Clerodendrum

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Clerodendrum trichotomum3.jpg | image_caption = ''Clerodendrum trichotomum'' fruit | taxon = Clerodendrum | authority = L.<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?2691 |title=Genus: ''Clerodendrum'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2010-05-27 |access-date=2011-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629214550/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?2691 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | type_species = ''Clerodendrum infortunatum'' | type_species_authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = ''Adelosa'' Blume ''Archboldia'' E.Beer & H.J.Lam ''Siphoboea'' Baill. ''Siphonanthus'' L. ''Spironema'' Hochst. | synonyms_ref = <ref name="GRIN"/> |}}

'''''Clerodendrum''''' is a genus of flowering plants formerly placed in the family Verbenaceae, but now considered to belong to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Its common names include '''glorybower''', '''bagflower''', '''pagoda flower''' and '''bleeding-heart'''. It is currently classified in the subfamily Ajugoideae, being one of several genera transferred from Verbenaceae to Lamiaceae in the 1990s, based on phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data.

{{Update span|Estimates of the number of species in ''Clerodendrum'' vary widely, from about 150<ref name="yuan2010">Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendrum'' (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". ''Taxon'' '''59'''(1):125-133.</ref> to about 450.<ref name="harley2004">Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. {{ISBN|978-3-540-40593-1}}</ref> This is partly because about 30 species have been transferred to ''Rotheca'',<ref name="steane1998">Dorothy A. Steane and David J. Mabberley. 1998. "''Rotheca'' (Lamiaceae) Revived". ''Novon'' '''8'''(2):204-206.</ref><ref name="fernandes2000">Rosette B. Fernandes and Bernard Verdcourt. 2000. "''Rotheca'' (Labiatae) revived - more new combinations". ''Kew Bulletin'' '''55'''(1):147-154.</ref> about 30 more to ''Volkameria'', and 1 to ''Ovieda''.<ref name="yuan2010"/>|reason=The references cited here are 20–30 years old. Much has changed|date=May 2025}} The type species for the genus is ''Clerodendrum infortunatum''.<ref name="ingclerodendrum">''Clerodendrum'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below).</ref> It is native to Sri Lanka and the Andaman Islands.<ref name="rhs">Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening.'' The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York.</ref>

The genus is native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world, with most of the species occurring in tropical Africa and southern Asia, but with a few in the tropical Americas and northern Australasia, and a few extending north into the temperate zone in eastern Asia.<ref name="mabberley2008">David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82071-4}}</ref>

They are shrubs, lianas, and small trees, usually growing to {{convert|1|-|12|m|0|abbr=on}} tall, with opposite or whorled leaves. ''C. floribundum'' can grow to {{convert|30|m|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref>Floyd, Alexander G., Australian Rainforests in New South Wales Volume 2 - 1990 {{ISBN|0-949324-32-9}} page 179</ref> ''Clerodendrum fistulosum'' and ''Clerodendrum myrmecophila'' have hollow stems that are inhabited by ants.<ref name="mabberley2008"/> ''Clerodendrum trichotomum'' is a common ornamental in warmer parts of the world.<ref name="mabberley2008"/> Eight other species are also grown in the tropics for their abundant and attractive flowers.<ref name="tgf2005">George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005)</ref> One of these, ''Clerodendrum macrostegium'', suckers abundantly from the roots, often producing a thicket within a few years.<ref name="tgf2005"/>

The following species are cultivated in the UK: *''C. chinense'' *''C. splendens'' *''C. thomsoniae'' *''C. trichotomum''<ref name="rhs"/>

''Clerodendrum'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Endoclita malabaricus'' and ''Endoclita sericeus.'' Both butterflies and hummingbirds are often attracted to blooming clerodendrum.

== Description == thumb|Close-up of a ''C. quadriloculare'' flower

The following description is based on the one by Yuan et alii (2010) and applies to only the monophyletic circumscription of ''Clerodendrum''.<ref name="yuan2010"/>

''Clerodendrum'' is a genus of small trees, shrubs, lianas, and subherbaceous perennials. Leaves decussate or whorled, never spiny as in some close relatives.

Inflorescence usually terminal. Sepals usually connate, often colored, usually accrescent. Corolla red to yellow, pink, or white. Corolla tube 5-lobed, the lobes usually unequal.

Stamens 4 (rarely 5), usually in 2 pairs of unequal length and projecting well beyond the mouth of the corolla.

Ovary incompletely 4-locular. Ovules 4. Style terminal on the ovary, bifid.

Fruit a drupe, usually with 4 grooves or lobes, 4-seeded (rarely 2-seeded by abortion).

== Pollination == ''Clerodendrum'' and its relatives have an unusual pollination syndrome which avoids self-pollination. This mating system combines dichogamy and herkogamy.<ref name="yuan2010"/>

The flowers are protandrous. When the flower opens, the stamens stand erect, parallel to the central axis of the flower, while the style bends over, holding the stigma beyond the rim of the corolla. After the pollen is shed, the stamens curl up or bend over, and the style straightens out, bringing the stigma to the center of the flower. Except for ''Aegiphila'', which is heterostylous, this breeding strategy is shared by all members of the clade consisting of ''Kalaharia'', ''Clerodendrum'', ''Volkameria'', ''Aegiphila'', ''Ovieda'', ''Tetraclea'', and ''Amasonia''.<ref name="yuan2010"/>

== History == ''Clerodendrum'' was named by Linnaeus in ''Species Plantarum'' in 1753.<ref name="linnaeus1753">''Clerodendrum'' page 637. In: Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' volume 2. Laurentii Salvii. (see ''External Links'' below).</ref> The name is derived from two Greek words, ''kleros'', meaning "chance or fate" or "clergy", and ''dendron'', "a tree".<ref name="quattrocchi2000">Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume I, page 559. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington, DC;, US. London, UK. {{ISBN|978-0-8493-2673-8}} (set).</ref> It refers to the considerable variation in reports of the usefulness of ''Clerodendrum'' in medicine,<ref name="mabberley2008"/> and also to the fact the trees were used for religious purposes in Asia.

Regional revisions of ''Clerodendrum'' have been done for local floras, but the last monograph of the entire genus was by John Isaac Briquet in 1895.<ref name="briquet1895">John Isaac Briquet. 1895. "''Clerodendrum''" pages 174-176. In: "Verbenaceae" pages 132-182. In: ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' volume IV, part 3a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany.</ref> He recognized about 90 species, defining the genus broadly to include species that others had placed in ''Rotheca'', ''Volkameria'', and ''Ovieda''. His circumscription was followed by most authors for the next 100 years, even though it was widely believed to be problematic.<ref name="yuan2010"/>

In 1997, phylogenetic analysis of DNA data showed that ''Clerodendrum'', as then understood, was polyphyletic.<ref name="steane1997">{{cite journal |author1=Dorothy A. Steane |author2=Robert W. Scotland |author3=David J. Mabberley | year = 1997 | journal = Systematic Botany | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 229–243 | title = Phylogenetic Relationships of ''Clerodendrum'' s.l. (Lamiaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA | doi = 10.2307/2419455|jstor=2419455 |bibcode=1997SysBo..22..229S }}</ref> This situation was remedied in 1998 with the revival of ''Rotheca''.<ref name="steane1998"/> This taxonomic change was based on previous work and on a molecular phylogenetic study that was not published until the following year.<ref name="steane1999">{{cite journal |author1=Dorothy A. Steane |author2=Robert W. Scotland |author3=David J. Mabberley |author4=Richard G. Olmstead | year = 1999 | title = Molecular systematics of ''Clerodendrum'' (Lamiaceae): ITS sequences and total evidence | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 86 | issue = 1 | pages = 98–107 | doi = 10.2307/2656958 | pmid = 21680349|jstor=2656958 |url=https://eprints.utas.edu.au/3430/1/Steane_etal_1999_Lamiaceae.pdf }}</ref>

In 2004, a study of DNA sequences showed that the monospecific Australian genus ''Huxleya'' was embedded in a clade of ''Clerodendrum'' species that had formerly been placed in ''Volkameria''.<ref name="steane2004">{{cite journal |author1=Dorothy A. Steane |author2=Rogier P.J. de Kok |author3=Richard G. Olmstead | year = 2004 | title = Phylogenetic relationships between ''Clerodendrum'' (Lamiaceae) and other Ajugoid genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–45 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.011 | pmid = 15186795|bibcode=2004MolPE..32...39S | url = https://figshare.com/ndownloader/files/40595600 }}</ref> ''Huxleya'' was then sunk into synonymy with ''Clerodendrum''. The 2004 study sampled ''Aegiphila'', ''Tetraclea'', and ''Amasonia'', three New World genera of Ajugoideae that had not previously been sampled for DNA. The results of this study cast doubt, once again, upon the monophyly of ''Clerodendrum''.

In 2010, a study of four chloroplast DNA intergenic spacers showed that part of ''Clerodendrum'' was closer to the New world genera than to other ''Clerodendrum'', and that one species of ''Clerodendrum'' was nested within the clade of New World genera.<ref name="yuan2010"/> The authors of this study resurrected the genus ''Volkameria'' and assigned to it about 30 species that had been in ''Clerodendrum''. They also resurrected ''Ovieda'' as a monotypic genus consisting of ''Ovieda spinosa''. ''Volkameria'' and ''Ovieda'' had been erected by Linnaeus in 1753. Modern cladistic analysis has largely vindicated his concepts of ''Clerodendrum'' and its relatives.

==Traditional medicinal use== ''Clerodendrum glandulosum''. Coleb leaf aqueous extract is traditionally used by people of North-East India to alleviate symptoms of diabetes, obesity and hypertension.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

Among the Hmar and Zomi tribes in the North East India Anphui(Clerodendrum) is also being used as a dish/curry.<ref>Anphui Dish from Biaki's Kitchen- https://m.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=699621273413089&id=440688782639674&set=a.440710989304120.111092.440688782639674</ref>

== Systematics == ''Clerodendrum'' is strongly supported as monophyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses. It consists of two clades, each of which receives strong bootstrap support. One clade contains mostly African species. The other is mostly Asian. The African and Asian groups can not confidently be divided into sections without more extensive sampling of taxa in phylogenetic studies. The Madagascan species, in particular, are poorly studied.<ref name="yuan2010"/>

It appears that the long, narrow corolla tube evolved only once in ''Clerodendrum'', and appeared again, among its relatives, in ''Ovieda''.<ref name="yuan2010"/>

=== Species === {{As of|2025|May}} Plants of the World Online recognises 240 species within this genus, as follows:{{R|POWO}} {{div col|colwidth=22em}} *''Clerodendrum abilioi'' {{small|R.Fern.}} *''Clerodendrum adenocalyx'' {{small|Dop ex Satthaphorn}} *''Clerodendrum adenophysum'' {{small|Hallier f.}} *''Clerodendrum africanum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum albiflos'' {{small|H.J.Lam}} *''Clerodendrum alboviolaceum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum andamanense'' {{small|(Moldenke) A.Rajendran & P.Daniel}} *''Clerodendrum angustipetalum'' {{small|Satthaphorn, A.J.Paton & Leerat.}} *''Clerodendrum anomalum'' {{small|Letouzey}} *''Clerodendrum apayaoense'' {{small|Quisumb.}} *''Clerodendrum arenarium'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum atlanticum'' {{small|Jongkind}} *''Clerodendrum aucubifolium'' {{small|Hemsl.}} *''Clerodendrum barba-felis'' {{small|Hallier f.}} *''Clerodendrum baronianum'' {{small|Oliv.}} *''Clerodendrum baumii'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum bellum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum bipindense'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum boivinii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum bosseri'' {{small|Capuron}} *''Clerodendrum brachyanthum'' {{small|Schauer}} *''Clerodendrum brachystemon'' {{small|C.Y.Wu & R.C.Fang}} *''Clerodendrum bracteatum'' {{small|Wall. ex Walp.}} *''Clerodendrum brassii'' {{small|Beer & H.J.Lam}} *''Clerodendrum brunfelsiiflorum'' {{small|Hallier f.}} *''Clerodendrum brunnescens'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum brunsvigioides'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum buchananii'' {{small|(Roxb.) Walp.}} *''Clerodendrum buchneri'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum buettneri'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum bungei'' {{small|Steud.}} *''Clerodendrum calamitosum'' {{small|L.}} *''Clerodendrum canescens'' {{small|Wall. ex Walp.}} *''Clerodendrum capitatum'' {{small|(Willd.) Schumach.}} *''Clerodendrum caryopteroides'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum cauliflorum'' {{small|Vatke}} *''Clerodendrum cecil-fischeri'' {{small|A.Rajendran & P.Daniel}} *''Clerodendrum cephalanthum'' {{small|Oliv.}} *''Clerodendrum chamaeriphes'' {{small|Wernham}} *''Clerodendrum chartaceum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum chinense'' {{small|(Osbeck) Mabb.}} *''Clerodendrum chlorisepalum'' {{small|Merr. ex Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum cochinchinense'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum colebrookeanum'' {{small|Walp.}} *''Clerodendrum comans'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum confine'' {{small|S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang}} *''Clerodendrum costatum'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum'' {{small|Turcz.}} *''Clerodendrum dauphinense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum decaryi'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum deflexum'' {{small|Wall.}} *''Clerodendrum dembianense'' {{small|Chiov.}} *''Clerodendrum densiflorum'' {{small|Griff.}} *''Clerodendrum dependens'' {{small|Aug.DC.}} *''Clerodendrum dewittei'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum dinklagei'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum disparifolium'' {{small|Blume}} *''Clerodendrum dusenii'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum ekmanii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum elbertii'' {{small|Hallier f.}} *''Clerodendrum elliotii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum emirnense'' {{small|Bojer ex Hook.}} *''Clerodendrum ervatamioides'' {{small|C.Y.Wu}} *''Clerodendrum eucalycinum'' {{small|Oliv.}} *''Clerodendrum eupatorioides'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum excavatum'' {{small|De Wild.}} *''Clerodendrum farafanganense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum fasciculatum'' {{small|B.Thomas}} *''Clerodendrum filipes'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum finetii'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum fistulosum'' {{small|Becc.}} *''Clerodendrum floribundum'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Clerodendrum formicarum'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum fortunatum'' {{small|L.}} *''Clerodendrum frutectorum'' {{small|S.Moore}} *''Clerodendrum fugitans'' {{small|Wernham}} *''Clerodendrum fuscum'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum galeatum'' {{small|Balf.f.}} *''Clerodendrum garrettianum'' {{small|Craib}} *''Clerodendrum gaudichaudii'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum geoffrayi'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum gibbosum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum giganteum'' {{small|(Moldenke) Phillipson & Callm.}} *''Clerodendrum globosum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum godefroyi'' {{small|Kuntze}} *''Clerodendrum grayi'' {{small|Munir}} *''Clerodendrum grevei'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum griffithianum'' {{small|C.B.Clarke}} *''Clerodendrum haematolasium'' {{small|Hallier f.}} *''Clerodendrum hahnianum'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum hainanense'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} *''Clerodendrum harmandianum'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum hastatum'' {{small|Lindl.}} *''Clerodendrum hendersonii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum hettae'' {{small|Hallier f.}} *''Clerodendrum hexangulatum'' {{small|B.Thomas}} *''Clerodendrum hildebrandtii'' {{small|Vatke}} *''Clerodendrum hircinum'' {{small|Schauer}} *''Clerodendrum hiulcum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum humbertii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum inaequipetiolatum'' {{small|R.D.Good}} *''Clerodendrum indicum'' {{small|(L.) Kuntze}} *''Clerodendrum infortunatum'' {{small|L.}} *''Clerodendrum insolitum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum intermedium'' {{small|Cham.}} *''Clerodendrum involucratum'' {{small|Vatke}} *''Clerodendrum izuinsulare'' {{small|K.Inoue & M.Haseg. & Shiro Kobay.}} *''Clerodendrum japonicum'' {{small|(Thunb.) Sweet}} *''Clerodendrum johnstonii'' {{small|Oliv.}} *''Clerodendrum johorense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum kaichianum'' {{small|P.S.Hsu}} *''Clerodendrum kamhyoae'' {{small|Phillipson & L.Allorge}} *''Clerodendrum kampotense'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum kauderni'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum kiangsiense'' {{small|Merr. ex H.L.Li}} *''Clerodendrum kinabaluense'' {{small|Stapf}} *''Clerodendrum klemmei'' {{small|Elmer}} *''Clerodendrum kwangtungense'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} *''Clerodendrum laciniatum'' {{small|Balf.f.}} *''Clerodendrum laevifolium'' {{small|Blume}} *''Clerodendrum lanceoliferum'' {{small|S.Moore}} *''Clerodendrum lanessanii'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum lankawiense'' {{small|King & Gamble}} *''Clerodendrum lanuginosum'' {{small|Blume}} *''Clerodendrum lastellei'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum laxiflorum'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum lecomtei'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum leucobotrys'' {{small|Breteler}} *''Clerodendrum leucophloeum'' {{small|Balf.f.}} *''Clerodendrum lindleyi'' {{small|Decne. ex Planch.}} *''Clerodendrum lloydianum'' {{small|Craib}} *''Clerodendrum longiflorum'' {{small|Decne.}} *''Clerodendrum longisepalum'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum lutambense'' {{small|Verdc.}} *''Clerodendrum luteopunctatum'' {{small|C.Pei & S.L.Chen}} *''Clerodendrum macrocalycinum'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum macrostegium'' {{small|Schauer}} *''Clerodendrum madagascariense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum magnificum'' {{small|Warb.}} *''Clerodendrum magnoliifolium'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum mananjariense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum mandarinorum'' {{small|Diels}} *''Clerodendrum mandrarense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum manombense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum melanocrater'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum micans'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum mildbraedii'' {{small|B.Thomas}} *''Clerodendrum minahassae'' {{small|Teijsm. & Binn.}} *''Clerodendrum mindorense'' {{small|Merr.}} *''Clerodendrum moramangense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum morigono'' {{small|Chiov.}} *''Clerodendrum multibracteatum'' {{small|Merr.}} *''Clerodendrum myrianthum'' {{small|Mildbr.}} *''Clerodendrum myrmecophilum'' {{small|Ridl.}} *''Clerodendrum myrtifolium'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum nhatrangense'' {{small|Dop ex Satthaphorn}} *''Clerodendrum nicolsonii'' {{small|A.Rajendran & P.Daniel}} *''Clerodendrum nutans'' {{small|Wall. ex Jack}} *''Clerodendrum ohwii'' {{small|Kaneh. & Hatus.}} *''Clerodendrum palmatolobatum'' {{small|Dop ex Satthaphorn, A.J.Paton & Leerat.}} *''Clerodendrum paniculatum'' {{small|L.}} *''Clerodendrum parvitubulatum'' {{small|B.Thomas}} *''Clerodendrum parvulum'' {{small|L.S.Sm.}} *''Clerodendrum paucidentatum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum pauciflorum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum peii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum peregrinum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum perrieri'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum petasites'' {{small|(Lour.) S.Moore}} *''Clerodendrum petunioides'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum phlomidis'' {{small|L.f.}} *''Clerodendrum phyllomega'' {{small|Steud.}} *''Clerodendrum pierreanum'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum pleiosciadium'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum poggei'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum polyanthum'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum polycephalum'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum porphyrocalyx'' {{small|Lauterb. & K.Schum.}} *''Clerodendrum praetervisa'' {{small|Guinea}} *''Clerodendrum premnoides'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum preslii'' {{small|Elmer}} *''Clerodendrum pubiflorum'' {{small|(Bakh. ex Moldenke) Wearn}} *''Clerodendrum putre'' {{small|Schauer}} *''Clerodendrum pygmaeum'' {{small|Merr.}} *''Clerodendrum pynaertii'' {{small|De Wild.}} *''Clerodendrum pyrifolium'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum quadriloculare'' {{small|(Blanco) Merr.}} *''Clerodendrum ramosissimum'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum revolutum'' {{small|Bosser}} *''Clerodendrum ridleyi'' {{small|King & Gamble}} *''Clerodendrum robecchii'' {{small|Chiov.}} *''Clerodendrum robustum'' {{small|Klotzsch}} *''Clerodendrum roseiflorum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum rotundifolium'' {{small|Oliv.}} *''Clerodendrum rubellum'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum rumphianum'' {{small|de Vriese}} *''Clerodendrum sakaleonense'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum sarawakanum'' {{small|H.J.Lam}} *''Clerodendrum sassandrense'' {{small|Jongkind}} *''Clerodendrum sayapense'' {{small|Wearn}} *''Clerodendrum schmidtii'' {{small|C.B.Clarke}} *''Clerodendrum schweinfurthii'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum silvanum'' {{small|Henriq.}} *''Clerodendrum singwanum'' {{small|B.Thomas}} *''Clerodendrum sinuatum'' {{small|Hook.}} *''Clerodendrum smitinandii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum speciosissimum'' {{small|Jacob-Makoy}} *''Clerodendrum splendens'' {{small|G.Don}} *''Clerodendrum subpeltatum'' {{small|Wernham}} *''Clerodendrum subtruncatum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum sylvae'' {{small|J.-G.Adam}} *''Clerodendrum sylvestre'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum tanganyikense'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum tatei'' {{small|(F.Muell.) Munir}} *''Clerodendrum ternatum'' {{small|Schinz}} *''Clerodendrum thomsoniae'' {{small|Balf.f.}} *''Clerodendrum thouarsii'' {{small|Phillipson & Callm.}} *''Clerodendrum thyrsoideum'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum tibetanum'' {{small|C.Y.Wu & S.K.Wu}} *''Clerodendrum tomentellum'' {{small|Hutch. & Dalziel}} *''Clerodendrum tomentosum'' {{small|(Vent.) R.Br.}} *''Clerodendrum tonkinense'' {{small|Dop}} *''Clerodendrum toxicarium'' {{small|Baker}} *''Clerodendrum tracyanum'' {{small|(F.Muell.) Benth.}} *''Clerodendrum trichanthum'' {{small|Bosser}} *''Clerodendrum tricholobum'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum trichotomum'' {{small|Thunb.}} *''Clerodendrum triflorum'' {{small|Vis.}} *''Clerodendrum tubulosum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum umbellatum'' {{small|Poir.}} *''Clerodendrum umbratile'' {{small|King & Gamble}} *''Clerodendrum urticifolium'' {{small|(Roxb.) Wall. ex Voigt}} *''Clerodendrum villosicalyx'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum villosum'' {{small|Blume}} *''Clerodendrum vinosum'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum volubile'' {{small|P.Beauv.}} *''Clerodendrum wallii'' {{small|Moldenke}} *''Clerodendrum welwitschii'' {{small|Gürke}} *''Clerodendrum williamsii'' {{small|Elmer}} *''Clerodendrum yunnanense'' {{small|Hu}}

===Formerly placed here=== {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} *''Pseudocaryopteris foetida'' (D.Don) P.D.Cantino (as ''C. foetidum'' D.Don) *''Rotheca incisa'' (Klotzsch) Steane & Mabb. (as ''C. incisum'' Klotzsch or ''C. macrosiphon'' Hook.f.) *''Rotheca myricoides'' (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb. (as ''C. myricoides'' (Hochst.) Vatke or ''C. ugandense'' Prain) *''Rotheca serrata'' (L.) Steane & Mabb. (as ''C. serratum'' (L.) Moon) *''Volkameria aculeata'' L. (as ''C. aculeatum'' (L.) Schltdl.) *''Volkameria glabra'' (E.Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan (as ''C. glabrum'' E.Mey.) *''Volkameria inermis'' L. (as ''C. inerme'' (L.) Gaertn.) *''Volkameria ligustrina'' Jacq. (as ''C. ligustrinum'' (Jacq.) R.Br.) {{div col end}}

== Gallery == <gallery> File:Clerodendrum paniculatum (spike).jpg|''Clerodendrum paniculatum'' File:Clerodendrum floribundum fruit.jpg|''C. floribundum'' fruit and foliage, coastal Central Queensland File:Clerodendrum floribundum tree.jpg|''C. floribundum'' tree, coastal Central Queensland File:Common Rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae) on Clerodendrum viscosum at Samsing, Duars, West Bengal W IMG 6271.jpg|Common Rose ''Pachliopta aristolochiae'' on ''Clerodendrum viscosum'' at Samsing in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India. File:Clerodendrum thomsoniae in India.jpg|Bleeding heart at Wayanad, Kerala File:Glorybower Flower.jpg|Glorybower Flower in Bangalore, India </gallery>

== References == {{Reflist |refs= <ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002447-2 |title=''Clerodendrum'' L. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=11 May 2025}}</ref> }}

== External links == {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies}} * [http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Clerodendrum ''Clerodendrum''] At:[http://www.botany.si.edu/ing Index Nominum Genericorum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014160237/http://botany.si.edu/ing/ |date=14 October 2010 }} At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references References] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927172741/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm?references |date=27 September 2010 }} At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm NMNH Department of Botany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001045837/http://botany.si.edu/index.htm |date=1 October 2010 }} * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13830#79 ''Clerodendrum''] In: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13830#1 volume 2] Of: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37656 Species Plantarum] At: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=107332 Flora of China: ''Clerodendrum'']

Category:Clerodendrum Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Lamiaceae genera