{{short description|American amateur historian, author, gun enthusiast, and software engineer}} thumb|Clayton Cramer '''Clayton E. Cramer''' is an American amateur historian, author and gun rights activist. He played an important early role in documenting errors in the book ''Arming America'' by Michael A. Bellesiles.
His work was cited by the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas in ''United States v. Emerson'', 46 F.Supp.2d 598 (N.D.Tex. 1999).{{Not in body|date=January 2025}} His research also informed the Supreme Court decision in the Second Amendment cases ''District of Columbia v. Heller'' and ''McDonald v. Chicago''.{{Not in body|date=January 2025}}
==''Arming America'' controversy== {{main|Arming America}} In 1996, while working on his master's thesis, Cramer read a paper by Bellesiles on early gun laws, published in the Journal of American History. This paper formed a basis for Bellesiles' later book, ''Arming America''. Cramer's thesis "examined the development of concealed weapon laws in the early Republic", believing Bellesiles' paper contradicted his own knowledge of gun availability in early America.<ref name=HNN>{{cite web |url=https://hnn.us/articles/1185.html |title=What Clayton Cramer Saw and (Nearly) Everyone Else Missed |publisher=History News Network, George Mason University |date=January 6, 2003 |accessdate=26 February 2009}}</ref>
Cramer was later sent an early review copy of ''Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture''. Upon reading it, Cramer immediately noted significant discrepancies with what he knew of American history, particularly at the time of the American Revolution. He began checking facts and discovered that many of Bellesiles' citations and quotes did not match the historical record. "I sat down with a list of bizarre, amazing claims that Bellesiles had made, and started chasing down the citations at Sonoma State University’s library. I found quotations out of context that completely reversed the author’s original intent. I found dates changed. I found the text of statutes changed — and the changes completely reversed the meaning of the law. It took me twelve hours of hunting before I found a citation that was completely correct."<ref name=HNN />
Cramer's research encountered resistance from journal editors and other historians, but he continued alleging fraud against Bellesiles' scholarship. Other critics, including James Lindgren of Northwestern University, supported Cramer's claims, and Emory University conducted an investigation which was strongly critical of Bellesiles' ethical standards. Bellesiles resigned his position at Emory on the day the report was released.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emory.edu/news/Releases/bellesiles1035563546.html |title=Oct. 25: Michael Bellesiles Resigns from Emory Faculty |publisher=Emory University |date=October 25, 2002 |accessdate=26 February 2009}}</ref> On December 13, 2002, Bellesiles' Bancroft Prize was revoked by the Columbia University Board of Trustees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hnn.us/articles/1157.html |title=The Bancroft and Bellesiles |publisher=History News Network, George Mason University |date=December 13, 2002 |accessdate=February 26, 2009}}</ref>
==Other activities== In 2008, Cramer ran for Idaho State Senator from District 22 as a Republican, but was defeated in the primary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2008/Primary/tot_leg.htm |title=2008 Primary Election Results Legislative Totals |accessdate=May 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501063707/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2008/Primary/tot_leg.htm |archivedate=May 1, 2012 }}</ref>
Cramer is critical of making involuntary commitment of mentally ill persons difficult,<ref>{{cite journal |first=Clayton |last=Cramer |url=http://www.fed-soc.org/doclib/20120517_CramerEngage13.1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923073932/http://www.fed-soc.org/doclib/20120517_CramerEngage13.1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |title=Madness, Deinstitutionalization & Murder |journal=Engage|volume=13 |issue=1 |date=March 2012 |pages=37–43 |publisher=Federalist Society |accessdate=May 22, 2012}}</ref> and has researched and compiled a book explaining the origins of this policy.<ref>{{cite book | title = My Brother Ron: A Personal and Social History of the Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill | publisher = CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform | year = 2012 | location = Scotts Valley, CA | isbn = 978-1477667538 }}</ref>
==Publications== *{{cite book | title = By the Dim and Flaring Lamps: The Civil War Diary of Samuel McIlvaine | publisher = Library Research Associates | year = 1990 | location = Monroe, NY | isbn = 0-912526-46-7 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Ethical Problems of Mass Murder Coverage in the Mass Media | journal = Journal of Mass Media Ethics | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 26–42 | date = Winter 1993–1994 | issn = 0890-0523 | url = https://www.claytoncramer.com/scholarly/JMME2.htm | accessdate = 2020-03-06 | doi = 10.1207/s15327728jmme0901_3 | last1 = Cramer | first1 = Clayton E.| url-access = subscription }} *{{cite book | title = For the defense of themselves and the state : the original intent and judicial interpretation of the right to keep and bear arms | publisher = Praeger | year = 1994 | location = Westport, CT | isbn = 0-275-94913-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/fordefenseofthem00cram }} *{{cite book | title = Firing Back: A Clear, Simple Guide to Defending your Constitutional Right to Bear Arms | publisher = Krause Publications | year = 1995 | location = Iola, WI | isbn = 0-87341-344-X | url = https://archive.org/details/firingback0000cram }} *{{Cite journal | title = The Racist Roots of Gun Control | journal = Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy | volume = 42 | issue = 2 | pages = 17–25 | date = Winter 1995 | issn = 1055-8942 | url = http://www.claytoncramer.com/scholarly/racistroots.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150428044922/http://www.claytoncramer.com/scholarly/racistroots.htm | archivedate=2015-04-28 | accessdate = 2015-07-22 }} *{{Cite journal | last1 = Cramer |first1 = Clayton | last2 = Kopel | first2 = David B. | author2-link = Dave Kopel | title = Shall Issue: The New Wave of Concealed Handgun Permit Laws | journal = Tennessee Law Review | volume = 62 | issue = 3 | pages = 679–757 | date = Spring 1995 | issn = 0040-3288 | url = http://www.claytoncramer.com/scholarly/shall-issue.html | accessdate = 2015-07-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141207143210/http://www.claytoncramer.com/scholarly/shall-issue.html | archivedate = 2014-12-07 }} *{{Cite journal | last = Cramer | first = Clayton | last2 = Kopel | first2 = David B. | author2-link = Dave Kopel | last3 = Hattrup | first3 = Scott G. | title = A Tale of Three Cities: The Right to Bear Arms in State Supreme Courts | journal = Temple Law Review | volume = 68 | issue = 3 | pages = 1178–1241 | date = Fall 1995 | issn = 0899-8086 | url = https://www.davekopel.org/2A/LawRev/ThreeCities.htm }} *{{cite book | title = Black Demographic Data, 1790-1860: A Sourcebook | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1997 | location = Westport, CT | isbn = 0-313-30243-X | url = https://archive.org/details/blackdemographic00clay }} *{{cite book | title = Concealed Weapon Laws of the Early Republic: Dueling, Southern Violence, and Moral Reform | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7yP1pwHAazEC&dq=Concealed+Weapon+Laws+of+the+Early+Republic,+Dueling,+Southern+Violence,+and+Moral+Reform&pg=PP1 | publisher = Praeger | year = 1999 | location = Westport, CT | isbn = 0-275-96615-1 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Shots in the Dark (Review of ''Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture'' , by Michael A. Bellesiles) | journal = National Review Online | date = September 23–24, 2000 | url = http://old.nationalreview.com/weekend/books/books-cramer092300.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130425051824/http://old.nationalreview.com/weekend/books/books-cramer092300.shtml | issn = 0028-0038 | archivedate=2013-04-25 }} *{{Cite journal | title = Why Footnotes Matter: Checking Arming America's Claims | journal = Plagiary | volume = 1 | issue = 11 | pages = 1–31 | year = 2006 | url = https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/plag/5240451.0001.016/--why-footnotes-matter-checking-arming-americas-claims?rgn=main;view=fulltext | format = PDF | issn = 1559-3096 | accessdate = 2013-04-25 }} *{{cite book | title = Armed America: The Remarkable Story of How and Why Guns Became as American as Apple Pie | publisher = Nelson Current | year = 2007 | location = Nashville, TN | isbn = 978-1-59555-069-9 }} *{{cite book | title = My Brother Ron: A Personal and Social History of the Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill | publisher = CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform | year = 2012 | location = Scotts Valley, CA | isbn = 978-1477667538 }} *"On the right side of the bullet: More Americans protect themselves with guns than you think." ''Washington Times.''February 9, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/9/on-the-right-side-of-the-bullet/|title=CRAMER: On the right side of the bullet|work=The Washington Times|date=February 9, 2012|access-date=2016-07-11}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://www.claytoncramer.com/ Clayton Cramer's personal website] *https://claytonecramer.blogspot.com/
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cramer, Clayton}} Category:American male writers Category:Living people Category:People from Boise County, Idaho Category:American gun rights activists Category:Year of birth missing (living people)