{{Short description|Designation for political opponents of ruling power}} {{About|the epithet}} {{Redirect|Class enemy|the Bosnian play|Class Enemy (play){{!}}''Class Enemy'' (play)|the Slovenian film|Class Enemy (film){{!}}''Class Enemy'' (film)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} [[File:Retrato de Julio César (26724093101) (cropped).jpg|thumb|271x271px|In the year 49 [[Common Era|BC]], the Roman Senate declared [[Julius Caesar]] the enemy of the people of Rome (hostis publicus).]] The terms '''enemy of the people''' and '''enemy of the nation''' are designations for the political opponents and the [[social class|social-class]] opponents of the [[Power (social and political)|power group]] within a larger social unit, who, thus identified, can be subjected to political repression.<ref>"Enemies of the people", '' A Dictionary of 20th-century Communism'' (2010) Silvio Pons and Robert Service, Eds. pp. 307–308.</ref>
Like the term ''[[enemy of the state]]'', the term ''enemy of the people'' originated and derives from the {{langx|la|hostis publicus}}, a [[public enemy]] of the [[Roman Empire]]. In literature, the term ''enemy of the people'' features in the title of the stageplay ''[[An Enemy of the People]]'' (1882), by [[Henrik Ibsen]], and is a theme in the stageplay ''[[Coriolanus]]'' (1605), by [[William Shakespeare]].
==Origins== === Imperial Rome === The expression ''enemy of the people'' dates to [[Imperial Rome]].<ref>see also Jal, Paul (1963) [http://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1963_num_65_1_3689 ''Hostis (publicus) dans la littérature latine de la fin de la République''], footnotes 1 and 2</ref> The [[Roman Senate|Senate]] declared Emperor [[Nero]] a {{lang | la | hostis publicus}} in 68 AD.<ref>Garzetti, Albino (2014) ''From Tiberius to the Antonines: A History of the Roman Empire AD 14–192'', Routledge. p. 220 {{ISBN|978-1317698432}}</ref> The direct translation of the phrase is "public enemy".
===French Revolution=== The words ''[[:fr:Ennemi du peuple|ennemi du peuple]]'' were used extensively during the [[French Revolution]]. On 25 December 1793 [[Robespierre]] stated: "The revolutionary government owes to the good citizen all the protection of the nation; it owes nothing to the Enemies of the People but death".<ref>[[Robespierre]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=ik2jUBnhZbgC&pg=PA392&lpg=PA39 "Le but du gouvernement constitutionnel est de conserver la République; celui du gouvernement révolutionnaire est de la fonder. […] Le gouvernement révolutionnaire doit au bon citoyen toute la protection nationale; il ne doit aux Ennemis du Peuple que la mort"] (speech at the [[National Convention]]</ref> The [[Law of 22 Prairial]] in 1794 extended the remit of the [[Revolutionary Tribunal]] to punish "enemies of the people", with some political crimes punishable by death, including "[t]hose who have disseminated [[Fake news|false news]] in order to divide or disturb the people."<ref name=higgins>Higgins, Andrew (26 February 2017) [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/26/world/europe/trump-enemy-of-the-people-stalin.html "Trump Embraces ‘Enemy of the People,’ a Phrase With a Fraught History"] ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>
==Marxist–Leninist states== ===Soviet Union=== The [[Soviet Union]] made extensive use of the term "enemy of the people". In June 1917, [[Vladimir Lenin]] published an article ''About the Enemies of the People'',<ref>[https://leninism.su/works/71-tom-32/1837-o-vragax-naroda.html О ВРАГАХ НАРОДА]</ref> commenting on [[Plekhanovite]]'s invocation of the usage of the term during the French Revoluition. The [[Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee]] printed lists of "enemies of the people", and Lenin invoked it in his decree of 28 November 1917:<ref>{{Cite book|title=The black book of communism : crimes, terror, repression|date=1999|publisher=Harvard University Press|others=Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer|isbn=0-674-07608-7|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=41256361}}</ref> {{blockquote|...all leaders of the [[Constitutional Democratic Party]], a party filled with enemies of the people, are hereby to be considered outlaws, and are to be arrested immediately and brought before the revolutionary court.<ref name="Black">Werth, Nicolas; Bartošek, Karel; Panné, Jean-Louis; Margolin, Jean-Louis; Paczkowski, Andrzej; and [[Stéphane Courtois|Courtois, Stéphane]] (1999) ''The [[Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-674-07608-7}}</ref>}}
Other similar terms were in use as well: *''enemy of the labourers'' (враг трудящихся, ''vrag trudyashchikhsya'') *''enemy of the proletariat'' (враг пролетариата, ''vrag proletariata'') *''class enemy'' (классовый враг, ''klassovyi vrag''), etc.
The term "enemy of the people" was used in the [[1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union]], in Article 131 about public property: "Persons who encroach on public, socialist property are enemies of the people."<ref>[[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1936)/Исходная редакция]]</ref>
The term "enemy of the workers" was formalized in the [[Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)]],<ref>[http://www.cyberussr.com/rus/uk58-e.html#58-1a "Article 58"], an online excerpt</ref> and similar articles in the codes of the other [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet Republics]].
At various times these terms were applied, in particular, to [[Tsar Nicholas II]] and the [[House of Romanov|Imperial family]], [[aristocracy|aristocrat]]s, the [[bourgeoisie]], [[cleric]]s, [[Robber baron (industrialist)|business entrepreneurs]], [[anarchism|anarchists]], [[kulak]]s, [[monarchism|monarchists]], [[Mensheviks]], [[Socialist-Revolutionary Party|Esers]], [[General Jewish Labor Union|Bundists]], [[Trotskyism|Trotskyists]], [[Nikolai Bukharin|Bukharin]]ists, the "[[old Bolshevik]]s", the army and police, [[emigrant]]s, [[sabotage|saboteurs]], [[wrecking (Soviet crime)|wreckers]] (вредители, "vrediteli"), "[[parasitism (social offense)|social parasites]]" (тунеядцы, "tuneyadtsy"), ''Kavezhedists'' (people who administered and serviced the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]], abbreviated KVZhD, particularly the Russian population of [[Harbin]], China), and those considered [[bourgeois nationalism|bourgeois nationalists]] (notably [[Russian nationalism|Russian]], [[Ukrainian nationalism|Ukrainian]], [[Belarusian nationalism|Belarusian]], [[Armenian nationalism|Armenian]], [[Lithuanian nationalism|Lithuanian]], Latvian, and [[Estonian nationalism|Estonian]] nationalists, as well as [[Zionism|Zionists]] and the [[Basmachi movement]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?page=article&ArticleID=1929rysakov1&SubjectID=1929sovietization&Year=1929|title=Seventeen Moments in Soviet History|access-date=3 November 2010|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035343/http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?page=article&ArticleID=1929rysakov1&SubjectID=1929sovietization&Year=1929|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4170187 |title=«Объявить всех врагами народа»: Как пропагандистский штамп превратился в страшный приговор |trans-title=To declare everyone the enemy of the people: how a propagandistic cliche turned into a sinister verdict |work=[[Kommersant]] |lang=ru |date=29 November 2019 }}</ref>
After 1927, Article 20 of the Common Part of the penal code that listed possible "measures of [[social defence]]" had the following item 20a: "declaration to be an enemy of the workers with deprivation of the union republic citizenship and hence of the [[Soviet nationality law|USSR citizenship]], with obligatory expulsion from its territory".<ref>{{cite book | last1=Vinogradov | first1=Alexey | last2=Pleysier | first2=Albert | title=Enemies of the People under Stalinism | date=3 July 2023 | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | isbn=978-0-7618-7410-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvDIEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22declaration%20to%20be%20an%20enemy%20of%20the%20workers%20with%20deprivation%22&pg=PA139 }}</ref>
====Rejection of the phrase==== On 25 February 1956, [[Nikita Khrushchev]] delivered a speech to the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] in which he claimed that [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] was the author of the phrase and distanced himself from it, saying that it made debate impossible.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Higgins|first=Andrew|date=2017-02-26|title=Trump Embraces 'Enemy of the People,' a Phrase With a Fraught History|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/26/world/europe/trump-enemy-of-the-people-stalin.html|access-date=2020-09-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> "This term automatically made it unnecessary that the ideological errors of a man or men engaged in a controversy be proven," Khrushchev said. "It made possible the use of the cruelest repression, violating all norms of [...] legality, against anyone who in any way disagreed with Stalin, against those who were only suspected of hostile intent, against those who had bad reputations ... The formula ‘enemy of the people’ was specifically introduced for the purpose of physically annihilating such individuals."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Khrushchev|first=Nikita|date=2007-04-26|title=The cult of the individual (25 Feb 1956)|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/apr/26/greatspeeches1|access-date=2020-09-24|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
For decades afterwards, the phrase "was so omnipresent, freighted and devastating in its use under Stalin that nobody [in Russia] wanted to touch it. ... except in reference to history and in jokes", according to [[William Taubman]] in his biography of Khrushchev.<ref name="higgins" />
===Cambodia and China=== According to [[Philip Short]], an author of biographies of [[Mao Zedong]] and Cambodia's [[Khmer Rouge]] leader [[Pol Pot]], in domestic political struggles Chinese and Cambodian communists rarely if ever used the phrase "enemy of the people" as they were very nationalistic and saw it as an alien import.<ref name=higgins />
In 1957, in the speech and in the essay ''[[On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People]]'', Mao said that: "At the present stage, the period of building socialism, the classes, strata and social groups which favour, support and work for the cause of socialist construction all come within the category of the people, while the social forces and groups which resist the socialist revolution and are hostile to or sabotage socialist construction are all enemies of the people."<ref>Mao Zedong (27 February 1957) [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch04.htm ''On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People'' pp. 2–3]</ref>
===Albania=== Enemy of the people ([[Albanian language|Alb]]: ''Armiku i popullit'') in Albania were the enemy [[Linguistic typology|typology]] of the [[Communist Albania]]n government used to denounce political or class opponents. The term is today considered [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]], [[derogatory]] and [[hostile]]. There are still some politicians who use the term on political opponents with the intention of dehumanization.<ref>{{cite book |title=Enemies of the People, History, Ideology Behind The … |date=2019 |publisher=Remarks by Head of Presence, Ambassador Bernd Borchardt, at the international scientific conference "The portrait of ‘people’s enemy’ during the dictatorship of proletariat in Albania (1944–1990) 17 May 2019 |url=https://www.osce.org/presence-in-albania/419939?download=true}}.</ref>
After the communist takeover, many who were labeled with this term were executed or [[Communist Albania concentration camps|imprisoned]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elsie |first1=Robert |title=A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History |date=2013 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1780764313 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgf6GWJxuZgC&pg=PA388 |access-date=10 November 2019 |language=en}}.</ref> [[Enver Hoxha]] declared religious leaders, landowners, disloyal party officials, clerics and clan leaders as "enemies of the people". This is said to have led to the death of 6,000 people.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gendered legacies of Communist Albania: a paradox of progress |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/gendered-legacies-of-communist-albania-paradox-of-progress/ |work=openDemocracy}}.</ref> Thousands were sentenced to death.<ref>{{cite news |title=Enver Hoxha's personality cult lives on in today's Albania |url=https://neweasterneurope.eu/2018/10/05/enver-hoxhas-personality-cult-lives-todays-albania/ |work=New Eastern Europe – A bimonthly news magazine dedicated to Central and Eastern European affairs |date=5 October 2018}}.</ref> From 1945 to 1992, around 5,000 men and women were executed and close to 100,000 were sent to prison as they were labeled enemies of the people.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arct – Denial of Memory: It is Time for Albania to Confront Its Communist Past |url=http://www.arct.org/index.php/sq/historical-memory/albanian-post-communism/250-denial-of-memory-it-is-time-for-albania-to-confront-its-communist-past |work=arct.org |access-date=12 January 2020 |archive-date=2 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402173530/https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arct.org%2Findex.php%2Fsq%2Fhistorical-memory%2Falbanian-post-communism%2F250-denial-of-memory-it-is-time-for-albania-to-confront-its-communist-past&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&width=105&action=like&colorscheme=light&height=21 |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Many who were targeted held important leadership positions in the party and state structures of the regime.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meta. |first1=Beqir |title=Framework Study On prison system, internment and forced labor during communist regime in Albania with a focus on establishing a museum of memory in the former internment camp in Tepelena |date=2018 |url=https://www.undp.org/content/dam/albania/img/Publications/Framework%20Study%20for%20web.pdf |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731011815/https://www.undp.org/content/dam/albania/img/Publications/Framework%20Study%20for%20web.pdf |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Hoxha also used the term against the Soviet Union and the US when he spoke: ''"as to ’Albania being only one mouthful’, watch out, gentlemen, for socialist Albania is a hard bone that will stick in your throat and choke you!"''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Regarding China's {{sic|Withdraw|l|nolink=y}} of Aid from Albania |url=https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-5/core-albania.htm |work=marxists.org}}.</ref> On 1 June 1945, The Albanian Central Commission for the Discovery of Crimes, of War Criminals and Enemies of the People requested the International Commission for the Discovery of Crimes and War Criminals to hand over a number of Albanian war criminals found in concentration camps in Italy such as Bari, Lecce, Salerno and others.<ref>{{cite news |title=Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1945, Europe, Volume IV – Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v04/d25 |work=history.state.gov}}.</ref> In 1954, Hoxha condemned the American and British liberation of Albania calling them "enemies of the people".<ref>{{cite news |last1=(Central Intelligence Agency) |first1=CIA |title=Tirana Spy Trial Proceedings Continued. Tirana, Albanian Home Service, Apr. 12, 1954, 2000 GMT-41 (Recordings of Prosecutor's summation) (Text) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/OBOPUS%20BGFIEND%20%20%20VOL.%206_0060.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220224533/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/OBOPUS%20BGFIEND%20%20%20VOL.%206_0060.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2017 |access-date=10 November 2019 |issue=Official Use Only LL 1 – Albania 15 April 1954 |date=15 April 1954}}.</ref> In the 1960s, many Albanian migrants returned from Austria and Italy after having fled in the 1940s, and despite having been promised not to be punished, were immediately arrested as "enemies of the people".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Woodcock |first1=Shannon |title='Against a Wall': Albania's Women Political Prisoners' Struggle to be Heard |url=https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/view/4093/4330 |journal=Cultural Studies Review |date=7 August 2014 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=39–65–39–65 |language=en |doi=10.5130/csr.v20i2.4093|doi-access=free }}.</ref> In 1990, Ismail Kadare applied for political asylum in France, which was granted, resulting in him being condemned by Albanian officials as an "enemy of the people".<ref>{{cite news |title=Albania Condemns Writer's Defection as ''Ugly Act'' |url=https://apnews.com/3c233cb5151056303f25f93e4b817d9f |access-date=10 November 2019 |work=AP News}}.</ref>
==Nazi Germany== Regarding [[Madagascar Plan|the Nazi plan to relocate all Jews to Madagascar]], the Nazi tabloid ''[[Der Stürmer]]'' wrote that "The Jews don't want to go to Madagascar – They cannot bear the climate. Jews are pests and disseminators of diseases. In whatever country they settle and spread themselves out, they produce the same effects as are produced in the human body by germs. ... In former times sane people and sane leaders of the peoples made short shrift of ''enemies of the people''. They had them either expelled or killed."<ref>{{cite news|title=The Germ|url=https://www.phdn.org/archives/www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/antisem14.htm|newspaper=[[Der Stürmer]]|issue=38|date=September 1938}}</ref>
==Russia== {{see also|Russian foreign agent law}} The term returned to post-Soviet Russia in the late 2000s with a number of nationalist and pro-government politicians (most notably [[Ramzan Kadyrov]]) calling for restoration of the Soviet approach to the "enemies of the people" defined as all [[non-system opposition]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Staff| url=https://www.pravda.info/society/5632.html | title=Опубликован шорт-лист претендентов на звание "враг народа в левом движении" |year=2006 | access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Staff| url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2016/01/13/n_8111345.shtml | title=Кадыров призвал относиться к внесистемной оппозиции как к врагам народа |year=2015 | access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=Staff | url=http://www.znak.com/urfo/news/06-12-14-44/1032579.html | title=На площадке путинского "Народного фронта" предложили вернуть в употребление статус "враг народа" | year=2014 | access-date=13 January 2016 | archive-date=15 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115024045/http://www.znak.com/urfo/news/06-12-14-44/1032579.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
On 28 December 2022, [[Dmitry Medvedev]], Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of Russia, said that Russians who fled Russia after the invasion of Ukraine and are [[2022 anti-war protests in Russia|opposed to the war]] should be labeled "enemies of society" and barred from returning to Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Medvedev Calls for Recent Russian Emigres to Be Banned From Returning |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/12/28/medvedev-calls-for-recent-russian-emigres-to-be-banned-from-returning-a79824 |work=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=28 December 2022}}</ref>
== United Kingdom == {{main|Enemies of the People (headline)}}
During the aftermath of [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|the referendum on membership of the European Union]], the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' was criticized for a headline describing judges (in [[R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union|the ''Miller'' case]]) as "Enemies of the People" for ruling that the process for leaving the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|European Union]] (i.e. the triggering of [[Article 50]]) would require the consent of the [[British Parliament]]. The [[First May ministry|May administration]] had hoped to use the powers of the [[royal prerogative]] to bypass parliamentary approval.<ref name=guardian>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/nov/04/enemies-of-the-people-british-newspapers-react-judges-brexit-ruling|author=Phipps, Claire|title=British newspapers react to judges' Brexit ruling: 'Enemies of the people'|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 4 November 2016|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The paper issued [[character assassination]]s of all the judges involved in the ruling ([[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice]] [[John Thomas (judge)|Lord Thomas]], Sir [[Terence Etherton]], and [[Philip Sales|Lord Justice Sales]]), and received more than 1,000 complaints to the [[Independent Press Standards Organisation]].<ref name=independent>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/daily-mail-nazi-propaganda-front-page-ipso-complaints-brexit-eu-enemies-of-the-people-a7409836.html|author=Pells, Rachael|title=Daily Mail's 'Enemies of the People' front page receives more than 1,000 complaints to IPSO|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=10 November 2016|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Coe, Jonathan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/opinion/sunday/is-donald-trump-mr-brexit.html|title=Is Donald Trump 'Mr. Brexit'?|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=27 January 2017|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The [[Secretary of State for Justice]], [[Liz Truss]], issued a three-line statement defending the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, which some saw as inadequate due to the delayed response and failure to condemn the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/bar-council-liz-truss-brexit-ruling-decision-serious-unjustified-attacks-judiciary-judges-high-court-a7399356.html|title=Liz Truss breaks her silence but fails to condemn backlash over Brexit ruling|work=The Independent|access-date=11 February 2017|last=Worley|first=Will}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Staff and Agencies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/nov/05/barristers-urge-liz-truss-to-condemn-attacks-on-brexit-ruling-judges|title=Liz Truss defends judiciary after Brexit ruling criticism|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 November 2016|access-date=11 February 2017}}</ref>
== United States ==
=== 1960s === In the United States during the 1960s, organizations such as the [[Black Panther Party]]<ref name="BPDH">{{cite book|editor1-last=Hilliard|editor1-first=David|title=The Black Panther|publisher=Simon and Schuster.|page=48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2f74Dtrq44oC&q=enemy+of+the+people+black+panthers&pg=PA28|access-date=21 March 2017|isbn=978-1416552895|date=2008}}</ref><ref name="ASBURY-NYT">{{cite news|last1=Ashbury|first1=Edith Evans|title=Newton Denounces 2 Missing Panthers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/10/archives/newton-denounces-2-missing-panthers-newton-denounces-2-missing.html|access-date=21 March 2017|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 February 1971}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Faraj|first1=Gaidi|title=Unearthing the Underground: A Study of Radical Activism in the Black Panther ...|date=2007|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|page=161|isbn=978-0549528524}}</ref> and [[Students for a Democratic Society]]<ref name="hogan">{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Doug|title=In Search Of The 'Real S.D.S.' Favoring A Campus Worker-Student Alliance|url=https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/real-sds.htm|work=The Stanford Daily|access-date=21 March 2017|date=9 February 1970}}</ref> were known to use the term. In one inter-party dispute in February 1971, for example, Black Panther leader [[Huey P. Newton]] denounced two other Panthers as "enemies of the people" for allegedly putting party leaders and members in jeopardy.<ref name="ASBURY-NYT" />
=== Donald Trump === {{main|Donald Trump's conflict with the media}}
In 2020 the [[Committee to Protect Journalists]] published a special report by [[Leonard Downie Jr.]] titled "The Trump Administration and the Media", which mentioned that Trump's verbal attacks included the term "the enemy of the people".<ref name=ledoj>[[Leonard Downie Jr.]] [https://cpj.org/reports/2020/04/trump-media-attacks-credibility-leaks/ The Trump Administration and the Media]</ref> From his inauguration in January 2017 through October 15, 2019, Trump called the news media the "enemy of the people" 36 times on Twitter.<ref>Michael D. Shear, Maggie Haberman, Nicholas Confessore, Karen Yourish, Larry Buchanan and Keith Collins, [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/02/us/politics/trump-twitter-presidency.html How Trump Reshaped the Presidency in Over 11,000 Tweets], ''The New York Times'' (2 November 2019).</ref>
==See also== * [[Class struggle]] * [[Ostracism]] * {{lang|la|[[Persona non grata]]}} * [[Public enemy]] * [[Social death]] * [[Struggle session]] * {{lang|de|[[Untermensch]]}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{-}} {{Conformity}} {{French Revolution}} {{Marxist & Communist phraseology}} {{Nationalism}}{{Discrimination}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Enemy Of The People}} [[Category:Communist repression]] [[Category:Communist terminology]] [[Category:French Revolution]] [[Category:Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party]] [[Category:Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Nationalism]] [[Category:Political repression]] [[Category:Political repression in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Totalitarianism]] [[Category:Trumpism]] [[Category:Soviet phraseology]]