{{short description|Commercial classifications of trucks}} {{about|commercial truck classifications|passenger car and pickup truck classifications|Car classifications}} {{Further|List of truck types}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
'''Truck classifications''' are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the [[truck]], typically using the [[gross vehicle weight rating]] (GVWR) and sometimes also the [[gross trailer weight rating]] (GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hu |first1=Haoran |last2=Baseley |first2=Simon |last3=Song |first3=Xubin |title=Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles |date=14 April 2021 |publisher=SAE International |isbn=978-1-4686-0136-7 |pages=4–5 |language=en}}</ref> {{TOC limit}}
==United States== In the United States, commercial truck classification is determined based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). The classes are numbered 1 through 8.{{R|"USDOE1"|"NTEA1"}} Trucks are also classified more broadly by the [[Federal Highway Administration]] (FHWA), which groups classes 1 and 2 as ''light duty'', 3 through 6 as ''medium duty'', and 7 and 8 as ''heavy duty''. The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) has a separate system of emissions classifications for trucks.{{R|"USDOE1"|"USEPA2"}} The [[United States Census Bureau]] also assigned classifications in its Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bts.gov/vius |title=Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) |publisher=[[Bureau of Transportation Statistics]] |location=US |date=2024-06-13 |access-date=2024-10-11}}</ref> (formerly Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS)).{{R|"USCB1"}}
United States federal law requires drivers to have a [[commercial driver's license]] (CDL) to operate heavy-duty vehicles (Class 7 and 8) in commerce, with the exception of [[emergency vehicle|emergency vehicles]] and vehicles strictly used for [[recreational vehicle|recreational]] and/or [[Agriculture|agricultural]] purposes, though it allows states to require a CDL for these vehicles under their discretion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/commercial-drivers-license/may-state-require-persons-operating-recreational-vehicles |title=May a State require persons operating recreational vehicles or other CMVs used by groups of people, including family members, for non-business purposes to have a CDL? |publisher=[[Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration|FMCSA]] |location=US |date=2019-03-01 |access-date=2022-06-19}}</ref> A CDL is also required to operate any vehicle that transports at least 16 passengers (including the driver) or hazardous materials requiring placards under federal and state law regardless of the weight of the vehicle.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/commercial-drivers-license/drivers |title=Drivers |publisher=[[Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration|FMCSA]] |location=US |date=2022-02-08 |access-date=2022-06-19}}</ref> {{R|"USDOE1"|"USDOT2"|"ChanginGears1"}} States may extend CDL requirements for additional vehicles, for example, [[New York (State)|New York]] requires a CDL to operate a [[Limousine#Stretch_limousines|stretched limousine]] and [[California]] requires a CDL for any vehicle with three or more [[axle]]s that has a [[Vehicle weight#gross vehicle weight rating|gross vehicle weight rating]] of over 6,000 pounds.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dmv.ny.gov/about-dmv/stretch-limo-drivers-and-cdl-licenses | title=Stretch limo drivers and CDL licenses | date=July 8, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/driver-licenses-identification-cards/commercial-driver-licenses-cdl/commercial-driver-license-classes-certifications/ | title=Commercial Driver's License Classes & Certifications }}</ref>
===Table of US GVWR classifications=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! US truck class !! Duty classification !! data-sort-type="number" | Weight limit {{R|"USDOE1"|"HeavyDutyTrucking1"}} !! Examples |- | Class 1 || Light duty || {{convert|0|-|6000|lb}} || [[Chevrolet Colorado|Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon]], [[Ford Ranger]], [[Honda Ridgeline]] FWD,{{R|"WRC1"}} [[Jeep Gladiator (JT)|Jeep Gladiator]], [[Nissan Navara|Nissan Navara/Frontier]], [[Toyota Tacoma]] <!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 2a || Light duty || {{convert|6001|–|8500|lb}} || [[Chevrolet Silverado|Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra]] 1500, [[Ford F-150]], [[Honda Ridgeline]] AWD,{{R|"WRC1"|"TruckTrend1"|"USEPA1"}} [[Ram Pickup|Ram 1500]], [[Nissan Titan]], [[Toyota Tundra]] <!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 2b || Light duty|| {{convert|8501|–|10000|lb}} || [[Chevrolet Silverado|Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra]] 2500, [[Ford F-250]], [[Nissan Titan| Nissan Titan XD]], [[Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)|Ram 2500]],{{R|"WRC1"|"TruckTrend1"|"USEPA1"}} [[Tesla Cybertruck]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hareyan |first1=Armen |title=DOT Releases Cybertruck VIN Decoder Revealing Surprising Information |url=https://www.torquenews.com/1/dot-releases-cybertruck-vin-decoder |website=Torque News |date=October 21, 2023 |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> <!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 3 || Medium duty || {{convert|10001|–|14000|lb}} || [[Chevrolet Silverado|Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra]] 3500, [[Ford F-350]], [[Ford F-450]] (pickup only), [[Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)|Ram 3500]], [[Isuzu Elf|Isuzu NPR]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Isuzu N-Series Diesel Trucks|url=https://www.isuzucv.com/en/nseries/nseries_diesel|access-date=2019-06-06|website=Isuzu Commercial Truck of America }}</ref> <!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 4 || Medium duty || {{convert|14001|–|16000|lb}} || [[Chevrolet Silverado#4500HD|Chevrolet Silverado 4500HD/International CV]], [[Ford F-450]] (chassis cab only), [[Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)|Ram 4500]],{{R|"WRC1"}} [[Isuzu Elf|Isuzu NPR-HD]]<ref name=":0" /> <!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 5 || Medium duty || {{convert|16001|–|19500|lb}} || [[Chevrolet Silverado#5500HD|Chevrolet Silverado 5500HD/International CV]], [[Ford F-550]], [[Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)|Ram 5500]], [[Isuzu Elf|Isuzu NRR]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Freightliner Business Class M2#M2 106V/112V|Freightliner Business Class M2 106]]<!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 6 || Medium duty || {{convert|19501|–|26000|lb}} || [[Chevrolet Silverado#6500HD|Chevrolet Silverado 6500HD/International CV]], [[Ford F-Series (medium duty truck)|Ford F-650]], [[Freightliner Business Class M2#M2 106V/112V|Freightliner Business Class M2 106]], [[International DuraStar|International MV]]{{R|"GMC1"}}<!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 7 || Heavy duty || {{convert|26001|–|33000|lb}} || [[Autocar Company#Current truck models|Autocar ACMD]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Purpose-built trucks engineered by the leading OEM dedicated to severe-duty trucks|url=https://www.autocartruck.com/acmd/|access-date=2020-11-20|website=Autocar Truck|language=en}}</ref> [[Freightliner Business Class M2#M2 106V/112V|Freightliner Business Class M2 106]], [[Ford F-750]],{{R|"ITD1"}} [[Hino 600|Hino 338]], [[International DuraStar|International MV]]<!-- keep the list of examples short --> |- | Class 8 || Heavy duty || {{convert|33001|-|80,000|lb}} and above ||[[Volvo VN|Volvo Truck VNL]]; [[Freightliner Cascadia]], [[Freightliner Business Class M2#M2 106V/112V|Business Class M2 112]], and [[Mercedes-Benz Econic|EconicSD]]; [[Ford F-750]]; [[Hino XL|Hino XL8]]; [[International ProStar|International LT]]; [[Mack Anthem]], [[Mack Granite|Granite]], [[Mack Pinnacle|Pinnacle]], and [[Mack TerraPro|TerraPro]]; [[Tesla Semi]]; [[Iveco S-Way#Nikola Tre|Nikola Tre]]; [[Peterbilt 379]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allstatepeterbilt.com/blog/peterbilt-379-performance-and-capabilities/|title=Peterbilt 379 Performance and Capabilities|date=17 March 2021}}</ref> [[The Shyft Group#Spartan Emergency Response Vehicles|Spartan]]; [[Ferrara Fire Apparatus|Ferrara]]; [[Kovatch Mobile Equipment Corp|KME custom fire apparatus]]<!-- keep the list of examples short --> |}
===Notes on weight classes===
===="Ton" rating==== When light-duty trucks were first produced in the United States, they were rated by their payload capacity in [[ton]]s: {{1/2}} (1000 pounds), {{3/4}} (1500 pounds) and 1-ton (2000 pounds). Ford had introduced the "One-Tonner" in 1938 to their line of trucks.<ref name="wagner">{{cite book |last=Wagner |first=James K. |title=Ford Trucks Since 1905 |location=US |publisher=Motorbooks International |year=1994}}</ref> The "Three-quarter-tonner" appeared in the Ford truck lineup in 1939.<ref name="wagner"/> Over time, payload capacities for most domestic pickup trucks have increased while the ton titles have stayed the same. The 1948 Ford F-1 had a [[Gross Vehicle Weight Rating]] (GVWR) of 4700 pounds.<ref name="ford1948">{{cite book |title=Ford Light Duty Truck brochure |publisher=Ford Motor Company |location=US |year=1948}}</ref> The truck was marketed with a "Nominal Tonnage Rating: Half-Ton."<ref name="ford1948" /> The actual cargo capacity had increased to 1450 pounds.<ref name="ford1948" /> Ford adopted this promotional nomenclature in 1948 to assist buyers, sellers, and users.<ref name="wagner" /> The now-imprecise ton rating has continued since the post World War II era to compare standard sizes, rather than actual capacities.<reF name="cars34ton">{{cite web |last=Bruzek |first=Joe |url=https://www.cars.com/articles/what-does-half-ton-three-quarter-ton-one-ton-mean-when-talking-about-trucks-1420690417808/ |title=What Does Half-Ton, Three-Quarter-Ton, One-Ton Mean When Talking About Trucks? |website=Cars.com |location=US |date=September 1, 2016 |access-date=2022-06-06}}</ref><ref name="mt34ton">{{cite web|access-date=2022-06-06|date=June 2, 2021|first=J|last=Gonderman|location=US|title=What Is a ¾-ton Truck?|url=https://www.motortrend.com/features/what-is-three-quarter-ton-truck/|website=Motor Trend}}</ref> In 1975, a change in U.S. emission laws required any vehicle under 6000 pounds GVWR to burn unleaded fuel. U.S. pickup truck manufacturers responded with a "heavy half" pickup of over 6000 pounds GVWR.<ref name="wagner"/> The F-150 had a capacity of over 2000 pounds, compared to 1500 pounds for the F-100.<ref name="ford1982">{{cite book |title='82 Ford F Series Pickups brochure |publisher=Ford Motor Company |location=US |year=1982}}</ref>
This has led to categorizing trucks similarly, even if their payload capacities are different. The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 1500, Ford F-150, Nissan Titan, Ram 1500, and Toyota Tundra are called "half-ton" pickups ({{1/2}}-ton). The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 2500, Ford F-250, and Ram 2500 are called "three-quarter-ton" pickups. The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 3500, Ford F-350, and Ram 3500 are known as "one ton" pickups.<ref name="mt34ton" />
Similar schemes exist for vans and SUVs (e.g. a 1-ton Dodge Van or a {{1/2}}-ton GMC Suburban), medium duty trucks (e.g. the 1{{1/2}}-ton Ford {{Nowrap|F-550}}) and some military vehicles, like the ubiquitous [[deuce-and-a-half]].
====Heavy duty pickup truck==== {{Main|Pickup truck#Design and features}}
Some [[pickup truck]]s may be marketed as heavy duty (eg [[Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)|Ram Heavy Duty]]), super duty (eg [[Ford Super Duty]]) or simply "HD". This is not to be confused with the [[truck]] classification of class 7 and 8 being heavy duty.
====Class 8==== The Class 8 truck [[gross vehicle weight rating]] (GVWR) is a vehicle with a GVWR exceeding {{cvt|33000|lb|kg|0}}.{{R|"USDOE1"}}<ref name=tt>{{cite web|url=http://www.trucktrend.com/roadtests/ultimate/163_0310_international_class_7_crew_cab |title=International Class 7 Crew Cab Pickup |publisher=Truck Trend |date=February 26, 2007 |access-date=April 9, 2012}}</ref> These include [[tractor trailer]] tractors, single-unit dump trucks of a GVWR over 33,000 lb, as well as non-commercial chassis fire trucks; such trucks typically have 3 or more axles.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gross |first1=Marilyn |last2=Feldman |first2=Richard |title=National Transportation Statistics (1997) |date=December 1998 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=978-0-7881-7504-6 |page=298 |language=en}}</ref> [[Semi-trailer truck|The typical 5-axle tractor-trailer combination]], also called a "[[Semi-trailer truck|semi]]" or "18-wheeler", is a Class 8 vehicle.<ref>{{cite news |title=Class 8 Truck Updates: The Industry and Hyundai XCIENT |url=https://truckdrivernews.com/class-8-truck-updates-the-industry-and-hyundai-xcient/ |work=truckdrivernews.com}}</ref> Standard trailers vary in length from {{cvt|8|ft|m}} containers to {{cvt|57|ft|m}} van trailers, with the most common length being the {{cvt|53|ft|m}} trailer.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rhodes |first1=Suzann S. |title=Guidebook for Understanding Urban Goods Movement |date=2012 |publisher=Transportation Research Board |isbn=978-0-309-21387-5 |page=14 |language=en}}</ref> Specialized trailers for oversized loads can be considerably longer. Commercial operation of a Class 8 vehicle in the United States requires either a Class-B CDL for non-combination vehicles, or a Class-A CDL for combination vehicles (tractor-trailers).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/commercial-drivers-license/drivers | title=Drivers | FMCSA }}</ref> Industries that generally use Class 8 trucks are long-distance freight transportation, construction, and heavy equipment moving.<ref>{{cite web |title=Truck Classifications |url=https://www.5startrucksales.us/truck-classifications/ |website=5 Star Truck Sales |date=September 26, 2024 }}</ref>
==Canada== [[File:Road train (27).jpg|thumb|53 foot container turnpike doubles]]
Vehicle classifications vary among provinces in Canada, due to "differences in size and weight regulations, economic activity, physical environment, and other issues".{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=3}} While several provinces use their own classification schemes for traffic monitoring, [[Manitoba]], [[Ontario]], [[Prince Edward Island]] and [[Saskatchewan]] have adopted the 13-class system from the United States' [[Federal Highway Administration]]—sometimes with modifications, or in Ontario's case, for limited purposes.{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=3–4}}{{Update after|2013|08|09}} [[British Columbia]] and Ontario also distinguish between short- and long-combination trucks.{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=3–4}}{{Update after|2013|08|09}} In accident reporting, eight jurisdictions subdivide trucks by GVWR into light and heavy classes at approximately {{gaps|4|500 kg}} ({{gaps|9|921 lb}}).{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=6}}
==European Union and United Kingdom== Vehicle categories on a [[European driving licence]] include (among others) '''B''' for general motor vehicles, '''C''' for large goods vehicles, '''D''' for large passenger vehicles (buses), and are limited by the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating and number of passenger seats.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lane |first1=Keith |title=Automotive A-Z: Lane's complete dictionary of automotive terms |date=22 November 2011 |publisher=Veloce Publishing Ltd |isbn=978-1-84584-419-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmDAx9JIzAIC&dq=categories+on+a+European+driving+licence&pg=PT80 |language=en}}</ref>
The general categories are further divided as follows: # appending the number '''1''' to the licence class C or D denotes the "light" versions of said class (e.g., Minibus, or medium truck). # appending the letter '''E''' allows for trailers of larger Gross Trailer Weight Rating (GTWR) than permitted by the standard licence category.
For the "trailer" categories, a separate driving test is generally required (e.g., "C", and "CE" require separate tests).
The classifications used on the [[International Driving Permit]] are similar to the European model.
The licence categories that deal with trucks are B and C: {{unbulleted list |'''Class B''' permits the use of vehicles with GVWRs of not more than {{gaps|3|500 kg}} plus a trailer with GTWR not exceeding {{gaps|750 kg}}; or, a trailer above this limit so long as the combined gross weight of car and trailer does not exceed {{gaps|3|500 kg}} (in some jurisdictions a higher combined weight limit of {{gaps|4|250 kg}} is permitted after a theoretical and practical course of seven hours, but this permission is not transferable between EU countries).
Class B covers both standard passenger cars of all sizes as well as vehicles that are specifically designed for transport of goods. The latter are commonly known as [[light commercial vehicle]]s (LCVs), and include vans such as the [[Ford Transit]], [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]] and [[Fiat Ducato]], as well as pickup trucks such as the [[Ford Ranger]] or [[Mitsubishi Triton]]. |'''Class BE''' allows a trailers of up to {{gaps|3|500 kg}} GTWR to be used while driving a class B vehicle. |'''Class C1''' raises the GVWR limit to {{gaps|7|500 kg}} and permits a trailer with GTWR not exceeding {{gaps|750 kg}}.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New European driving licence for more security, safety and free movement |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_13_10#:~:text=C1%3A%20motor%20vehicles%20%3E3500%20kg%20but%20%3C%207500%20kg |website=European Commission |date=2013-01-18 |access-date=2023-07-30}}</ref> |'''Class C''' removes the GVWR limit of Class C1, but the GTWR limit for the trailer of {{gaps|750 kg}} remains. (This often referred to as a "Rigid Heavy Goods Vehicle" or "Rigid truck" licence) |'''Class C1E''' allows for a class B or C1 vehicle and a trailer of more than {{gaps|750 kg}} GTWR, so long as the combined gross weight does not exceed {{gaps|12|000 kg}}. |'''Class CE''' removes all weight limits for a Class C vehicle with trailer. (known as an "Articulated Heavy Goods Vehicle", or often simply "HGV", licence ) }}
==List of truck types== {{main|List of truck types}} {{div col|colwidth=23em}} *[[Box truck]] *[[Cab over]] *[[Chassis cab|Cab chassis]] *[[Concrete mixer]] *[[Conversion van]] *[[Dump truck]] *[[Flatbed truck]] *[[Fire truck]] *[[Logging truck]] *[[Panel van]] *[[Aerial work platform#Vehicle-mounted|Platform truck]] *[[Pickup truck]] *[[Garbage truck|Refuse truck]] *[[Semi-trailer truck|Semi tractor]] *[[Tow truck]] {{div col end}}
==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed" heights="132px"> File:05-07 Toyota Tacoma Double Cab TRD.jpg|Class 1 Light duty [[Toyota Tacoma]] File:Ford Excursion 2001.jpg|Class 2 2001 Ford Excursion 4×4 (GVWR: {{convert|8600|lb|t}} File:'99-'04 Ford F-350.jpg|Class 3 Ford {{Nowrap|F-350}} File:2008FordF450.jpg | Class 4 2008 Ford {{Nowrap|F-450}} 4×4 pick-up truck (GVWR: {{convert|14500|lb|t}}) File:4x4 Kodiak.jpg|Class 5 2005 Chevy Kodiak 4×4 (GVWR: {{convert|17500|lb|t}}) File:Class 6 Fords.jpg|Class 6 2002 Ford {{Nowrap|F-650}} in front (GVWR: {{gaps|26|000 lb)}}, 1989 Ford {{Nowrap|F-600}} in back (GVWR: {{convert|20200|lb|t}} File:Peterbilt 330 dump with dirt tub dump body.JPG|Class 7 [[Peterbilt]] 330 [[dump truck]]. File:Kenworth_W900_semi_in_red.jpg|Class 8 [[Kenworth]] W900 tractor with spread-axle {{convert|48|ft|m|2|adj=on}} [[Refrigerator truck|refrigerated trailer]]. File:Western Star 6900 XD 6x4 2012 (15057838195).jpg|[[Western Star Trucks|Western Star]] 6900XD [[Tractor unit|tractor]]. </gallery>
==See also== {{Portal|Transport}} {{div col|colwidth=24em}} *[[Car classification]] *[[Vehicle size class]] *[[Corporate Average Fuel Economy]] (CAFE) *[[Commercial vehicle]] *[[Curb weight]] *[[Driver's license]] *[[Fifth wheel]] *[[Gross weight]]: **[[Gross axle weight rating]] (GAWR) **[[Gross combined weight rating]] (GCWR) **[[Gross trailer weight rating]] (GTWR) **[[Gross vehicle weight rating]] (GVWR) *[[Light commercial vehicle]] *[[Large goods vehicle]] *[[List of truck types]] *[[Semi-trailer]] *[[Tow hitch]] *[[Trailer (vehicle)|Trailer]] *[[Vehicle category]] {{div col end}}
==References== <references> <ref name="Clayton1">{{Citation |last1=Clayton |first1=Alan |last2=Montufar |first2=Jeannette |last3=Middleton |first3=Dan |last4=McCauley |first4=Bill |date=August 27–31, 2000 |title=Feasibility of a New Vehicle Classification System for Canada |journal=North American Travel Monitoring Exhibition and Conference (NATMEC) 2000 |url=http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10000/10041/096ppr.pdf |access-date=August 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041101190606/http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10000/10041/096ppr.pdf |archive-date=November 1, 2004 |quote=Furthermore, the fleet characteristics vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction across the country because of differences in size and weight regulations, economic activity, physical environment, and other issues. This has led to a wide variety of vehicle classification systems used by highway agencies and municipal authorities in their traffic monitoring programs.}}</ref>
<ref name="USDOE1">[http://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/tab/all/data_set/10380 Vehicle Weight Classes & Categories] from the United States Department of Energy</ref>
<ref name="USDOT2">[https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/ FHWA Vehicle Types] from the United States Department of Transportation</ref>
<ref name="USEPA1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101028101045/http://epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations/420b10039.pdf Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM) User Guide EPA 420-B-10-039]. United States Environmental Protection Agency, October 2010</ref>
<ref name="USEPA2">[https://archive.today/20130809081137/http://www.epa.gov/otaq/standards/weights.htm Vehicle Weight Classifications] from the United States Environmental Protection Agency</ref>
<ref name="USCB1">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/svsd/www/vius/products.html |title=Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey – Discontinued |publisher=Census.gov |date=June 30, 2015 |access-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905215157/https://www.census.gov/svsd/www/vius/products.html |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="NTEA1">[http://www.ntea.com/NTEA/Member_benefits/Technical_resources/Gross_Vehicle_Weight_Rating.aspx NTEA.com – Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) by Class]</ref>
<ref name="GMC1">https://www.aggz.com/en/blog/post/52-us-commercial-truck-classification-a-comprehensive-expert-curated-guide</ref>
<ref name="WRC1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrcog.cog.ca.us/downloads/050205%20Truck%20Type%20Appendix.pdf|access-date=March 12, 2018|title=Appendix: Truck Types and Classes|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152835/http://www.wrcog.cog.ca.us/downloads/050205%20Truck%20Type%20Appendix.pdf|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}(archived)</ref>
<ref name="TruckTrend1">{{cite web|url=http://www.trucktrend.com/roadtests/pickup/163_0412_2005_dodge_dakota/specs_overview.html |title=2005 Dodge Dakota Specifications, Fuel Economy & Overview |publisher=Truck Trend |date=February 26, 2007 |access-date=April 9, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="HeavyDutyTrucking1">{{cite web|url=http://nextexitlogistics.com/class-3-4-5-truck-model-roundup/ |title=Class 3-4-5 Truck Model Roundup |publisher=Nextexitlogistics.com |date=October 22, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="ChanginGears1">{{Citation |url=http://changingears.com/rv-sec-tow-vehicles-classes.shtml |title=Truck Classification |publisher=Changingears.com |date=March 28, 2009 |access-date=April 9, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="ITD1">{{Citation|author=Rik Hinton, Idaho Transportation Department |url=http://www.itd.idaho.gov/dmv/DriverServices/CDL.htm |title=Idaho Commercial Driver's License Program |publisher=Itd.idaho.gov |date=December 22, 2011 |access-date=April 9, 2012}}</ref> </references>
==External links== * [https://www.tocansoft.com/wiki/reducing-co2-emissions-from-heavy-duty-vehicles Reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles] ([[European Union]]) * [https://www.help.gv.at/Portal.Node/hlpd/public/content/4/Seite.040150.html Führerscheinklassen (Klassen der Lenkberechtigung)] {{in lang|de}} (trans.: Driving license classes)
[[Category:Trucks|Classification]] [[Category:Vehicle law]] [[Category:Vehicle classification]]