{{Short description|Federal civil service of Pakistan}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} {{Infobox official post | post = Central Superior Services | flag = Flag of Pakistan.svg | flagsize = 125px | insignia = State emblem of Pakistan.svg | insigniasize = 50px | flagcaption = [[Flag of Pakistan]] | insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of Pakistan]] | abbreviation = CSS | type = [[Civil service]] | formation = {{Start date|1973|09|26|df=y}} (current form) }} {{Politics of Pakistan}} The '''Central Superior Services''' ('''CSS''') is the [[civil service]] authority of [[Pakistan]] under the jurisdiction of the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani federal government]]. It is responsible for running the bureaucratic operations and government secretariats and directorates of the [[Cabinet of Pakistan]].<ref name="Government of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=Government Officials|title=Civil Service of Pakistan|url=http://www.css.com.pk/|work=Government of Pakistan|access-date=5 September 2012}}</ref> The [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] is the final authority on all matters regarding the civil service. CSS exam primarily recruits for the All-Pakistan Services.
The civil service defined itself as "key wheels on which the entire engine of the state has to move."<ref name="Government of Pakistan" /> Derived from the [[British Empire]] of the former [[Imperial Civil Service]], the civil service came into its modern formation immediately after the [[Creation of Pakistan|establishment]] of Pakistan as a "Civil Service of Pakistan".<ref name="District Management Group" /> During its time of formation, the bureaucracy produced [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] who would go on to become the [[President of Pakistan]]. It influenced many of the state's defence, internal, foreign and financial policies.<ref name="Geo Documentaries">{{cite web|title=Journey of System|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loGfx05ZCGY |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/loGfx05ZCGY |archive-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live|work=Geo Television Series|date=22 January 2011 |publisher=Geo Documentaries|access-date=5 September 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 1971, it was re-organized and reestablished under "Chapter I: Part-XII, Article 240" of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]] which gave it foundation and constitutional status.<ref name="Constitution of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=Constitution of Pakistan|title=Part XII: Chapter 1: Services (Miscellaneous Article 240)|url=http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch1.html|work=Constitution of Pakistan|access-date=5 September 2012}}</ref> The civil bureaucracy closely collaborated with the military establishments of [[Pakistani Armed Forces]] in issues concerning the national security.<ref name="District Management Group">{{cite web|last=Government of Pakistan|title=District Management Group|url=http://www.civilservice.com.pk/District-Management-Group.html|publisher=District Management Group|access-date=5 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501121745/http://civilservice.com.pk/District-Management-Group.html|archive-date=1 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The bureaucracy consists of 12 directorates that provide vital office and secretariat related duties to the [[Government of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|last=CSS|title=Directorates of Civil Services|url=http://www.css.com.pk/rules/index.htm|publisher=Government of Pakistan|access-date=5 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828022941/http://www.css.com.pk/rules/index.htm|archive-date=28 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The provincial bureaucracies are headed by the respective Chief Secretaries of [[Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Chief Secretary Sindh|Sindh]], [[Chief Secretary Punjab|Punjab]] and [[Chief Secretary Balochistan|Balochistan]]. The highest attainable rank for an officer who serves in the country's bureaucracy is [[Grade 22|BPS-22 grade]].
[[File:Pak Secretariat buildings,Islamabad by Usman Ghani.jpg|thumb|Pakistan Secretariat Buildings, [[Islamabad]]]]
The Civil Service of Pakistan selects only 7.5% of the applicants by [[Meritocracy|merit]], education, qualification and experience. In comparison, 92.5% are selected by a [[Quota System in Pakistan|quota system]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smadent.com/css-exam/|title=CSS Exam in Pakistan - All Information|website=smadent.com}}</ref> The civil service exams are competitive<ref name="Government of Pakistan" /> and provides equal opportunities to males and females, depending on their qualifications. The CSS Examinations are held at the start of every year. The [[Federal Public Service Commission]] conducts and supervises the exams. CSS exams have a reputation for a very low pass percentage. In 2020, the passing percentage was only 1.962. In 2021, only 364 (2.11%) of the 17,240 participants cleared the multi-staged exam. In 2022, the passing percentage decreased to 1.85%.In 2025 Out of 12,792 candidates who appeared, only 355 passed the written part,170 got recommended , 86 females and 84 males.Pass percentage stood at 1.32 with respect to recommended candidates and 2.77 with respect to appeared candidates <ref>https://www.fpsc.gov.pk/sites/default/files/Final-Result-CSS-2022.pdf {{dead link|date=May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/373319-css-exam-2021-fpsc-announces-result-for-written-part|title=CSS exam 2021: FPSC announces result for written part|date=30 September 2021|language=en-US|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>
==Constitutional structure==
The [[Constitution of Pakistan]] lays down separate services for the central government and the [[List of provincial governments of Pakistan|provincial governments]]. Although both types of governments are required to regulate their civil services through "Article 240 of Chapter I of Part XII", in case of the central reservation of the government and by the provisional assembly decrees for officers subjected in the legislative list of the provinces. The idea of civil service was established by the [[British Empire]] during the colonial period of the [[British Indian Empire]]. {{citation needed|date=March 2013}} It was derived into "Pakistan Civil Service" in 1947 and reorganized and re-established into its modern form in 1973. The Constitution of Pakistan describes the constitutional status as below:
{{quote|text=''' Appointment to service of Pakistan and conditions of service''': (a) in the case of the civil services of the Federation, posts in connection with the affairs of the Federation and Civil Services by the Parliament).<br>(b) in the case of the services of provinces, the posts in connection with the affairs of the Provinces, by an act of the Provincial Assembly.<br>'''Existing rules''': All rules and orders in force immediately before the commencing day shall, so far as consistent with the provisions of the Constitution.<br>''' Public Service Commission''': The Parliament in relation to the affairs of the Federation, and the Provincial Assemblies of the Provinces in relation to affairs of the Provinces, may, by law, provide for the establishment and constitution of a Public Service Commission.
|sign=Part XII: Chapter 1: Services and Miscellaneous [Article 240–242] |source=source<ref name="Constitution of Pakistan"/>}}
==Naming convention==
The Constitution of Pakistan does not set the legal name for the civil service, and there is no service named "Central Superior Services of Pakistan" (or CSS).<ref name="International Crises Group">{{cite journal | last =Editorial and Authorship reports and summaries | title = Reforming Pakistan's civil service | journal =Asia Report | volume =1 | issue =1 | pages =11–15 | publisher =International Crises Group | date =February 2010 | url = https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:kLinTxBTwnYJ:www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/pakistan/185%2520Reforming%2520Pakistans%2520Civil%2520Service.pdf+names+of+civil+service+of+Pakistan&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESifN3_jSZFQcPeMWpdbVI-u4VSsDmtUJSg_0E9GH_53Ex1DmLFKeSeBoy_AuBdyjT5294m7xhdykU3bUoTvDwIF_uxE5JkauKA1KqvYAm3qgTQCRjrno5qmhzjVwWgiV2DPitdu&sig=AHIEtbQLUOBZJP7IfSxNJYGoIa9ISwoTlA }} </ref> The constitution allowed the government-appointed officer and chairman of the [[Federal Public Service Commission]] of Pakistan to choose the name.<ref name="International Crises Group"/> The term "CSS" emerged during the first public examination of the civil service for the appointment on posts at officer entry-level in the occupational groups of All-Pakistan Unified Group (APUG).<ref name="International Crises Group"/> The Federal Public Service Commission holds the combined competitive exam annually under the title advertised as exam for "Central Superior Services"— the term of colonial days which survived reforms.<ref name="International Crises Group"/> Similarly, the use of the word "Central" instead of "Federal" as well as the term "Superior" is also the legacy of the past.<ref name="International Crises Group"/> These were relevant when there was central government under [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|1956 constitution]] and classes existed in the civil service.<ref name="International Crises Group"/> The 1973 constitution abolished all classes in the civil service as the concept of occupational groups was introduced.<ref name="International Crises Group"/>
==Act== Following the foundations laid in the Constitution, the federal government promulgated The Civil Servants Act, 1973 and each province enacted its own Civil Servants Acts. The law allows the civil service of the federation and provinces to be regulated as per rules notified under these enactments. Consequently, both governments have notified Civil Servants (Appointment, Transfer, and Promotion) Rules, 1974. These rules regulate the qualification and method (the way) of filling all posts. The posts at the initial officer level, i.e. BS-17, are classified to be filled by way of promotion or transfer and by direct recruitment under share fixed for each category. The recommendation for appointment in BS-17, under direct recruitment share, is done by the [[Federal Public Service Commission]], established under its law as a requirement of the Constitution. The rest of the posts reserved for departmental officers under promotion quota and posts under appointment by transfer are confined to officers inducted through a lateral entry or for hardship cases coming from the surplus pool. Practically, those appointed on posts in direct appointment quota in each occupational group through the CSS Exam have a natural advantage. They join service at a younger age than departmental officers and reach the highest slots. Since the number of direct officers at the entry-level is few, their quotas in posts in BS-18 to BS-22 are fixed on the higher side; therefore, their promotions are fast-paced. These arrangements make the civil service attractive for talented individuals and instil a sense of superiority and pride. Currently, CSS exams conducted by the Federal Public Service Commission include the following Occupational Groups.
# [[Pakistan Customs Services]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Civil Service of Pakistan |url=http://csspk.com/Customs_Group.htm |website=}}</ref> # [[Foreign Service of Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csspk.com/Foreign_Service_of_Pakistan.htm|title=Civil Service of Pakistan|website=|access-date=21 March 2006|archive-date=3 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303230039/http://csspk.com/Foreign_Service_of_Pakistan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> # [[Pakistan Administrative Service]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csspk.com/District_Management_Group.htm|title=Civil Service of Pakistan|website=|access-date=22 March 2006|archive-date=3 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303203640/http://csspk.com/District_Management_Group.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> # [[Police Service of Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csspk.com/Police_Service_of_Pakistan.htm|title=Civil Service of Pakistan|website=|access-date=21 March 2006|archive-date=3 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303203609/http://csspk.com/Police_Service_of_Pakistan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> # [[Commerce & Trade Group]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Civil Service of Pakistan |url=http://csspk.com/Commerce_Trade_Group.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303225617/http://csspk.com/Commerce_Trade_Group.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=22 March 2006 |website=}}</ref> # [[Inland Revenue Service (Pakistan)|Inland Revenue Service of Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csspk.com/Income_Tax_Group.htm|title=Civil Service of Pakistan|website=|access-date=22 March 2006|archive-date=3 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303203550/http://csspk.com/Income_Tax_Group.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> # Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service<ref>{{cite web |title=Accounts Group – Civil Service of Pakistan |url=http://csspk.com/Accounts%20_Group.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303203455/http://csspk.com/Accounts%20_Group.html |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=22 March 2006 |website=}}</ref> # Information Services of Pakistan<ref name="csspk.com">{{cite web|url=http://csspk.com/Information_Group.htm|title=Civil Service of Pakistan|website=|access-date=22 March 2006|archive-date=3 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303225607/http://csspk.com/Information_Group.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> # Military Lands & Cantonment Group # [[Office Management Group|Office Management and Secretariat Group]] # Postal Group<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csspk.com/Postal_Group.htm|title=Civil Service of Pakistan|website=|access-date=22 March 2006|archive-date=3 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303203619/http://csspk.com/Postal_Group.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> # Railways (Commercial & Transport) Group<ref name="csspk.com"/>
==History of civil services in Pakistan== {{Rquote|right|... Civil Service is the backbone of the State. Governments are formed. Governments are defeated; Prime Ministers come and go; Ministers come and go; but you stay on, and therefore, there is a very great responsibility placed on your shoulders ...|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Founder of Pakistan]] |source<ref name=" District Management Group"/>}} Civil Bureaucracy is a colonial legacy in this part of the world. The British used to rule the native population through [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS) and most of the officers in ICS were British themselves. It was in the early 20th century that the Indians also started competing against the British and many Indians eventually made it to the ICS. With the independence of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, the term 'Central Superior Services' was used in Pakistan, and the concept of All-Pakistan Services continued. The latter consisted of the Civil Service of Pakistan and the Police Service of Pakistan, whereas the Central Services included the Pakistan Foreign Service and a broad category of Finance and other services. The Finance category included the Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service, Pakistan Railway Accounts Service, Pakistan Military Accounts Service, Pakistan Taxation Service, and the Pakistan Customs and Excise Service. Other central services included the Pakistan Postal Service, Pakistan Military Land and Cantonment Service, Central Secretariat Service, and Central Information Service. Each of these services had its own cadre and composition rules, specifying the total cadre strength in terms of its number of positions.
With the Civil Services Reforms of 1973, a new system of the common training program was introduced and all of these occupational groups (12 at that time) were required to go through a mandatory combined training at Civil Services Academy, Lahore. The batch of officers who attended the Civil Service Academy in 1973 is recognized as "1st Common". Up till 5th Common, the allocation of occupational groups was done after the culmination of the Common Training Program but from 6th Common onwards this task has also been assumed by Federal Public Service Commission. Even to this day, it is an official procedure that once the Probationary Officers successfully complete their common training program then they undergo some further Specialized Training Program (STP) in their own professional academies.
==Pakistan Administrative Service== The [[Pakistan Administrative Service]], previously known as the ''' District Management Group''' before 1 June 2012, is an elite cadre of the [[Civil Service of Pakistan]].<ref name=Dawn>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1108378 |author=Malik Asad|date=25 May 2014|title=Boon for PAS (Pakistan Administrative Service) angers other civil service groups|publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> The Pakistan Administrative Service over the years has emerged as the most consolidated and developed civil institution, with the senior Pakistan Administrative Service officers of [[grade 22]] often seen as stronger than the government ministers. The service of Pakistan Administrative Service is very versatile in nature and officers are assigned to different departments all across Pakistan during the course of their careers. Almost all of the country's high-profile bureaucratic positions such as the [[Federal Secretary|federal secretaries]], the [[Chief Secretary (Pakistan)|provincial chief secretaries]] and chairmen of top-heavy organizations like the [[National Highway Authority (Pakistan)|National Highway Authority]], [[Trading Corporation of Pakistan]] and [[State Life Insurance Corporation]] usually belong to the elite Pakistan Administrative Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1418959|title=Is the bureaucracy politically neutral during elections?|first=Sameen|last=Ali|date=July 2018|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1802587/1-bureaucrats-call-equal-representation/|title=Bureaucrats call for equal representation|date=13 September 2018|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>
==Armed forces and civil services of Pakistan== Commissioned officers of [[Pakistan Army]], [[Pakistan Air Force]] and [[Pakistan Navy]] have a quota of 10% in all service groups of the Central Superior Services. Still, historically, they have only joined the [[Pakistan Administrative Service]] (previously known as the District Management Group), Office Management Group, Foreign Service of Pakistan, and [[Police Service of Pakistan]]. Usually officers who join the civil services are of the rank of Captain / Lieutenant / Flight Lieutenant (equivalent to BPS-17 grade).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/icms/admin/documents/publications/Newsletter%2025th%20Edition.pdf|title = FPSC Newsletter|access-date = 14 July 2015|website = FPCS|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015042/http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/icms/admin/documents/publications/Newsletter%2025th%20Edition.pdf|archive-date = 24 September 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> Rank are shortlisted by respective Services Headquarters and selected against this quota after the interview process. The interviews are conducted by a committee headed by the Chairman of the Federal Public Service Commission, the same as in the case of regular candidates. Only the written exam is waived.
==Reform of civil services== Even though the Civil Services of Pakistan have been still running on the pattern set out by [[British Raj]] (no major change has been performed), the [[Musharraf]] government started a major reform process. The task was to be performed by the National Commission of Government Reforms (NCGR) under the chairmanship of Dr. [[Ishrat Hussain]], the former governor of [[State Bank of Pakistan]]. The final report published in September 2007 stated that four CSS cadres, i.e., Pakistan Railway Service, Pakistan Postal Service, Commerce and Trade Group, and the Information Service of Pakistan, should be axed. According to the recommendation, the Postal and Railway Service should be made autonomous commercial bodies, and Commerce and Trade and Information Services should be suspended till further notice. The report also highlighted broad changes in the examination system, with the recommendation that a [[personality test]] be made part of the selection process.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Syed Hamzah Saleem Gilani|title=Reforming the Civil Services of Pakistan|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/opinion/23-Feb-2015/reforming-the-civil-services-of-pakistan|access-date=2 February 2016|agency=Daily Times Pakistan|date=23 February 2015}}</ref>
===2016 onwards reforms=== The civil services reforms have been under consideration, and the Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms [[Ahsan Iqbal]] has announced that the upper age limit would be increased to 30 years instead of 28 for taking the Central Superior Services (CSS) examination from 2017 onwards.;<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hassaan Ahmed|title=Proposed CSS reforms get the nod of approval from relevant quarters|url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/01/03/news/proposed-css-reforms-get-nod-of-approval-from-relevant-quarters/|access-date=2 February 2016|agency=[[Pakistan Today]]|date=3 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Abrar Saeed|title=Govt decides to modify CSS exam, training|url=http://nation.com.pk/editors-picks/10-Sep-2015/govt-decides-to-modify-css-exam-training|access-date=2 February 2016|agency=The Nation|publisher=|date=10 September 2015}}</ref> whereas the increase educational qualification by 14 to 16 years.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mehtab Haider|title=Educational qualification for CSS to be enhanced to 16 years, age limit by two years|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/85584-Educational-qualification-for-CSS-to-be-enhanced-to-16-years-age-limit-by-two-years|access-date=3 February 2016|agency=|publisher=[[The News International]]|date=1 January 2016}}</ref> The CSS Aspirants collected funds from their pocket money. They filed a petition for age relaxation in the Lahore High Court and Peshawar High Court.<ref>{{cite news|last1=|title=CSS age limit|url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/11/16/comment/editors-mail/css-age-limit-7/#comment-278208|access-date=2 February 2016|agency=[[Pakistan Today]]|date=16 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Arguments in favour of age relaxation for CSS|url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/11/19/comment/editors-mail/arguments-in-favour-of-age-relaxation-for-css/|access-date=2 February 2016|agency=[[Pakistan Today]]|date=19 November 2012}}</ref>
On 2 August 2016, the [[Planning Commission (Pakistan)|Planning Commission]] announced plans to restructure the examination process by dividing the Civil Superior Services (CSS) under three cluster programs comprising three categories including General, Finance, and Information by abolishing the existing generalized system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/139378-Govt-considering-to-conduct-CSS-exams-in-three-categories|title=Govt considering to conduct CSS exams in three categories|website=|access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref> The plan would come into effect from 2018 and would require participants to possess a four-year [[bachelor's degree]] in a relevant discipline, for information cluster, a degree in mass communication, journalism or information science will be required, while for finance cluster a degree in economics, finance or related discipline will be required.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/13871-all-set-for-cluster-based-css-exams|title=All set for cluster-based CSS exams|website=|access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://video.dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/mustwatch/52305/Breaking-News:-Federal-government-introduces-three-cluster-program-for-CSS#.V7cLAJN97GI|title=Breaking News: Federal government introduces three cluster program for CSS |date=14 February 2008 |access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref>
On 1 January 2016, the Planning Commission began phasing out the Annual Confidential Report (ACRs) with the key performance indicators (KPIs) to determine the promotions of civil servants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/85584-Educational-qualification-for-CSS-to-be-enhanced-to-16-years-age-limit-by-two-years|title=Educational qualification for CSS to be enhanced to 16 years, age limit by two years|website=|access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref>
In 2019, the Prime Minister has constituted an Institutional Reforms cell (IRC) under the Cabinet Division. This cell is working under the chairmanship of Ishrat Hussain. The cell forces Federal Departments to acquire autonomous status, but the departments resist on multiple grounds.
==CSS Examination and statistics== The CSS examination is extremely competitive; for every one aspirant selected, there are 200 who are not; in 2015, more than 36000 candidates competed for 158 posts as compared to 2011, when approximately 19,000 candidates participated in the open public examination of the civil service; only 8.0% of them were qualified for 188 government jobs. In 2019, a total of 14,521 candidates appeared in the exam, out of which only 214 (1.47%) were finally recommended by the [[Federal Public Service Commission]] for various posts under the federal government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/155873/a-guide-to-the-css-want-to-change-pakistan-try-joining-the-government-as-an-honest-bureaucrat/ |title=A guide to the CSS: Want to change Pakistan? Try joining the government as an honest bureaucrat |first= M. A. |publisher=[[The Express Tribune]] |last=Siddiqi |date=25 April 2011}}</ref>
CSS exams are held every year in the entire country. These are conducted by the [[Federal Public Service Commission]] of Pakistan, which also posts successful candidates to various civil service departments.
Only candidates between 21 and 30 years old can apply for CSS Exam. A candidate can appear for a maximum of three attempts. After 2020 FPSC has introduced MPT in order to shortlist the candidates before actual exams. It has been done 2 times till now 2023. The CSS Exam has two major parts: a written test, which takes place in February or March, and a panel interview, which takes place in November. In the first part, the FPSC tests the students in 12 different subjects. Six subjects are compulsory, and 6 are optional. Candidates can choose six subjects of their own choice from many different options. There is a total of 1200 marks
==See also== * [[Civil Services Academy]] * [[Police Service of Pakistan]] * [[Pakistan Administrative Service]] * [[Federal Secretary]] * [[Establishment Secretary of Pakistan]] * [[Chief Secretary Punjab]] * [[Chief Secretary Sindh]] * [[Chief Secretary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] * [[Chief Secretary Balochistan]] *[[Deputy Commissioner (Pakistan)|Deputy Commissioner]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080808133850/http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/ Official Website]
[[Category:Civil service of Pakistan| ]] [[Category: Standardised tests in Pakistan]] [[Category:1973 establishments in Pakistan]]