Cipinang River

{{Short description|River in Indonesia}} {{Infobox river | name = Cipinang River | name_other = Kali Cipinang, Cipinang, Kali Tjipinang, Tjipinang | name_etymology =  | image = Map of rivers and canals in Jakarta 2012.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Cipinang River ("''K. Cipinang''"), bottom right in the map of rivers and canals of Jakarta (2012) | map = | map_size = 285 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Indonesia Java#Indonesia | pushpin_map_size = 285 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth  | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Indonesia | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Jakarta | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 =  | length = {{convert|37.68|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max =  | source1 = | source1_location = Depok, West Java | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Banjir Kanal Timur, Sunter River | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-6.21252|106.89569|type:river_region:ID|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The '''Cipinang River''' is a river in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia.<ref>{{cite book |title = Banjir Ibukota: Tinjauan Historis Dan Pandangan Ke Depan: Serangkaian Pemikiran Strategi Terpadu Jangka Panjang |first = Abdoel Raoef|last = Soehoed |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e3baAAAAMAAJ&q=cipinang |publisher = Djambatan |year = 2002 |id = {{ISBN|978-979-428-449-0}}, 9794284491 |page = 30 }}</ref> The Cipinang River is a tributary of the Sunter River,<ref name=bbwsciliwung/> conjoining near I Gusti Ngurah Rai Street and Cipinang Muara Ilir Street, Jakarta,<ref>[http://www.geonames.org/1631140/ci_pinang.html Kali Cipinang] - Geonames.org.</ref> but in the middle, it is cut by the beginning of Banjir Kanal Timur, near Cipinang Besar Selatan Street and IPN Street, Jakarta.<ref>[http://www.openstreetmap.org/way/489766190#map=17/-6.22946/106.88040 Way: Kali Cipinang (489766190) OpenStreetMap].</ref> The river flows mainly in the district of Makassar, East Jakarta, with many houses built on both banks.<ref name=cnnid/>

==History== Cipinang River is upstream in Depok, West Java, and flows to the direction of Banjir Kanal Timur and Sunter River. Its water used to be very clear, and the local people utilized it for bathing before more people settled there. There were many types of fish found along the river: tilapia, Java barb, and catfish.<ref name=keindahan/> Its width reached seven meters with a depth of four meters.<ref name=keindahan/>

However, in the last ten years, more houses were erected on both banks. The river became narrower and its water quality was neglected until it turned black and heavily polluted from various industrial sources.<ref name=keindahan/> Former ponds on its banks were turned into trash collection mounds. Therefore, during the rainy season, the river often causes flooding in the surrounding area.<ref name=keindahan/> According to the residents, the worst flood was in 2015. In January 2017, after the normalization was initiated, the condition improved, but the flooding still happened.<ref>{{in lang|id}} [https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3397194/sekitar-kali-cipinang-masih-banjir-ahok-normalisasi-belum-selesai Sekitar Kali Cipinang Masih Banjir, Ahok: Normalisasi Belum Selesai] - Bisma Alief Laksana, detik.com - 16 Jan 2017.</ref>

==Hydrology== The Cipinang has a length of {{convert|37.68|km}}, with a watershed area (Indonesian: ''Daerah Pengaliran Sungai'') of 57.45 km2.<ref name=bbwsciliwung/> The average daily rainfall is 136 mm, with the peak debit at 85 m3.<ref name=bbwsciliwung>{{in lang|id}} BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane. ''Pengendalian Banjir dan Perbaikan Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane'' (PBPS CC). https://konservasidasciliwung.wordpress.com/kebijakan-tentang-ciliwung/bbws-ciliwung-cisadane/ Archived in ''Konservasi DAS Ciliwung''] - April 2012.</ref>

==Geography== The river flows in the northwest area of Java with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as ''Af'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).<ref name = "koppen">{{Cite journal | title = Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html| year = 2007| journal = Hydrology and Earth System Sciences| volume = 11 | date =| doi = 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007| first1 =M C| first2 = B L| first3 = T A| last1 = Peel| last2 = Finlayson| last3 =McMahon| doi-access = free}}</ref> The annual average temperature in the area is 28 °C. The warmest month is September when the average temperature is around 31 °C, and the coldest is May, at 26 °C.<ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|date= 30 January 2016|publisher= NASA|access-date= 1 November 2017|archive-date= 6 August 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130806035941/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|url-status= dead}}</ref> The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm of rainfall.<ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web|url = http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title = NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|date = 30 January 2016|publisher = NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission|access-date = 1 November 2017|archive-date = 19 April 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190419091014/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|url-status = dead}}</ref>

== Rehabilitation == In 2014 the Jakarta government started the rehabilitation of the Cipinang, from Cibubur to Banjir Kanal Timur. Measurements have been carried out since 2018. The river was widened to 12 meters with a depth of 3 meters.<ref name=keindahan>[http://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2015/09/14/19154731/Keindahan.Alam.Kali.Cipinang.yang.Hilang.Setelah.Jadi.Gunung.Sampah. Keindahan Alam Kali Cipinang yang Hilang Setelah Jadi Gunung Sampah] - Robertus Belarminus, Kompas.com - 14 Sep 2015.</ref> The accumulated garbage was never removed for 30 years until finally, it was transported completely under the instruction of Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama on 13 September 2015.<ref>[http://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2015/09/14/12580081/30.Tahun.Sampah.Menggunung.di.Cipinang.Akhirnya.Diangkut 30 Tahun Sampah Menggunung di Cipinang Akhirnya Diangkut] - Kompas.com - 14 Sep 2015.</ref><ref>[http://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2015/09/14/17574971/Ahok.Sebut.Malu-maluin.Sampah.Kali.Cipinang.Baru.Diangkut. Ahok Sebut "Malu-maluin" Sampah Kali Cipinang Baru Diangkut...] - Kurnia Sari Aziza, Kompas.com - 14 Sep 2015.</ref> For the rehabilitation of water flow, some residents had to be moved, and the government bought the houses and lands along the banks. The government of Jakarta put much effort into this rehabilitation to free East Jakarta from future flooding.<ref name=cnnid>[https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20160427123230-20-126923/pemda-dki-genjot-normalisasi-kali-cipinang/ Pemda DKI Genjot Normalisasi Kali Cipinang] - Aghnia Adzkia, CNN Indonesia - 27 Apr 2016.</ref>

== See also ==

* List of drainage basins of Indonesia

==Notes and references== {{Reflist|30em}}

Category:Landforms of Jakarta Category:Rivers of Jakarta Category:Sunter basin