{{for|the language|Nivaclé language}} {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Nivaclé |image = [[File:Chulupi (Nivaclé) bag - South American objects in the American Museum of Natural History - DSC06043.JPG|250px]] |caption = Nivaclé woven pouch, [[American Museum of Natural History|AMNH]] |population = 15,000–25,000 (2007)<ref name=nf>[http://www.nivaclefoundation.org/about_the_nivacle.htm "Introduction."] ''Nivaclé Foundation.'' Retrieved 3 July 2012.</ref> |region1 = {{flag|Paraguay}} |pop1 = 13,700 <small>(1991)</small> <ref name=ethno>[http://www.ethnologue.com/15/show_language.asp?code=cag "Nivaclé."] ''Ethnologue.'' Retrieved 3 August 2012.</ref> |region2 = {{flag|Argentina}} |pop2 = 878 <small>(2022)</small> <ref name='Censo 2022'>{{cite news |access-date=8 March 2024 |agency=INDEC |title=Censo 2022 |trans-title=Census 2022 |url=https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel4-Tema-2-41-165|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, República Argentina}}</ref> |region3 = {{flag|Bolivia}} |pop3 = 100 <ref name=every/> |languages = [[Nivaclé language|Nivaclé]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]<ref name=ethno/> |religions = [[Animism]], [[Christianity]] |related = }}
The '''Nivaclé''' are an [[Indigenous people of the Gran Chaco]]. An estimated 13,700 Nivaclé people live in the [[Presidente Hayes Department|President Hayes]] and [[Boquerón Department]]s in Paraguay, while approximately 200 Nivaclé people live in the [[Salta Province]] of Argentina.<ref name=ethno/> A very small number of Nivaclé live in [[Tarija, Bolivia]]. [[File:A._indianer_dansa._Dansen_är_en_demonstration_på_dagen_för_att_möjliggöra_fotografering_-_SMVK_-_004689.tif|thumb|Nivaclé people dancing 1908.]] In the last 50 years, 15,000 [[Mennonite]]s from Canada, Russia, and Germany have settled in traditional Nivaclé territory.<ref name=nf/>
==Groups== They have five subgroups, which are as follows: * Tovoc Lhavos, river people: Chishamnee Lhavos, people from above * Tovoc Lhavos, river people: Shichaam Lhavos, people from below * Yita' Lhavos, forest people; this group is also known as C’utjaan Lhavos ‘people of the thorns’) * Jotoi Lhavos, people of the [[esparto grass]] * Tavashai Lhavos, people of the savanna.<ref name=every>[http://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Nivacl-Orientation.html "Nivaclé - Orientation."] ''Countries and Their Cultures.'' Retrieved 3 August 2012.</ref>
==Name== Nivaclé is an autonym, meaning "human."<ref name=every/> They are also known as the Ashlushlay {{IPA|[aɬuɬaj]}},<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Gutiérrez |first=Analía |date=2015 |others=University Of British Columbia |title=Segmental and prosodic complexity in Nivaĉle : laryngeals, laterals, and metathesis |url=https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0166445 |language=en |doi=10.14288/1.0166445}}</ref> Axluslay, Chulupí, and Nivaklé people.<ref name=ethno/>
==Language== They speak the [[Nivaclé language]], which has two dialects: Forest Nivaclé and River Nivaclé. Nivaclé is one of the [[Mataco-Guaicuru languages]]. A dictionary has been published for the language, and the Bible was translated into Nivaclé in 1995.<ref name=ethno/>
==External links== {{Commons category|Nivaclé people}} {{commons category}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJuZuTt6Im4 ''Hombre de Guerra,''] documentary {{in lang|es}}
==Notes== {{reflist}}
{{Immigration to Argentina}} {{Ethnic groups in Bolivia}} {{Ethnic groups in Paraguay}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nivacle People}} [[Category:Indigenous peoples in Argentina]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples in Bolivia]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples of the Gran Chaco]]