Chrysolina

{{short description|Genus of beetles}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Chrysolina polita01.jpg | image_alt = "Chrysolina polita" | image_caption = ''Chrysolina polita'' | taxon = Chrysolina | authority = Motschulsky, 1860 | display_parents = 4 | type_species = ''Chrysomela staphylea'' | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Subgenera | subdivision = *''Allochrysolina'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Allohypericia'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Anopachys'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Apterosoma'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Arctolina'' Kontkanen, 1959 *''Atechna'' Chevrolat, 1836 *''Atlasiana'' Bourdonne & Doguet, 1991 *''Bechynia'' Bourdonne, 1977 *''Bittotaenia'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Cecchiniola'' Jacobson, 1908 *''Centoptera'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Chalcoidea'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Chersomela'' Weise, 1914 *''Chrysocrosita'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Chrysolina'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Chrysolinopsis'' Bechyné, 1950 *''Chrysomorpha'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Colaphodes'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Colaphoptera'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Colaphosoma'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Crositops'' Marseul, 1883 *''Cyrtochrysolina'' Kippenberg in Kippenberg & Döberl, 1994 *''Diachalcoidea'' Bechyné, 1955 *''Erythrochrysa'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Euchrysolina'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Ghesquiereita'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Gnathomela'' Jacobson, 1895 *''Heliostola'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Hypericia'' Bedel, 1898 *''Hypochalcoidea'' Bourdonne, 2012 *''Jeanclaudia'' Mikhailov, 2009 *''Liomela'' Weise, 1912 *''Lithopteroides'' Strand, 1935 *''Lopatinica'' Kippenberg, 2012 *''Maenadochrysa'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Medvedevlevna'' Özdikmen, 2008 *''Melasomoptera'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Naluhia'' Bechyné, 1948 *''Omolina'' Weise in Sjöstedt, 1909 *''Ovosoma'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Ovostoma'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Palaeosticta'' Bechyné, 1952 *''Paracrosita'' Daccordi, 1982 *''Paramenthastriella'' Daccordi, 1980 *''Pezocrosita'' Jacobson, 1901 *''Pierryvettia'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Pleurosticha'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Polystictella'' Bechyné, 1952 *''Pseudocrosita'' Lopatin, 1999 *''Pseudolithoptera'' Medvedev, 1970 *''Pseudotimarchomima'' Daccordi, 1980 *''Rhyssoloma'' Wollaston, 1854 *''Semenowia'' Weise, 1889 *''Sibiriella'' Medvedev, 1999 *''Sphaerochrysolina'' Kippenberg, 2010 *''Sphaeromela'' Bedel, 1901 *''Stichoptera'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Sulcicollis'' Sahlberg, 1913 *''Synerga'' Weise, 1900 *''Taeniochrysea'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Taeniosticha'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Threnosoma'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Timarchida'' Ganglbauer, 1897 *''Timarcholina'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Timarchomela'' Achard, 1922 *''Timarchoptera'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Upseleatlasia'' Bourdonne, 2012 *''Vittatochrysa'' Lopatin, 1977 *''Zeugotaenia'' Motschulsky, 1860 | subdivision_ref = <ref name="Chrysolinaworld2019">{{cite book|last=Bieńkowski|first=A.O.|year=2019|title=Chrysolina of the world – 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339107008|place=Livny|publisher=Mukhametov G.V. Publ.|isbn=978-5-904246-82-2}}</ref> | diversity_link = List of Chrysolina species | diversity = at least 130 species | synonyms = *''Altailina'' Mikhailov, 2000 *''Anapachys'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Bechynea'' Medvedev, 1966 *''Bourdonneana'' Kippenberg in Löbl & Danilevsky, 2010 *''Camerounia'' Jolivet, 1949 *''Caudatochrysa'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Chesomela'' Weise, 1918 *''Cobosorina'' David, 1953 *''Colophodes'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Craspeda'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Dlochrysa'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Drochrysa'' Kimoto, 1964 *''Ghesquièreita'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Ghesquierita'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Ghesquièrita'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Hoplosoma'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Jacobsonia'' Medvedev, 1970 *''Lithoptera'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Litoptheroides'' Bechyne, 1950 *''Menthastriella'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Mimophaedon'' Bourdonne, 1996 *''Minckia'' Strand, 1935 *''Oreina'' Monros & Bechyne, 1956 *''Ovomorpha'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Pachygnatha'' Weise, 1892 *''Palaeostricta'' Seeno, 1976 *''Paradiachalcoida'' Daccordi, 1978 *''Paradiachalcoidea'' Daccordi, 1978 *''Parkaniola'' Bechyně, 1950 *''Pirryvittia'' Kimoto, 1964 *''Polysticha'' Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963 *''Polysticta'' Hope, 1840 *''Pseudotaeniochrysea'' Daccordi, 1980 *''Stichosoma'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Timarchomima'' Bechyně, 1950 | synonyms_ref = <ref>IRMNG (2018). ''Chrysolina'' Motschoulsky in Schrenck, 1860. Accessed at: http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1419344 on 2019-01-18</ref> }}

[[File:Chrysolina bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (2991758086).jpg|thumb|''Chrysolina bicolor'']] [[Image:Chrysolina5059975.06w.jpg|thumb|''C. hyperici'']] [[File:Chrysolina numida Reiche, 1864 (3502036144).jpg|thumb|''Chrysolina numida'']] [[File:Chrysolina quadrigemina6.JPG|thumbnail|''Chrysolina quadrigemina'']] '''''Chrysolina''''' is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. Most species are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa with a small number of species inhabiting North America (including introduced European ones) and introduced species in Australia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bieńkowski |first=Andrzej O.|date=2001 |title=A study on the genus Chrysolina MOTSCHULSKY, 1860, with a checklist of all the described subgenera, species, subspecies, and synonyms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) |journal=Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy |volume=12 |pages=105–235 |url=http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/cassidae/chrysolinachecklist.pdf |accessdate=2017-01-24 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192020/http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/cassidae/chrysolinachecklist.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The species ''Chrysolina cerealis'' and ''C. graminis'' are protected in the United Kingdom. All species of ''Chrysolina'' are phytophagous, feeding on specific food plants, and some of them have been used for biological control of weeds. To control ''Hypericum perforatum'' (St John's wort), ''C. hyperici'' was successfully naturalized in Australia in the 1930s<ref>W. T. Parsons, E. G. Cuthbertson. ''Noxious Weeds of Australia''. 2nd ed. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2001. {{ISBN|0-643-06514-8}}. P. 389.</ref><ref name="rc">Wilfred William Robbins, Alden Springer Crafts. ''Weed Control: A Textbook and Manual''. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1962. P. 137, 155, 162.</ref> and several species, especially ''C. quadrigemina'', were introduced to California in the late 1940s.<ref name="rc"/><ref>Huffaker, C. B. and C. E. Kennett (1959). A ten-year study of vegetation change associated with biological control of Klamath weed. ''Journal of Range Management'' 12: 69-82.</ref><ref>Peter Jay Morin. ''Community Ecology''. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. {{ISBN|0-86542-350-4}}. P. 106-107.</ref><ref>Gilbert Waldbauer. What Good are Bugs?: Insects in the Web of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-674-01027-2}}. P. 158.</ref><ref>Richard E. White. ''A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983. {{ISBN|0-395-91089-7}}. P. 296.</ref>

==Systematic classification of European species== *Order Coleoptera *:Suborder '''Polyphaga''' *::Superfamily '''Chrysomeloidea''' Latreille, 1802 *:::Family Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802 *::::Subfamily Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802 *:::::Genus ''Chrysolina'' Motschulsky, 1860 *::::::Subgenus ''Allochrysolina'' *:::::::''Chrysolina fuliginosa'' (Olivier, 1807) *:::::::''Chrysolina lepida'' (Olivier 1807) *::::::Subgenus ''Anopachys'' *:::::::''Chrysolina aurichalcea'' (Mannerheim, 1825) *:::::::''Chrysolina eurina'' (Frivaldszky, 1883) *:::::::''Chrysolina relucens'' (Rosenhauer, 1847) *:::::::''Chrysolina schatzmayri'' (Muller, 1916) *::::::Subgenus ''Arctolina'' *:::::::''Chrysolina septentrionalis'' (Menetries, 1851) *::::::Subgenus ''Bechynia'' *:::::::''Chrysolina milleri'' (Weise, 1884) *:::::::''Chrysolina philotesia'' Daccordi & Ruffo, 1980 *:::::::''Chrysolina platypoda'' (Bechyné, 1950) *:::::::''Chrysolina substrangulata'' Bourdonne, 1986 *::::::Subgenus ''Bittotaenia'' *:::::::''Chrysolina salviae'' (Germar, 1824) *::::::Subgenus ''Cecchiniola'' *:::::::''Chrysolina platyscelidina'' (Jacobson, 1898) *::::::Subgenus ''Centoptera'' *:::::::''Chrysolina bicolor'' (Fabricius, 1775) *::::::Subgenus ''Chalcoidea'' *:::::::''Chrysolina analis'' (Linnaeus, 1767) *:::::::''Chrysolina carnifex'' (Fabricius, 1792) *::::::::''Chrysolina carnifex melanaria'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina cinctipennis'' (Harold, 1874) *:::::::''Chrysolina curvilinea'' (Weise, 1884) *:::::::''Chrysolina hyrcana'' (Weise, 1884) *:::::::''Chrysolina interstincta'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina marginata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *:::::::''Chrysolina taygetana'' Bechyné, 1952 *::::::Subgenus ''Chrysolina'' *:::::::''Chrysolina bankii'' (Fabricius, 1775) *:::::::''Chrysolina costalis'' (Olivier, 1807) *:::::::''Chrysolina fortunata'' (Wollaston, 1864) *:::::::''Chrysolina obsoleta'' (Brulle, 1838) *:::::::''Chrysolina rufa'' (Duftschmid, 1825) *:::::::''Chrysolina staphylaea'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *:::::::''Chrysolina wollastoni'' Bechyné, 1957 *::::::Subgenus ''Chrysomorpha'' *:::::::''Chrysolina cerealis'' (Linnaeus, 1767) *::::::Subgenus ''Colaphodes'' *:::::::''Chrysolina haemoptera'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *::::::Subgenus ''Colaphoptera'' *:::::::''Chrysolina globosa'' (Panzer, 1805) *:::::::''Chrysolina pliginskii'' (Reitter, 1913) *:::::::''Chrysolina purpurascens'' (Germar, 1822) *::::::Subgenus ''Colaphosoma'' *:::::::''Chrysolina sturmi'' (Westhoff, 1882) *::::::Subgenus ''Craspeda'' *:::::::''Chrysolina jenisseiensis'' (Breit, 1920) *:::::::''Chrysolina limbata'' (Fabricius, 1775) *::::::Subgenus ''Cyrtochrysolina'' *:::::::''Chrysolina marcasitica'' (Germar, 1824) *::::::Subgenus ''Erythrochrysa'' *:::::::''Chrysolina polita'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *::::::Subgenus ''Euchrysolina'' *:::::::''Chrysolina graminis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *:::::::''Chrysolina virgata'' (Motschulsky, 1860) *::::::Subgenus ''Heliostola'' *:::::::''Chrysolina carpathica'' (Fuss, 1856) *:::::::''Chrysolina lichenis'' (Richter, 1820) *:::::::''Chrysolina schneideri'' (Weise, 1882) *::::::Subgenus ''Hypericia'' *:::::::''Chrysolina brunsvicensis'' (Gravenhorst, 1807) *:::::::''Chrysolina corcyria'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina cuprina'' (Duftschmid, 1825) *:::::::''Chrysolina didymata'' (Scriba, 1791) *:::::::''Chrysolina geminata'' (Paykull, 1799) *:::::::''Chrysolina hyperici'' (Forster, 1771) *:::::::''Chrysolina quadrigemina'' (Suffrian, 1851) *::::::Subgenus ''Maenadochrysa'' *:::::::''Chrysolina affinis'' (Fabricius, 1787) *:::::::''Chrysolina aveyronenesis'' Bechyné, 1950 *:::::::''Chrysolina baetica'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina femoralis'' (Olivier, 1790) *::::::Subgenus ''Melasomoptera'' *:::::::''Chrysolina grossa'' (Fabricius, 1792) *:::::::''Chrysolina lucida'' (Olivier, 1807) *:::::::''Chrysolina lutea'' (Petagna, 1819) *::::::Subgenus ''Mimophaedon'' *:::::::''Chrysolina pourtoyi'' Bourdonne, 1996 *::::::Subgenus ''Ovosoma'' *:::::::''Chrysolina atrovirens'' (Frivaldszky, 1876) *:::::::''Chrysolina cretica'' (Olivier, 1807) *:::::::''Chrysolina halysa'' Bechyné, 1950 *:::::::''Chrysolina orientalis'' (Olivier, 1807) *:::::::''Chrysolina rhodia'' Bechyné, 1950 *:::::::''Chrysolina sahlbergi'' (Menetries, 1832) *:::::::''Chrysolina susterai'' Bechyné, 1950 *:::::::''Chrysolina turca'' (Fairmaire, 1865) *:::::::''Chrysolina vernalis'' (Brulle, 1832) *::::::Subgenus ''Ovostoma'' *:::::::''Chrysolina globipennis'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina olivieri'' (Bedel, 1892) *::::::Subgenus ''Palaeosticta'' *:::::::''Chrysolina diluta'' (Germar, 1824) *::::::Subgenus ''Rhyssoloma'' *:::::::''Chrysolina fragariae'' (Wollaston, 1854) *::::::Subgenus ''Sphaerochrysolina'' *:::::::''Chrysolina umbratilis'' (Weise, 1887) *::::::Subgenus ''Sphaeromela'' *:::::::''Chrysolina varians'' (Schaller, 1783) *::::::Subgenus ''Stichoptera'' *:::::::''Chrysolina colasi'' (Cobos, 1952) *:::::::''Chrysolina grancanariensis'' (Lindberg, 1953) *:::::::''Chrysolina gypsophilae'' (Kuster, 1845) *:::::::''Chrysolina latecincta'' (Demaison, 1896) *:::::::''Chrysolina kuesteri'' (Helliesen, 1912) *:::::::''Chrysolina lucidicollis'' (Kuster, 1845) *:::::::''Chrysolina mactata'' (Fairmaire, 1859) *:::::::''Chrysolina rossia'' (Illiger, 1802) *:::::::''Chrysolina sanguinolenta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *:::::::''Chrysolina stachydis'' (Gene, 1839) *:::::::''Chrysolina variolosa'' (Petagna, 1819) *::::::Subgenus ''Sulcicollis'' *:::::::''Chrysolina chalcites'' (Germar, 1824) *:::::::''Chrysolina oricalcia'' (Muller O. F., 1776) *:::::::''Chrysolina peregrina'' (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839) *:::::::''Chrysolina rufoaenea'' (Suffrian, 1851) *::::::Subgenus ''Synerga'' *:::::::''Chrysolina coerulans'' (Scriba, 1791) *:::::::''Chrysolina herbacea'' (Duftschmid, 1825) *:::::::''Chrysolina suffriani'' (Fairmaire, 1859) *:::::::''Chrysolina viridana'' (Kuster, 1844) *::::::Subgenus ''Taeniochrysea'' *:::::::''Chrysolina americana'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *::::::Subgenus ''Taeniosticha'' *:::::::''Chrysolina reitteri'' (Weise, 1884) *::::::Subgenus ''Threnosoma'' *:::::::''Chrysolina cribrosa'' (Ahrens, 1812) *:::::::''Chrysolina fimbrialis'' (Kuster, 1845) *:::::::''Chrysolina helopioides'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina inflata'' (Weise, 1916) *:::::::''Chrysolina joliveti'' Bechyné, 1950 *:::::::''Chrysolina obenbergeri'' Bechyné, 1950 *:::::::''Chrysolina obscurella'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina osellai'' (Daccordi & Ruffo, 1979) *:::::::''Chrysolina tagana'' (Suffrian, 1851) *:::::::''Chrysolina timarchoides'' (Brisout, 1882) *:::::::''Chrysolina weisei'' (Frivaldszky, 1883) *::::::Subgenus ''Timarchida'' *:::::::''Chrysolina deubeli'' (Ganglbauer, 1897)

==See also== * List of Chrysolina species

== References == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121008051822/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=241870 Fauna europaea] * [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id11677/ Biolib]

== External links == * {{Commons category-inline|Chrysolina|''Chrysolina''}}

Category:Chrysomelinae Category:Chrysomelidae genera Category:Taxa named by Victor Motschulsky