Chresmoda

{{Short description|Extinct insect genus}}{{Italic title}} {{Automatic_taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Tithonian|Cenomanian}}<ref name=fa>{{cite web|url= https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=175598|title=Chresmoda|website=Paleobiology Database|access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref> | image = Chresmodidae - Chresmoda obscura.JPG | image_caption = Fossil specimen of ''Chresmoda obscura'' from Germany, on display at Galerie de paléontologie et d'anatomie comparée in Paris | taxon = Chresmoda | authority = Germar, 1839 | synonyms = *''Propygolampis'' }}

'''''Chresmoda''''' is an extinct genus of insects within the family Chresmodidae.

==Description== left|thumb|Reconstruction of ''C.obscura'' ''Chresmoda'' are large enigmatic insects with very long specialized legs, probably adapted for skating on the water surface similar to pond skaters. They can reach a body length of about {{convert|25|mm}}, with a forewing length of about {{convert|28|mm}}.<ref name="fa" /> Some large specimens could reached a size of about {{convert|19|cm}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de/fossil.php?fossilid=1780|title=Fossil mit der ID: 1780 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen|work=solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de|access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref>

These Polyneoptera of uncertain position have been considered aquatic and living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals.<ref>A. G. Ponomarenko [http://verlag.nhm-wien.ac.at/pdfs/87A_135144_Ponomarenko.pdf Fossil insects from the Tithonian «Solnhofener Plattenkalke» in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Nel|first1=Andre|last2=Azar|first2=Dany|last3=Martinez-Delclos|first3=Xavier|last4=Makhoul|first4=Edouard|date=2004-03-25|title=A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon – a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects|journal=European Journal of Entomology|volume=101|issue=1|pages=145–151|doi=10.14411/eje.2004.019|doi-access=free}}</ref>

They lived during the Cretaceous of Brazil,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Delclòs|first1=Xavier|last2=Nel|first2=André|last3=Azar|first3=Dany|last4=Bechly|first4=Günter|last5=Dunlop|first5=Jason A.|last6=Engel|first6=Michael S.|last7=Heads|first7=Sam W.|date=2008-03-01|title=The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235355888|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen|language=en|volume=247|issue=3|pages=353–381|doi=10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0353}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Xinwen|last2=Ren|first2=Dong|last3=Pang|first3=Hong|last4=Shih|first4=Chungkun|date=2010-01-27|title=Late Mesozoic Chresmodids with Forewing from Inner Mongolia, China (Polyneoptera: Archaeorthoptera)|journal=Acta Geologica Sinica |series=English Edition|language=en|volume=84|issue=1|pages=38–46|doi=10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00168.x}}</ref> Lebanon,<ref name=":0" /> Spain, United Kingdom, Mongolia and Myanmar, as well as in the Late Jurassic of Germany, from 150.8 to 93.5 Ma from the Tithonian to the Cenomanian ages.<ref name=fa/> While most species are known from compression fossils, ''Chresmoda chikuni'' is known from well preserved 3-dimensional specimens in amber.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Weiwei |last1=Zhang |author2=Wanzhi Cai |author3=Wenzhu Li |author4=Xingke Yang |author5=Siqin Ge |year=2017|url=http://ir.ioz.ac.cn/bitstream/000000/13190/1/A%20new%20species%20of%20Chresmodidae%20from%20mid-Cretace.pdf|title=A new species of Chresmodidae from Mid-Cretaceous amber discovered in Myanmar|journal=Zoological Systematics|volume=42|issue=2|pages=243-247|doi=10.11865/zs.201714}}</ref>

==Species== *'''''Chresmoda aquatica''''' Martinez-Delclos, 1989 La Pedrera de Rubies Formation and Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian *'''''Chresmoda chikuni''''' Zhang & Ge ''in'' Zhang ''et al.'', 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian *'''''Chresmoda libanica''''' Nel ''et al.'', 2004 Sannine Formation, Lebanon, Cenomanian *'''''Chresmoda multinervis''''' Zhang ''et al.'', 2009 Dabeigou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous *'''''Chresmoda mongolica''''' Ponomarenko, 1986 Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian *'''''Chresmoda neotropica''''' Engel & Heads, 2008 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian *'''''Chresmoda obscura''''' Germar, 1839 Solnhofen Limestone, Germany, Tithonian: can reach a size of about {{convert|14|cm}}.<ref>[http://www.solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de/fossil.php?fossilid=535 Solnhofen Fossilien Atlas]</ref> These Polyneoptera of uncertain position have been considered aquatic and terrestrial bug or phasmids. They should instead be anomalous paraplecopterids living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals.<ref>A. G. Ponomarenko [http://verlag.nhm-wien.ac.at/pdfs/87A_135144_Ponomarenko.pdf Fossil insects from the Tithonian «Solnhofener Plattenkalke» in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna]</ref> They lived during the Jurassic of Germany, from 150.8 to 145.5 Ma.<ref name=fa/> *'''''Chresmoda orientalis''''' Esaki, 1949 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian *'''''Chresmoda oweni''''' Westwood, 1854 Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Berriasian *'''''Chresmoda shihi''''' Zhang ''et al.'', 2009 Dabeigou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous <ref name=fa/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{cite web |url=https://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Record?SpecNum=1964&CombinationNum=11579 |work=Lacewing Digital Library |title=''obscurus'' Germar, 1839 [''Chresmoda''] }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q18347473|from2=Q10747731}} Category:Polyneoptera Category:Prehistoric insect genera Category:Mesozoic insects of Europe Category:Taxa named by Ernst Friedrich Germar