{{Short description|Tribe of South American Indians in Peru}} thumb|Hat of the Cholones Indians. Made with feathers, silk, fibre and vegetable resin. 18th century.
The '''Cholones''' are a tribe of South American Indigenous people in Peru, living on the left bank of the Huallaga River in the Amazon valley. The name is that given them by the Spanish. They were first met by the Franciscans, who established mission villages among them in 1676.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Cholones|volume=6|page=267}}</ref>
==Life== Cholones were living in the district of Tingo Maria, having their own language,<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Raimondy |first1= Antonio |title= On the Indian Tribes of the Great District of Loreto, in Northern Peru |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3024983.pdf |journal= The Anthropological Review |year= 1863|volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=33–43 |doi=10.2307/3024983 |jstor= 3024983 |access-date= February 15, 2022}}</ref> Tinganeses, Seeptsa, which was formerly spoken in the valley of Huallaga River from Tingo Maria to Valle.<ref>{{cite book |last= Frawley |first= William J. |author-link= |date= 1 May 2003|title= International Encyclopedia of Linguistics |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6ftQEAAAQBAJ|access-date=16 February 2022|location= Oxford |publisher= Oxford University Press | page=151 |isbn= 978-0-195-13977-8}}</ref> In 1985 there were only one or two speakers of Tinganeses, Seeptsa.<ref>{{cite book |last= M |first= Robert |author-link= |date= 23 Sep 1999|title= The Amazonian Languages |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EF7GueYuQt0C|access-date=16 February 2022|location= Oxford |publisher= Oxford University Press | page=313 |isbn= 978-0-521-57021-3}}</ref> Father Francisco Gutierrez of Franciscans composed a work on their language.<ref>{{cite book |last= Brinton|first= Daniel G. |author-link= |date= 22 Jul 2020|title= The American Race|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=krPyDwAAQBAJ|access-date=15 February 2022|location= Project Gutenberg ebook |publisher= Independently published | page=171 |isbn= 978-1-521-86453-1}}</ref> Cholones believe that carrying the poisonous tooth of a serpent is a protection against the bite of a serpent.<ref>{{cite book |last= George Frazer|first= James |author-link= |date= 26 Apr 2012|title= The Golden Bough|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=X8-V1oEHj2gC|access-date=15 February 2022|location= Cambridge |publisher= Cambridge University Press| page=153 |isbn= 978-0-486-42492-7}}</ref>
==Economy and trade== The common economic pursuits of Cholones include agriculture, hunting, and fishing. Women were engaged in cultivating cotton and weaving. For centuries, the lowland Cholones had trade relations with the highland Hibitos across the bank of the Huallaga river. Some of the important products, which were generally traded, include feather, wax, honey, stone and metal axes, coca, cotton, hardwoods and medicinal herbs.<ref>{{cite book |last= H. |first= James Birx |author-link= |date= 15 September 2007|title= Encyclopedia of Anthropology, Volume 1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R2Y5DQAAQBAJ |access-date=15 February 2022|location= Thousand Oaks|publisher= Sage Publications| page=475 |isbn= 978-0-761-93029-7}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
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{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cholones}} Category:Indigenous peoples in Peru Category:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
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