Chloromonas

{{Short description|Genus of algae}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Chloromonas miwae cyst 1E.png | image_caption = ''Chloromonas miwae'' | taxon = Chloromonas | authority = Gobi | type_species = ''Chloromonas reticulata'' | type_species_authority = (Goroschankin) Gobi<ref name=AlgaeBase/> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = * See text }}

'''''Chloromonas''''' is a genus of green algae in the family Chlamydomonadaceae.<ref>See the NCBI [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=51727 webpage on Chloromonas]. Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=https://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information | access-date=2007-03-19}}</ref> It is closely related to the model green algae, ''Chlamydomonas'', and traditionally has been distinguished mainly through the absence of a pyrenoid.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nozaki | first1 = H | last2 = Onishi | first2 = K | last3 = Morita | first3 = E | title = Differences in pyrenoid morphology are correlated with differences in the rbcL genes of members of the ''Chloromonas'' lineage (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) | journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution| volume = 55| pages = 414–430| doi = 10.1007/s00239-002-2338-9 | pmid=12355262 | date=October 2002| issue = 4 | bibcode = 2002JMolE..55..414N | s2cid = 19862929 }}</ref>

Species of ''Chloromonas'' occupy a variety of habitats, including soil, temporary pools of fresh water and eutrophic lakes.<ref name=AlgaeBase/> A number of species are adapted to living on snow, making them snow algae. The most northerly location at which this algae has been observed is Lake Bienville, Quebec, 55°N.<ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - Eastern Snow Conference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H60sAQAAMAAJ|volume= 57, Part 2000|publisher=Eastern Snow Conference|page=209}}</ref>

== Description == ''Chloromonas'' is a unicellular organism with cells that are ranging from spherical, ovoid, cylindrical, or spindle-shaped. There are two equal flagella on the anterior end of the cell, with or without a papilla. As single large chloroplast fills the cell, and may be cup-shaped and variously lobed. Chloroplasts lack pyrenoids. An eyespot is present in most species. There is a single nucleus typically embedded in the center of the cell.<ref name=AlgaeBase>{{AlgaeBase genus|id=43373|name=Chloromonas|access-date=2023-12-27}}</ref>

Reproduction in ''Chloromonas'' occurs asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction is by cell division, forming two or four zoospores. Sexual reproduction in the genus is diverse and can be isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous.<ref name=AlgaeBase/>

== Taxonomy == Traditionally, the genus ''Chloromonas'' has been defined morphologically as being a pyrenoid-less version of ''Chlamydomonas''. Phylogenetically, the pyrenoid-less species are all found in a single clade, but there are also pyrenoid-bearing species within this clade, making the genus non-monophyletic. In 2001, as a first step towards revising the genus, Thomas Pröschold and colleagues emended the circumscription of ''Chloromonas'' to include all species of this clade.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1078/1434-4610-00068 |title=Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of ''Chlamydomonas'' (Chlorophyta). I. Emendation of ''Chlamydomonas'' Ehrenberg and ''Chloromonas'' Gobi, and description of ''Oogamochlamys'' gen. nov. and ''Lobochlamys'' gen. nov. |date=2001 |last1=Pröschold |first1=T. |last2=Marin |first2=B.|last3=Schlösser |first3=U. G.|last4=Melkonian |first4=M.|journal=Protist |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=265–300 |pmid=11822658 }}</ref> However, this clade also includes species of ''Gloeomonas'', and the name ''Gloeomonas'' has priority over ''Chloromonas''.<ref name=Nakada2014>{{cite book |editor-first1=John D.|editor-last1=Wehr|editor-first2=Robert G.|editor-last2=Sheath|editor-first3=J. Patrick|editor-last3=Kociolek |date= 2014 |edition=2 |title= Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification |last1= Nakada|first1=Takashi| last2=Nozaki |first2=Hisayoshi |chapter= Chapter 6. Flagellate Green Algae |url= |location= |publisher= Elsevier Inc. |page=|isbn=978-0-12-385876-4 }}</ref>

== Species == {{div col}} * ''C. radiata'' * ''C. asteroidea'' * ''C. macrostellata'' * ''C. reticulata'' * ''C. oogama'' * ''C. perforata'' * ''C. rosae'' * ''C. serbinowi'' * ''C. sp. ANT3'' * ''C. sp. ANT1'' * ''C. insignis'' * ''C. augustae'' * ''C. palmelloides'' * ''C. playfairii'' * ''C. actinochloris'' * ''C. carrizoensis'' * ''C. rubrifilum'' * ''C. sp. D-CU581C'' * ''C. brevispina'' * ''C. nivalis'' * ''C. paraserbinowii'' * ''C. pichinchae'' * ''C. subdivisa'' * ''C. variabilis'' * ''C. rostafinskii'' * ''C. cf. alpina 032-99'' * ''C. cf. platystigma 020-99'' * ''C. sp. 047-99'' * ''C. cf. palatina 025-99'' * ''C. chenangoensis'' * ''C. sp. CU722a'' {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Chlamydomonadales genera Category:Chlamydomonadaceae Category:Snow algae