Chloroflexales

{{Short description|Order of bacteria}} {{automatic taxobox | taxon = Chloroflexales | authority = Gupta et al. 2013 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = * Chloroflexineae ** Chloroflexaceae ** Oscillochloridaceae * Roseiflexineae ** Roseiflexaceae }}

'''Chloroflexales''' is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Garrity|first=George M.|title=Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology|url=https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon|url-access=registration|date=2001|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-21609-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/427 427–446]|edition=2nd}}</ref> The clade is also known as '''filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria''' (FAP),<ref name=Th19>{{cite journal |last1=Thweatt |first1=Jennifer L. |last2=Canniffe |first2=Daniel P. |last3=Bryant |first3=Donald A. |title=Biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls in green bacteria |journal=Advances in Botanical Research |date=2019 |volume=90 |pages=35–89 |doi=10.1016/bs.abr.2019.03.002}}</ref> as the order contains phototrophs that do not produce oxygen. These bacteria are facultative aerobic.<ref name=pmid22903492>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gupta RS, Chander P, George S |title=Phylogenetic framework and molecular signatures for the class Chloroflexia and its different clades; proposal for division of the class Chloroflexia class. nov. [corrected] into the suborder Chloroflexineae subord. nov., consisting of the emended family Oscillochloridaceae and the family Chloroflexaceae fam. nov., and the suborder Roseiflexineae subord. nov., containing the family Roseiflexaceae fam. nov. |journal= Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |volume=103|issue=1|pages=99–119 |date=2013|pmid=22903492 |doi=10.1007/s10482-012-9790-3 }}</ref> They generally use chemotrophy when oxygen is present and switch to light-derived energy when otherwise. Most species are heterotrophs, but a few are capable of photoautotrophy.<ref name=Th19/>

The order can be divided into two suborders. '''Chloroflexineae''' ("Green FAP", "green non-sulfur bacteria") is the better-known one. This suborder uses chlorosomes, a specialized antenna complex, to pass light energy to the reaction center. '''Roseiflexineae''' ("Red FAP") on the other hand has no such ability. The named colors are not absolute, as growth conditions such as oxygen concentration will make a green FAP appear green, brown, or reddish-orange by inducing changes in pigment composition.<ref name=Th19/>

==Classification== The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)<ref name=LPSN>{{lpsn3|order/chloroflexales|Chloroflexales}}</ref> and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |author=Schoch CL |display-authors=et al. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?command=show&mode=tree&id=32064&lvl=3 |title=Chloroflexales |accessdate=2025-06-05 |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database}}</ref>

===Phylogeny=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024<ref>{{cite web|title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_all tree in newick format| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_10_2024 Release Notes| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref> ! colspan=1 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB release 10-RS226<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 10-RS226 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=Genome Taxonomy Database|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="tree_bac">{{cite web |title=bac120_r226.sp_label |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release226/226.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r226.sp_labels.tree |website=Genome Taxonomy Database|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=Genome Taxonomy Database|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> |- | style="vertical-align:top| {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Kallotenuales |1={{clade |label1=Kallotenuaceae |1=''Kallotenue'' }} |label2=Herpetosiphonales |2={{clade |label1=Herpetosiphonaceae |1=''Herpetosiphon'' }} }} |2={{clade |label1=Chloroflexales |1={{clade |label1=Roseiflexaceae |1=''Roseiflexus'' |label2=Chloroflexaceae |2={{clade |1=''Heliothrix'' |2={{clade |1=''Oscillochloris'' |2=''Chloroflexus'' }} }} }} }} }} }} | {{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:90% |label1=Chloroflexales |1={{Clade |1={{clade |label1=Kallotenuaceae |1=''Kallotenue'' |label2=Herpetosiphonaceae |2=''Herpetosiphon'' }} |2={{clade |label1=Roseiflexaceae |1={{clade |1=''Roseiflexus'' |2={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Ribeiella" |2="''Kouleothrix''" }} }} |label2=Chloroflexaceae |2={{clade |1=''Chloroflexus'' |2={{clade |1=''Oscillochloris'' |2={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Chloroploca" |2="''Ca.'' Viridilinea" }} }} }} }} }} }} |}

===Taxonomy=== *Suborder Roseiflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 **Family Roseiflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ["Kouleotrichaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018] ***Genus ?"''Candidatus'' Amarofilum" Petriglieri et al. 2023 ***Genus ?''Heliothrix'' Pierson et al. 1986 ***Genus "''Kouleothrix''" Kohno et al. 2002 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Ribeiella" Petriglieri et al. 2023 ***Genus ''Roseiflexus'' Hanada et al. 2002 *Suborder Chloroflexineae Gupta et al. 2013 **Family Chloroflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ***Genus ?"''Candidatus'' Chloranaerofilum" Thiel et al. 2016 ***Genus ''Chloroflexus'' Pierson & Castenholz 1974 ["''Chlorocrinis''" Ward et al. 1998] **Family Oscillochloridaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ***Genus ?''Chloronema'' ♪ Dubinina & Gorlenko 1975 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Chloroploca" Gorlenko et al. 2014 ***Genus ''Oscillochloris'' Gorlenko & Pivovarova 1989 ***Genus "''Candidatus'' Viridilinea" Grouzdev et al. 2018

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Wikispecies}}

{{Bacteria classification}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q15241287}} Category:Phototrophic bacteria Category:Chloroflexota {{bacteria-stub}}