Chlidanthus

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Chlidanthus | image = 640 Chlidanthus fragrans.jpg | image_caption = ''Chlidanthus fragrans'' | authority = Herb. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. | synonyms = *''Castellanoa'' Traub *''Clitanthes'' Herb. *''Clitanthum'' Benth. & Hook.f. *''Coleophyllum'' Klotzsch *''Sanmartina'' Traub | synonyms_ref = <ref name = "POWO" /> }}

'''''Chlidanthus''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae native to Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.<ref name = "POWO" />

==Description== thumb|Bulb of ''Chlidanthus fragrans'' with scale bar (5 cm)

===Vegetative characteristics=== ''Chlidanthus'' has tunicate bulbs.<ref name = "Van Houtte, 1848">[https://books.google.com/books?id=bEhopPiG3AgC&dq=Chlidanthus&pg=PP131 Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe, ou descriptions des plantes les plus rares et les plus meritantes, nouvellement introduites sur le continent ou en Engleterre] p. 526. ... redige par Ch. Lemaire ... [et. al.]. (1848). (n.p.): Louis Van Houtte.</ref><ref>Tenenbaum, F. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=557KJL0TC48C&dq=Chlidanthus&pg=PA93 Taylor's Encyclopedia of Garden Plants.] p. 93. Vereinigtes Königreich: Houghton Mifflin.</ref> The leaves are linear.<ref name = "Herbert, 1837" />

===Generative characteristics=== The inflorescence is a few-flowered umbel.<ref name = "Herbert, 1837" /> The pedicellate or sessile flowers have a slightly curved, elongate, tubular, marcescent perianth composed of six tepals, which does not have a corona.<ref>Gay, C. (1853). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BGc6AAAAcAAJ&dq=Chlidanthus&pg=PA74 Historia física y política de Chile: segun documentos adquiridos en esta republica durante doce años de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del Supremo Gobierno.] pp. 74-76. Botanica; 6. Frankreich: Casa del autor.</ref> The androecium consists of six basally fused stamens.<ref name = "Blumen-Zeitung, 1837">[https://books.google.com/books?id=IYcmAQAAMAAJ&dq=Chlidanthus&pg=PA179 Blumen-Zeitung.] p. 179. (1837). Deutschland: (n.p.).</ref> The curved filaments are very short. The erect style has a trifid stigma.<ref name = "Herbert, 1837">HERBERT, W. (1837). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IvheAAAAcAAJ&dq=Chlidanthus&pg=PA190 Amaryllidaceæ: preceded by an attempt to arrange the Monocotyledonous orders, and followed by a treatise on cross-bred vegetables, and supplement. ... With fortyeight plates.] p. 190. Vereinigtes Königreich: (n.p.).</ref> The trilocular capsule fruit bears numerous flat and thin seeds.<ref name = "Blumen-Zeitung, 1837" /> The flowers of ''Chlidanthus fragrans'' are pleasantly fragrant.<ref name = "Bosse, 1829">Bosse, J. F. W. (1829). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IHomAQAAMAAJ&q=ChlidanthusVollst%C3%A4ndiges&pg=PA338 Handbuch der Blumen-Gärtnerei: oder, Genaue Beschreibung von mehr als 4060 wahren Zierpflanzen-Arten ... Alphabetisch geordnet und mit deutlichen, auf vieljährige Erfahrung gegründeten Cultur-Anweisungen ... Für Blumenfreunde und angehende Gärtner, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das norddeutsche Clima und auf Zimmer-Blumenzucht.] p. 338.</ref>

==Taxonomy== ===Publication=== The genus ''Chlidanthus'' Herb. was published by William Herbert in 1821.<ref name = "POWO" />

===Species=== The genus ''Chlidanthus'' has five species:<ref name = "POWO">{{cite POWO |id=1395-1 |title=''Chlidanthus'' Herb. |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref>

*''Chlidanthus ariruma'' R.Lara & Céspedes Escalera *''Chlidanthus boliviensis'' Traub & I.S.Nelson *''Chlidanthus fragrans'' Herb. *''Chlidanthus soratensis'' (Baker) Ravenna *''Chlidanthus yaviensis'' (Ravenna) Ravenna

===Placement within Amaryllidoideae=== It is placed in the tribe Eustephieae.<ref name = "Meerow et al., 2000">Meerow, A. W., Guy, C. L., Li, Q.-B., & Yang, S.-L. (2000). Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae Based on nrDNA ITS Sequences. Systematic Botany, 25(4), 708–726. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666729</ref><ref name = "Meerow, 2023">Meerow, A. W. (2023). [http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/bsab/v58n3/1851-2372-bsab-58-03-4.pdf Classification and phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae, the modern synthesis and the road ahead: A review.] Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, 58(3), 4-4.</ref>

==Etymology== The generic name ''Chlidanthus'' means delicate flower.<ref name = "Cahlíková et al., 2013">Cahlíková, L., Hrabinová, M., Kulhánková, A., Benešová, N., Chlebek, J., Jun, D., ... & Opletal, L. (2013). [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X1300801110 Alkaloids from ''Chlidanthus fragrans'' and their acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase activities.] Natural product communications, 8(11), 1934578X1300801110.</ref>

==References== {{Commons category|Chlidanthus}} {{Wikispecies}} {{Reflist}}

Category:Amaryllidoideae Category:Amaryllidaceae genera Category:Flora of Peru Category:Flora of Bolivia Category:Flora of Argentina Category:Taxa named by William Herbert (botanist)