{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{Speciesbox |image = Scutellaria baicalensis flowers.jpg |genus = Scutellaria |species = baicalensis |authority = Georgi<ref name="grin">{{GRIN | access-date=2008-02-19}}</ref> |synonyms = ''Scutellaria macrantha'' Fisch.<ref name="grin"/> }}

'''''Scutellaria baicalensis''''', with the common name '''Baikal skullcap''' or '''Chinese skullcap''', is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae.

==Distribution== The plant is native to China, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia in the Russian Far East and Siberia.<ref name="grin"/>

==Traditional Chinese medicine== It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it has the name ''huángqín'' ({{zh|c=黄芩}}).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Zhang XW |author2=Li WF |author3=Li WW |author4=Ren KH |author5=Fan CM |author6=Chen YY |author7=Shen YL | title = Protective effects of the aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis against acrolein-induced oxidative stress in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells | journal = Pharm Biol | year = 2011 | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 256–261 | doi = 10.3109/13880209.2010.501803 | pmid = 20979538| doi-access = free }}</ref> As a Chinese traditional medicine, ''huang qin'' usually refers to the dried root of ''S.&nbsp;baicalensis'' Georgi, ''S.&nbsp;viscidula'' Bge., ''S.&nbsp;amoena'' C.H. Wright, and ''S.&nbsp;ikoninkovii'' Ju.

===Phytochemicals=== {{Main|Scutellaria#Constituents and pharmacology}} Several phytochemicals have been isolated from the root; baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, norwogonin, oroxylin A<ref>Isolation and purification of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Hua-Bin Li and Feng Chen, Journal of Chromatography A, 13 May 2005, Volume 1074, Issues 1–2, pages 107–110, {{doi|10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.088}}</ref> and β-sitosterol are the major ones.<ref name="pmid12774393">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang LX, Liu D, Feng XF, Cui SL, Yang JY, Tang XJ, He XR, Liu JF, Hu SL | title = [Determination of flavone for Scutellaria baicalensis from different areas by HPLC] | language = zh | journal = Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 166–70 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12774393 }}</ref>

===Names=== As the term 'skullcap' is applied to over 200 plant varieties, the scientific name is used. Sometimes, ''Scutellaria lateriflora'' (North American skullcap) is mistaken for ''S.&nbsp;baicalensis''.

===Adverse effects=== There have been several reports and small case series of acute liver injury with jaundice arising 1 to 3 months after starting herbal or dietary supplements containing ''S.&nbsp;baicalensis''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548757/ |website=United States National Library of Medicine |year=2012 |pmid=31644066 |access-date=27 June 2022}}</ref>

==See also== * ''Piper methysticum'' (kava), another anxiolytic GABAergic plant * ''Valeriana officinalis'' (valerian), a sedative GABAergic plant

==References== {{Reflist|26em}}

==External links== {{commons category}} {{Wikispecies-inline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180108175604/https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/plants/show/1798 ''Scutellaria baicalensis'' List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's Databases)] *[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Scutellaria+baicalensis ''Scutellaria baicalensis'' (Plants for a Future)]

{{Anxiolytics}} {{GABAAR PAMs}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q803769}}

baicalensis Category:Flora of China Category:Flora of Korea Category:Flora of Mongolia Category:Flora of the Russian Far East Category:Flora of Siberia Category:Medicinal plants of Asia Category:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine Category:Anxiolytics Category:Dopamine reuptake inhibitors Category:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators