{{short description|Chinese airline (1990–2004)}} {{Redirect|China Northern|the geographical region|North China||}} {{Infobox airline | airline = China Northern Airlines<br />{{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hans|中国北方航空}}}} | logo = ChinaNorthernAirlines.png | image = B-2315 A300B4-622R China Northern Airlines KIX 12JUL01 (7058350447).jpg | caption = China Northern Airlines [[Airbus A300-600R]] | IATA = CJ | ICAO = CBF | callsign = CHINA NORTHERN | founded = {{start date|1990|06|16|df=yes}} | ceased = {{end date|2004|11|12|df=yes}}<br />(merged into [[China Southern Airlines]]) | fleet_size = 111 (2004) | destinations = 152 | headquarters = [[Shenyang]], [[Liaoning]], China | hubs = [[Shenyang Taoxian International Airport|Shenyang]] | secondary_hubs = [[Changchun Dafangshen Airport|Changchun–Dafangshen]]<br/>[[Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport|Dalian]]<br/>[[Harbin Taiping International Airport|Harbin]]<br/>[[Sanya Phoenix International Airport|Sanya]] | subsidiaries = [[Beihai Airlines]]<br/>[[China Northern Swan Airlines]] | key_people = Zhou Yong Qian (President) | num_employees = 8,000 (2000) | website = }} {{Infobox Chinese | title = China Northern Airlines | order = st | s = {{linktext|lang=zh|中国北方|航空公司}} | t = 中國北方航空公司 | p = Zhōngguó Běifāng Hángkōng Gōngsī | c2 = {{lang|zh|北方航空}} | p2 = Běifāng Hángkōng | l2 = Northern Airlines | c3 = {{linktext|lang=zh|北|航}} | p3 = Běiháng }}
'''China Northern Airlines''' ({{lang-zh|s=中国北方航空|t=中國北方航空|p=Zhōngguó Běifāng Hángkōng}}) was an airline headquartered on the grounds of [[Shenyang Taoxian International Airport]], [[Shenyang]], [[Liaoning]], [[People's Republic of China]].<ref>''World Airline Directory''. Flight International. March 19–25, 2002. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2002/2002%20-%200830.html?search=%22China%20Northern%22 48]. "Dong Ta Airport, 3-1 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang City, Liaoning, 110043, China"</ref> Established on June 16, 1990, it was one of the six backbone airlines directly under the [[Civil Aviation Administration of China]].
Besides Shenyang, it also had four other hubs at [[Changchun Dafangshen Airport]], [[Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport]], [[Harbin Taiping International Airport]] and [[Sanya Phoenix International Airport]].<ref name="wad2000" />
It was one of six major airline corporations that were formed as a result of the breakup of [[CAAC (airline)|CAAC]]. It initially operated a fleet of [[Airbus A300-600R]], [[McDonnell-Douglas MD-80|MD-80]], [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30|MD-90-30]] and, later, [[Airbus A321-200]] aircraft. It operated predominantly domestic destinations and also to North Korea, South Korea and Japan.<ref name="wad2000" />
==History== China Northern Airlines was established on 16 June 1990. In 1994, China Northern Airlines decided to purchase 11 [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90]] aircraft, whilst passing down some of their older [[McDonnell Douglas MD-82]] to smaller airlines like its subsidiary, [[Beihai Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese airlines sign MDC deal |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/chinese-airlines-sign-mdc-deal/15746.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909225732/https://www.flightglobal.com/chinese-airlines-sign-mdc-deal/15746.article |archive-date=9 September 2024 |date=14 June 1995}}</ref> By 1997, China Northern had increased the number ordered to 13.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |title=Chinese lobby for Airbuses |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/chinese-lobby-for-airbuses/15004.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124041523/https://www.flightglobal.com/chinese-lobby-for-airbuses/15004.article |archive-date=24 January 2025 |date=8 October 1997}}</ref> In 1997, the airline relocated its training center from the [[United States]] to the new Kunming Training Centre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Training moves |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/training-moves/291.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004015204/https://www.flightglobal.com/training-moves/291.article |archive-date=4 October 2024 |date=2 April 1997}}</ref> In 1998, China Northern was China's 5th largest airline in terms of passenger traffic, and had a load factor of 55.1%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airline Business 100 1999 - Traffic |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business-100-1999-traffic/28412.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=10 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515065039/https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business-100-1999-traffic/28412.article |archive-date=15 May 2025 |date=2 September 1999}}</ref> In 1999, it was announced that [[Britten-Norman]] would resurrect the [[Britten-Norman Trislander]] after China Northern placed an order for 3 aircraft, scheduled to be delivered between September 2000 and January 2001. This was done to replace the airline's aging [[Harbin Y-5]] biplanes for regional services.<ref name="bn1999">{{cite web |last1=Kingsley-Jones |first1=Max |title=China order prompts Britten Norman to resurrect Trislander |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/china-order-prompts-britten-norman-to-resurrect-trislander/26497.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=10 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615003152/https://www.flightglobal.com/china-order-prompts-britten-norman-to-resurrect-trislander/26497.article |archive-date=15 June 2025 |date=2 June 1999}}</ref> By the end of 1999, the airline had reached a total cargo rotation volume of 4882 million ton/km. Around this time, it was said that [[China Eastern Airlines]] was considering acquiring China Northern Airlines, along with [[China Northwest Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ionides |first1=Nicholas |title=One Chinese merger plan fails, but another takeover is revived |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/one-chinese-merger-plan-fails-but-another-takeover-is-revived/29059.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=10 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125003657/https://www.flightglobal.com/one-chinese-merger-plan-fails-but-another-takeover-is-revived/29059.article |archive-date=25 January 2025 |date=1 November 1999}}</ref>
In 2000, it was announced that China Northern signed a deal with [[Airbus]] for ten [[Airbus A321]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airbus wins Chinese orders |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/airbus-wins-chinese-orders/31467.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=10 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250315151213/https://www.flightglobal.com/airbus-wins-chinese-orders/31467.article |archive-date=15 March 2025 |date=1 April 2000}}</ref> In November 2000, China Northern and [[Angel Air]] formed a partnership which involved [[wet lease|wet leasing]] 3 [[Airbus A300-600R]] from China Northern to Angel Air, and a possible joint marketing agreement. The wet lease was scheduled to last for 3–5 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Angel finalises China Northern partnership |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/angel-finalises-china-northern-partnership-/35093.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=10 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212053651/https://www.flightglobal.com/angel-finalises-china-northern-partnership-/35093.article |archive-date=12 December 2024 |date=28 November 2000}}</ref> By the end of 2000, reports by China's official press outlined a draft plan for a wave of airline consolidations in China, which included the acquisition of China Northern Airlines by [[China Southern Airlines]]. This came after years of pressure by the CAAC to consolidate many of China's airlines into China's 3 largest airlines ([[Air China]], [[China Eastern Airlines]] and China Southern Airlines) to eradicate unnecessary competition.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jeziorski |first1=Andrzej |title=China details how airlines will merge under shake-up |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/china-details-how-airlines-will-merge-under-shake-up/35332.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=10 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241103142720/https://www.flightglobal.com/china-details-how-airlines-will-merge-under-shake-up/35332.article |archive-date=3 November 2024 |date=12 December 2000}}</ref> On 3 January 2002, Angel Air announced it would halt all services on 5 January, and that the partnership with China Northern would end.<ref>{{cite web |title=Future not bright for Thailand's fallen Angel as services halted |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/future-not-bright-for-thailands-fallen-angel-as-services-halted/40903.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008082044/https://www.flightglobal.com/future-not-bright-for-thailands-fallen-angel-as-services-halted/40903.article |archive-date=8 October 2024 |date=8 January 2002}}</ref>
In October 2002, China's state council approved the takeover of China Northern Airlines and [[China Xinjiang Airlines]] by [[China Southern Airlines]]. By January 2003, both airlines began operating China Southern's IATA code "CZ" for all domestic flights, with international flights to follow by 30 March 2003.<ref name="mergerFG">{{cite web |title=Carriers blend into China Southern |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/carriers-blend-into-china-southern-160721/ |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827225553/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/carriers-blend-into-china-southern-160721/ |archive-date=27 August 2018 |date=1 February 2003}}</ref> At that time, both airlines had their frequent flyer programs merge into Sky Pearl Club.<ref name="mergerFG"/> Whilst operating under the China Southern Airlines brand, it was reported that China Northern was to order 23 [[Airbus A320 family]] aircraft to replace its aging MD-80 and MD-90 aircraft. By the September 2004, the airline had already taken delivery of 4 [[Airbus A319]] aircraft.<ref name="a320">{{cite web |title=China Northern signs A320 deal |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/china-northern-signs-a320-deal/56687.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614050532/https://www.flightglobal.com/china-northern-signs-a320-deal/56687.article |archive-date=14 June 2025 |date=14 September 2004}}</ref> China Northern later fully merged into [[China Southern Airlines]] by the end of 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=China moves in final phase |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/china-moves-in-final-phase/57812.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004023430/https://www.flightglobal.com/china-moves-in-final-phase/57812.article |archive-date=4 October 2024 |date=23 November 2004}}</ref>
==Destinations== [[File:2002年大房身机场 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|250px|Tarmac view of [[Changchun Dafangshen Airport]], one of China Northern's hubs]] The following is an incomplete list of destinations served by China Northern Airlines:<ref name="wad2000">{{cite web |title=World Airline Directory 2000 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000%20-%201081.html |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=19 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902221327/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000%20-%201081.html |archive-date=2 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=World Airline Directory 1998 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200849.html?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726205813/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200849.html?search=%22China%20Southwest%20Airlines%22 |archive-date= 26 July 2014|publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=7 May 2025 |date=1–7 April 1998}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" |- !Country !City !Airport !Notes |- |rowspan="51"|China||[[Beijing]]||[[Beijing Capital International Airport]]|| |- |[[Changchun]]||[[Changchun Dafangshen Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} |- |[[Changsha]]||[[Changsha Huanghua International Airport]]|| |- |[[Changzhou]]||[[Changzhou Benniu International Airport]]|| |- |[[Chaoyang, Liaoning|Chaoyang]]||[[Chaoyang Airport]]|| |- |[[Chengdu]]||[[Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Chifeng]]||[[Chifeng Yulong Airport]]|| |- |[[Chongqing]]||[[Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Dalian]]||[[Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} |- |rowspan="2"|[[Fuzhou]]||[[Fuzhou Changle International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Fuzhou Yixu Airport]]||{{Terminated|Airport closed}} |- |[[Guangzhou]]||[[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former)|Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport]]|| |- |rowspan="2"|[[Guilin]]||[[Guilin Liangjiang International Airport]]|| |- |[[Guilin Qifengling Airport]]||{{Terminated|Airport closed}} |- |[[Guiyang]]||[[Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport]]|| |- |rowspan="2"|[[Haikou]]||[[Haikou Dayingshan Airport]]||{{Terminated|Airport closed}} |- |[[Haikou Meilan International Airport]]|| |- |rowspan="2"|[[Hangzhou]]||[[Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport]]|| |- |[[Harbin]]||[[Harbin Taiping International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} |- |[[Hefei]]||[[Hefei Luogang Airport]]|| |- |rowspan="2"|[[Hong Kong]]||[[Hong Kong International Airport]]|| |- |[[Kai Tak Airport]]||{{Terminated|Airport closed}} |- |rowspan="2"|[[Jinan]]||[[Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport]]|| |- |[[Jinan Zhangzhuang Airport]]||{{Terminated|Airport closed}} |- |[[Kunming]]||[[Kunming Wujiaba International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Lianyungang]]||[[Lianyungang Baitabu Airport]]|| |- |[[Macau]]||[[Macau International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Macau expands |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/macau-expands/11673.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114035318/https://www.flightglobal.com/macau-expands/11673.article |archive-date=14 November 2024 |date=6 December 1995}}</ref>|| |- |rowspan="2"|[[Nanjing]]||[[Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Nanjing Lukou International Airport]] |- |[[Ningbo]]||[[Ningbo Lishe International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Qingdao]]||[[Qingdao Liuting International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Qinhuangdao]]||[[Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Sanya]]||[[Sanya Phoenix International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} |- |rowspan="2"|[[Shanghai]]||[[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport]]|| |- |[[Shanghai Pudong International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Shantou]]||[[Shantou Waisha Airport]]|| |- |[[Shenyang]]||[[Shenyang Taoxian International Airport]]||{{Airline hub}} |- |[[Shenzhen]]||[[Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport]]|| |- |[[Shijiazhuang]]||[[Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport]]|| |- |[[Weifang]]||[[Weifang Airport]]|| |- |[[Wenzhou]]||[[Wenzhou Longwan International Airport]]||align=center| |- |rowspan="2"|[[Wuhan]]||[[Wuhan Tianhe International Airport]]|| |- |[[Wuhan Wangjiadun Airport]]||{{Terminated|Airport closed}} |- |[[Xi'an]]||[[Xi'an Xianyang International Airport]]|| |- |[[Xiamen]]||[[Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Yanji]]||[[Yanji Chaoyangchuan International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Yantai]]||[[Yantai Laishan Airport]]||align=center| |- |rowspan="2"|[[Zhengzhou]]||[[Zhengzhou Dongjiao Airport]]||{{Terminated|Airport closed}} |- |[[Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport]]|| |- |[[Zhuhai]]||[[Zhuhai Jinwan Airport]]|| |- |rowspan="4"|Japan||[[Osaka]]||[[Kansai International Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Sapporo]]||[[New Chitose Airport]]||align=center| |- |[[Toyama (city)|Toyama]]||[[Toyama Airport]]|| |- |[[Niigata (city)|Niigata]]||[[Niigata Airport]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Routes |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/routes/18600.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318082652/https://www.flightglobal.com/routes/18600.article |archive-date=18 March 2025 |date=3 December 1997}}</ref>|| |- |South Korea||[[Seoul]]||[[Gimpo International Airport]]|| |- |rowspan="3"|Russia||[[Irkutsk]]||[[International Airport Irkutsk]]|| |- |[[Khabarovsk]]||[[Khabarovsk Novy Airport]]|| |- |[[Vladivostok]]||[[Vladivostok International Airport]]|| |}
===Partner airlines=== Zhongyuan Airlines had established partnerships with the following airlines:<ref name="wad2000" /> {{Div col|colwidth=17em}} * [[Angel Air]] * [[Korean Air]] {{Div col end}}
==Fleet== ===Final fleet=== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = <!-- integer width in pixels; no "px" suffix --> | image1 = China Northern Airlines Airbus A300 JetPix.jpg | width1 = 200 | caption1 = China Northern [[Airbus A300-600R]] | image2 = B-2282 Airbus A321 China Northern (7366746548).jpg | width2 = 200 | caption2 = China Northern [[Airbus A321-200]] | image3 = China Northern Airlines MD-82.JPG | width3 = 200 | caption3 =China Northern [[MD-82]] | image4 = China Northern Airlines MD-90-30 (B-2255-53528-2177) - Flickr - contri.jpg | width4 = 200 | caption4 = China Northern [[MD-90|MD-90-32]] | image6 = China Northern Airlines Mil Mi-8P.jpg | width6 = 200 | caption6 = China Northern [[Mil Mi-8P]] | image7 = B-3468 Yunshuji Y7-100 China Northern (7157453753).jpg | width7 = 200 | caption7 = China Northern [[Xian Y-7|Xian Y-7-100]] | image8 = B-8722 Yunshuji Y-5 China Northern (7183093317).jpg | width8 = 200 | caption8 = China Northern [[Antonov An-2#Chinese variants|Yunshuji Y-5]]
<!-- Extra parameters -->| header = | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | footer_background = black | background color = | total_width = | alt1 = }}
At the time of merger, China Northern Airlines fleet consisted of:<ref name="rzjets">{{cite web |title=China Northern Airlines |url=https://rzjets.net/operators/?show=294 |publisher=rzjets |access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="ar">{{cite web |title=China Northern Airlines |url=https://www.ruudleeuw.com/rem-chin-north.htm |publisher=Airlines Remembered |access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |- ! style= | Aircraft ! style= | In service ! style= | Orders ! style= | Notes |- | [[Airbus A300-600R]] | 6 | — | |- | [[Airbus A319-100]] | 4 | 7 |Operated under [[China Southern Airlines]] brand<ref name="a320" /> |- | [[Airbus A321-200]] | 6 | 4 |Orders transferred to [[China Southern Airlines]] |- |[[Cessna 208 Caravan]] | 5 | — |Used for agricultural support and passenger services<ref>{{cite web |title=Cessna moves fast to sustain production |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/cessna-moves-fast-to-sustain-production-/49021.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514210023/https://www.flightglobal.com/cessna-moves-fast-to-sustain-production-/49021.article |archive-date=14 May 2025 |date=26 February 2002}}</ref> |- | [[McDonnell Douglas MD-82]] | 23 | — | |- | [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30]] | 13 | — | |- |[[Xi'an MA60]] | — | 5 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Xian Aircraft considers smaller MA60 derivative |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/xian-aircraft-considers-smaller-ma60-derivative/41830.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117082029/https://www.flightglobal.com/xian-aircraft-considers-smaller-ma60-derivative/41830.article |archive-date=17 January 2025 |date=13 March 2002}}</ref> |- |[[Xian Y-7|Xian Y-7-100]] | 10 | — | |- |[[Antonov An-2#Chinese variants|Yunshuji Y-5]] |44 | — | |- !Total !111 !16 !colspan=2| |}
===Fleet history=== Throughout the airline's history, the airline had operated:<ref name="rzjets" /><ref name="ar" /> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center" |- ! style= | Aircraft ! style= | Total ! style= | Introduced ! style= | Retired ! style= | Notes |- | [[Airbus A300-600R]] | 8 | 1993 | 2004 | |- | [[Airbus A319-100]] | 4 | 2004 | 2004 |Operated under [[China Southern Airlines]] brand<ref name="a320" /> |- | [[Airbus A321-200]] | 6 | 2001 | 2004 | |- |[[Cessna 208 Caravan]] | 5 | 2002 | {{unknown}} | |- | [[McDonnell Douglas MD-82]] | 27 | 1990 | 2004 | |- | [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30]] | 13 | 1996 | 2004 | |- |[[Xian Y-7|Xian Y-7-100]] | 11 | 1990 | 2004 | |- |[[Antonov An-2#Chinese variants|Yunshuji Y-5]] | {{unknown}} | {{unknown}} | {{unknown}} | |}
China Northern Airlines also operated a [[helicopter]] fleet.<ref name="ar" />
==Subsidiaries== ===China Northern Swan Airlines=== '''China Northern Swan Airlines''' was founded in 1993 as '''Swan Airlines''' by the company Sunbase.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunbase plane syndicate set to take off |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/31502/sunbase-plane-syndicate-set-take |publisher=South China Morning Post |access-date=8 May 2025 |date=30 May 1993}}</ref> The airline was based at [[Harbin Taiping International Airport]], [[Harbin]].<ref name="GD" /> In 1996, the airline was acquired by China Northern Airlines, and by 2001, flew to 45 medium to large-sized cities both domestically and internationally.<ref name="swanFG">{{cite web |title=China puts on the squeeze |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/china-puts-on-the-squeeze/1724.article |publisher=FlightGlobal |access-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313005341/https://www.flightglobal.com/china-puts-on-the-squeeze/1724.article |archive-date=13 March 2023 |date=1 January 1997}}</ref><ref name="wad2000" /><ref name="GD">{{cite web |last1=Zhu |first1=Weiguang |last2=Li |first2=Dapeng |last3=Li |first3=Shaoju |title=《光明日报》登上北航天鹅航空公司航班 |url=https://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2001-01/04/GB/01%5E18655%5E0%5EGMA4-018.htm |publisher=Guangming Daily |access-date=8 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313005909/https://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2001-01/04/GB/01%5E18655%5E0%5EGMA4-018.htm |archive-date=13 March 2023 |language=Chinese |date=4 January 2001}}</ref> It operated [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]]s and [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90]]s leased from China Northern Airlines, it was acquired by [[China Southern Airlines]] in 2003 followed by [[Beiha Airlines]], China Northern Airlines, and [[Zhongyuan Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://airlinehistory.co.uk/airline/china-northern-swan-airlines/ | title=China Northern Swan Airlines history from China, Rest of World| website=airlinehistory.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="GD" />
==Services== ===Frequent flyer program=== Sky Pearl Club was China Northern Airlines' frequent flyer program from 2002 when it was acquired by [[China Southern Airlines]].<ref name="mergerFG" />
==Accidents== * On November 13, 1993, [[China Northern Airlines Flight 6901]] from [[Beijing]] to [[Urumqi]], a [[McDonnell-Douglas]] [[MD-82]] (Reg. B-2141) airliner, crashed on approach to Urumqi airport, killing 12 of 102 on board. Pilot error was blamed for the crash. * On May 7, 2002, [[China Northern Airlines Flight 6136]] from [[Beijing]] to [[Dalian]], a [[McDonnell-Douglas]] [[MD-82]] (Reg. B-2138) airliner, crashed into the [[Yellow Sea]] about {{convert|6|mi}} off the [[Dalian]] coast, killing all 112 on board. It was later determined that a passenger who wanted to commit suicide started a fire on board the aircraft.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100811223347/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=05072002®=B-2138&airline=China+Northern+Airlines Accident Database]}}, AirDisaster.Com</ref><ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020507-1 ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-82 B-2138 Dalian], Aviation Safety Network</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Portal|China|Companies|Aviation}} {{commons category|China Northern Airlines}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.cna.com.cn/Eng/index-en.html China Northern Airlines] (Archive) * [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.cna.com.cn China Northern Airlines] (Archive) {{in lang|zh}}
{{Defunct airlines of China}} {{Airlines of the People's Republic of China}} {{China Southern Airlines}} {{Transport in China}}
{{Clear}}
[[Category:China Northern Airlines| ]] [[Category:Defunct airlines of China]] [[Category:Airlines established in 1990]] [[Category:Airlines disestablished in 2004]] [[Category:Chinese companies disestablished in 2004]] [[Category:China Southern Airlines]] [[Category:Chinese companies established in 1990]] [[Category:1990 establishments in Beijing]]