{{short description|Chinese major national oil and gas corporation}} {{about|the state-owned enterprise in China|the state-owned enterprise in Taiwan|CPC Corporation}} {{Infobox company | name = China National Petroleum Corporation | native_name = {{lang|zh|中国石油天然气集团有限公司}} | logo = [[Image:China National Petroleum Corporation logo.svg|250px]] | image = [[Image:中石油大楼远景.jpg|250px]] | image_caption = CNPC headquarters | type = [[State-owned enterprise]] | traded_as = | predecessor = | successor = | founder = | defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | fate = | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = [[Dai Houliang]] ([[chairman]])<br/>[[Hou Qijun]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]]) | industry = [[Oil and gas industry|Oil and gas]] | products = [[Petroleum]], [[natural gas]], and other [[petrochemical]]s | production = {{Decrease}} 178.64 million [[Tonne|MT]] crude oil (2020)<br>{{Increase}} 160.35 billion [[Cubic metre|CM]] natural gas (2020)<ref name=cnpc6>{{cite report|author=China National Petroleum Corporation|title=2020 Annual Report|date=July 2, 2021|access-date=May 21, 2022|page=6|url=https://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/2020enbvfgrme/202107/fc4d937740b146ed9999fadcc26273b4/files/61c4314b3922431caa93dcf48f02ab20.pdf}}</ref> | services = | revenue = {{increase}} {{CNY|3.400 trillion|link=yes}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/2022enbyfgrme/202307/d999e8735fcb42c590cbc9e06a24fd35/files/0af045dccf63494c9827e99dbb19ffb3.pdf |pages=54–57 |title=Annual Report 2022 |publisher=China National Petroleum Corporation}}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|298.5 billion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/> | net_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|180.4 billion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/> | assets = {{increase}} {{CNY|4.395 trillion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/> | equity = {{increase}} {{CNY|2.508 trillion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/> | num_employees = 1,090,345 (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/> | parent = | divisions = | subsid = [[PetroChina]] | footnotes = in consolidated basis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shclearing.com/xxpl/cwbg/nb/201604/t20160429_150530.html|title=中国石油天然气集团公司2015年度报告|trans-title=China National Petroleum Corporation 2015 Annual Report|date=29 April 2016|access-date=7 May 2016|publisher=Shanghai Clearing House|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924063402/http://www.shclearing.com/xxpl/cwbg/nb/201604/t20160429_150530.html|archive-date=24 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | caption = | foundation = {{Start date and age|1988}} | location_city = [[Dongcheng District, Beijing|Dongcheng District]], [[Beijing]] | location_country = China | location = | locations = {{Increase}} 22,612 ''(service stations)'' (2019)<ref name=cnpc6 /> | homepage = {{Official URL}} }} {{Infobox Chinese | s = 中国石油天然气集团公司 | t = 中國石油天然氣集團公司 | p = Zhōngguó Shíyóu Tiānránqì Jítuán Gōngsī | altname = Abbreviated as | s2 = 中国石油集团 | t2 = 中國石油集團 | p2 = Zhōngguó Shíyóu Jítuán | order = st }}
The '''China National Petroleum Corporation''' ('''CNPC'''; {{lang-zh|s=中国石油天然气集团公司|t=|p=Zhōngguó Shíyóu Tiānránqì Jítuán Gōngsī}}){{efn|A common shortname for the corporation in Chinese, ''Zhongguo Shiyou'' (中国石油), formerly shared the same name as the [[Chinese Petroleum Corporation]], the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan)'s state-owned fuel corporation.}} is a major national [[oil and gas]] corporation of China and one of the largest integrated energy groups in the world. Its headquarters are in [[Dongcheng District, Beijing|Dongcheng District]], [[Beijing]].<ref>"[http://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/contact/contact.htm Contact Us]." China National Petroleum Corporation. Retrieved on July 8, 2010. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505090519/http://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/contact/contact.htm |date=May 5, 2010 }}</ref> CNPC was ranked fourth in 2022 [[Fortune Global 500]], a global ranking of the largest corporations by revenue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global 500 |url=http://fortune.com/global500/ |access-date=16 December 2020 |website=Fortune}}</ref>
In 2024, CNPC was responsible for 655 Mt of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, which was 1.7% of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=InfluenceMap |title=Carbon Majors: 2024 Data Update |url=https://carbonmajors.org/briefing/Carbon-Majors-2024-Data-Update-35466 |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=carbonmajors.org |language=en}}</ref>
==Corporate structure== CNPC is the government-owned parent company of publicly listed [[PetroChina]], which was created on November 5, 1999, as part of the restructuring of CNPC. In the restructuring, CNPC injected into PetroChina most of the assets and liabilities of CNPC relating to its [[hydrocarbon exploration]] and production, [[Oil refinery|refining]] and marketing, chemicals and [[natural gas]] businesses. CNPC and PetroChina develop overseas assets through a joint venture, the CNPC Exploration & Development Company (CNODC), which is 50% owned by PetroChina.
In March 2014, CNPC Chairman [[Zhou Jiping]] announced that CNPC would be opening six business units to private investors.<ref>{{cite web|title=CNPC chairman starts courting private investors|url=http://petroglobalnews.com/2014/03/cnpc-chairman-starts-courting-private-investors/|publisher=Petro Global News and Oil Patch Asia, LLC|access-date=10 March 2014|date=2014-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025113747/http://petroglobalnews.com/2014/03/cnpc-chairman-starts-courting-private-investors/|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
CNPC also has a memorandum of understanding with UOP Llc, under which the two companies will collaborate on a range of [[biofuel]]s technologies and projects in China.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095821180970240X | doi=10.1016/S0958-2118(09)70240-X | title=UOP and CNPC collaborate on biofuels projects in China | journal=Membrane Technology | year=2009 | volume=2009 | issue=12 | pages=1–16 | url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==History== Unlike the [[CPC Corporation|Chinese Petroleum Corporation]] (CPC Corporation), which was relocated to [[Taiwan]] with the retreat of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] following the communist revolution in 1949, CNPC originated as a governmental department under the [[Politics of the People's Republic of China|Government of the People's Republic of China]]. In 1949, the Chinese government formed a 'Fuel Industry Ministry' dedicated to the management of [[fuel]]. In January 1952 a division of the fuel ministry was formed to manage petroleum exploration and mining, called the 'Chief Petroleum Administration Bureau'. In July 1955 a new ministry was created to replace the Fuel Industry Ministry, called the Ministry of Petroleum. From 1955 to 1969, approximately 4 oil fields were found in 4 areas in [[Qinghai]], [[Heilongjiang]] ([[Daqing oilfield]]), [[Bohai Bay]] and [[Songliao]] basin. CNPC was created on 17 September 1988, when the government decided to create a state-owned company to handle all Petroleum activities in China and disbanded the Ministry of Petroleum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PetroChina Co., Ltd. |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Companies/PetroChina-Co.-Ltd2 |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=China National Petroleum Corporation 中国石油天然气集团 – Company Profile on ChinaEDGE |url=https://thechinaproject.com/company-profiles/china-national-petroleum-corporation/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=The China Project |language=en-US}}</ref>
CNPC's international operations began in 1993. The CNPC subsidiary SAPET signed a service contract with the government of [[Peru]] to operate Block VII in the [[Talara Province]] basin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapet to Invest US$11mn in Block VI/VII in Peru |url=https://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/6765/sapet_to_invest_us11mn_in_block_vivii_in_peru/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=www.rigzone.com |language=en}}</ref> This was followed by an oil contract with the government of [[Sudan]] "In June 1997, the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company was established with the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) taking 40 percent ownership".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Joseph |title=Sudan: China's Original Foothold in Africa |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/sudan-chinas-original-foothold-in-africa/ |website=The diplomate |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427005809/https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/sudan-chinas-original-foothold-in-africa/ |archive-date=27 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2005 it was announced that CNPC agreed to buy the Alberta-based [[PetroKazakhstan]] for US$4.18 billion, then the largest overseas acquisition by a Chinese company. The acquisition went through on 26 October 2005 after a Canadian court turned down an attempt by [[LUKoil]] to block the sale.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4378298.stm|title=CNPC secures PetroKazakhstan bid|date=26 October 2005|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415211730/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4378298.stm|archive-date=15 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006 67% of shares were sold from the parent company to PetroChina<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cei.gov.cn/ce/doc/cenm/200608245491.htm|title=PetroChina to acquire 67% interests in PetroKazakhstan|language=zh}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In June 1997, the company bought a 60.3% stake in the Aktobe Oil Company of [[Kazakhstan]], and in July 1997 CNPC won an oil contract for the [[Intercampo oil field|Intercampo oilfield]] and East Caracoles oilfield in [[Venezuela]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
In July 1998, the government restructured the company in accordance with the [[upstream (oil industry)|upstream]] and [[downstream (oil industry)|downstream]] principle of the oil industry.<ref>[http://www.cnpc.com.cn/eng/company/presentation/history/ History of CNPC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823224112/http://www.cnpc.com.cn/eng/company/presentation/history/ |date=2007-08-23 }}, CNPC website.</ref> and CNPC spun off most of its domestic assets into a separate company, [[PetroChina]]. On 5 November 2007, HK listed PetroChina was listed as an [[A-share (mainland China)|A-share]] in the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Greenlees |first1=Donald |last2=Lague |first2=David |date=2007-11-05 |title=PetroChina shares triple value in record IPO |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/05/business/worldbusiness/05iht-05bubble.8186962.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Driven by China's increasing energy needs and supported by the government's [[Go Out policy]], CNPC was among the state-owned enterprises which expanded internationally.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=77}} Because the more accessible oil resources had already been claimed, CNPC and other enterprises entered less politically stable countries with greater political and security risks.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=77}}
In 2012, a CNPC subsidiary, the Bank of Kunlun, was [[United States sanctions|sanctioned by the United States]] because of its financial relationship with the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] and the [[Quds Force]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-sanctions-china-exclusive-idUSKCN0J20CE20141119|title=Iran uses China bank to transfer funds to Quds-linked companies|last=Charbonneau|first=Louis|date=2014-11-19|access-date=2020-01-06|work=[[Reuters]]|language=en}}</ref>
In July 2013, CNPC and [[Eni]] signed a $4.2 billion deal to acquire a 20% stake in a [[Mozambique]] offshore natural gas block.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.oilreviewafrica.com/gas/gas/cnpc-eni-sign-mozambique-gas-deal-for-us-4-2-billion| title=CNPC and Eni sign Mozambique gas deal for US$4.2 billion| publisher=Oil Review Africa.com| date=16 July 2013| access-date=24 July 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506130214/http://www.oilreviewafrica.com/gas/gas/cnpc-eni-sign-mozambique-gas-deal-for-us-4-2-billion| archive-date=6 May 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2014, the "head of a key China National Petroleum subsidiary was recalled to Beijing" and fell "from public view".<ref name=wsj14>{{cite news|author1=Chester Dawson|author2=Alistair MacDonald|author3=Brian Spegele|title=Chinese Corruption Probe Stretches Into Canada Billion-Dollar Oil-Sands Project Is Left in Limbo|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-corruption-probe-stretches-into-canada-1406588882|access-date=7 August 2014|work=WSJ.com|publisher=Dow Jones & Company, Inc.|date=July 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709160739/http://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-corruption-probe-stretches-into-canada-1406588882|archive-date=9 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Replacement of China National Petroleum's top representative in Canada was announced in July.<ref name=wsj14 />
In February 2022, CNPC and Russia's [[Gazprom]] signed a supply contract for 10 bcm per year through the Far Eastern route.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=China, top Russian energy firms discuss developing oil and gas fields -CNPC |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/china-top-russian-energy-firms-discuss-developing-oil-gas-fields-cnpc-2023-11-01/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
Following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] the company continued doing business in Russia and was listed on Ukraine's [[International Sponsors of War]] along with Sinopec for continuing to pay Russian taxes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=Ukraine puts China’s three biggest oil producers on a ‘sponsors of war’ list |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3236695/ukraine-designates-chinas-biggest-oil-firms-sponsors-war-russian-joint-ventures |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
In July 2025, CNPC launch an [[international communication center]] to "tell China’s petroleum story well and spread China’s petroleum voice."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandurski |first=David |date=2025-07-07 |title=Oil Giant Adds Fuel to Soft Power Push |url=https://chinamediaproject.org/2025/07/07/oil-giant-to-fuel-state-propaganda/ |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=China Media Project |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Operations== [[File:Dalian China Fuel-price-at-a-China-National-Petroleum-Corporation-fuel-station-01.jpg|thumbnail|Fuel prices at a [[PetroChina]] petrol station in [[Dalian]], [[Liaoning]], China, 2009]] CNPC holds proven reserves of {{convert|3.7|Goilbbl|m3}} of oil equivalent. In 2007, CNPC produced 54 billion cubic metres of natural gas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-press-idUSHKG5010620081024?sp=true|publisher=Reuters|date=23 October 2008|title=UPDATE 1-PRESS DIGEST - China - Oct 24|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808062123/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/10/24/china-press-idUSHKG5010620081024?sp=true|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> CNPC has 30 international exploration and production projects with operations in [[Azerbaijan]], [[Canada]], [[Iran]], [[Indonesia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Oman]], [[Peru]], [[Sudan]], [[Niger]], [[Thailand]], [[Turkmenistan]], and [[Venezuela]]. Many of the company's exploration projects are carried out by the [[Great Wall Drilling Company]] (GWDC), a wholly owned drilling services company.<ref>Securities Daily August 2011</ref>
In 2018 the company announced it is building natural gas storage facilities with a total capacity of 55.6 billion cu m in the northern [[Henan]] province, to ease supply bottlenecks in the peak winter season. China has accelerated the construction of underground gas storage facilities due to the challenges faced in transporting gas last winter when logistical issues forced buyers to truck [[Liquefied natural gas|LNG]] thousands of kilometers from import terminals to consumption areas. The country has started an ambitious program to convert large numbers of coal-fired boilers to cleaner natural gas, to curb smog and pollution.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}
===Africa=== CNPC was the first Chinese enterprise to invest in Africa.<ref name=":322">{{Cite book |last1=Shinn |first1=David H. |title=China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement |last2=Eisenman |first2=Joshua |date=2023 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-21001-0 |location=New York |author-link=David H. Shinn}}</ref>{{Rp|page=165}} In 1996, it began developing oil fields previously discovered by Chevron in Sudan, but which Chevron had abandoned due to civil conflict in Sudan.<ref name=":322" />{{Rp|page=165}}
====South Sudan==== The Great Wall Drilling Company, a subsidiary of the China National Petroleum Company, invested $700 million in drilling 57 wells in [[Sudan]] over a 3-year period starting in 1997.<ref name="kingsofcrude">{{cite book |last1=Patey |first1=Luke |title=The New Kings of Crude |date=2014 |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.}}</ref> In 2010, the company was awarded a contract by the [[Ministry of Petroleum and Mining|Sudanese Petroleum Ministry]] to build 5 [[Drilling rig|oil rigs]] for $75.5 million.<ref name="retuers">{{cite news |date=September 29, 2010 |title=Sudan to drill 11 new oil wells for $166.5 mln |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE68S0FZ20100929 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912131413/https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE68S0FZ20100929 |archive-date=September 12, 2018 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
After South Sudan's independence in 2011, South Sudan's territory included many of the Sudanese oil fields where CNPC (as well as [[Sinopec]]) have significant interests.<ref name=":322" />{{Rp|page=165}} CNPC is a major investor in [[South Sudan]]'s oil sector. The company is major stockholder in [[Petrodar]] consortiums.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southsudan-unrest-china-idUSBRE9BJ0FV20131220 China to evacuate South Sudan oil workers to capital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191913/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/20/us-southsudan-unrest-china-idUSBRE9BJ0FV20131220 |date=2015-09-24 }}". Reuters. December 20, 2013.</ref>
The December 2013 beginning of the [[South Sudanese Civil War]] prompted Chinese policymakers to consider whether to relinquish oil fields and other investments or to continue to maintain them during the conflict.<ref name=":05">{{Cite book |last=Meng |first=Wenting |title=Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding |date=2024 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=9783838219073 |series=Ibidem |pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=130}} Ultimately, a minimum team of Chinese nationals working for CNPC remained to continue oil production.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=130}} This decision allowed South Sudan's oil sector to continue to operate although CNPC suffered huge losses given high transportation costs and low international oil prices.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|pages=130–131}} Continuing oil production helped China to earn trust from the South Sudanese government and support from the international community for its contribution in stabilizing South Sudan's economy.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|pages=130–131}}
==== Chad ==== As of 2023, CNPC operates oil fields in Chad with a Swiss company.<ref name=":322" />{{Rp|page=165}}
==== Mozambique ==== In Mozambique, CNPC owns 20% of two natural gas projects as of 2023.<ref name=":322" />{{Rp|page=165}}
==== Niger ==== CNPC runs a joint project, called Zinder Refining Co, with Niger's central government to operate the Soraz refinery. It was completed in 2011 after CNPC invested US $980 million.<ref name="smcpNya">{{cite news |last1=Nyabiage |first1=Jevans |title=China calls on Niger to tackle disputes with energy firms through dialogue |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3314253/china-calls-niger-tackle-disputes-energy-firms-through-dialogue |work=South China Morning Post |date=13 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":322" />{{Rp|page=165}} CNPC also runs Agadem oilfield;<ref name="smcpNya"/> which is the country's only operational oil field.<ref name=":322" />{{Rp|page=165}} In 2024, a pipeline was completed to bring Agadem oil to Benin. However, militants stopped the flow of oil causing large financial loses for CNPC.<ref name="smcpNya"/>
===Central Asia=== ====Afghanistan==== In December 2011, [[Afghanistan]] signed a deal with CNPC for the development of oil blocks in the [[Amu Darya]] basin, a project expected to earn billions of dollars over two decades; the deal covered drilling and a refinery in the northern provinces of [[Sar-e Pol Province|Sar-e Pol]] and [[Faryab]] and was the first international oil production agreement entered into by the Afghan government for several decades.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/afghanistan-cnpc-idUSL3E7NS3PR20111228 |title=REFILE-Afghanistan signs major oil deal with China's CNPC|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|last=Harooni|first=Mirwais|date=2011-12-28|access-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117150149/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/28/afghanistan-cnpc-idUSL3E7NS3PR20111228 |archive-date=2012-01-17|url-status=live}}</ref> All CNPC operations were shut down in Afghanistan due to the Taliban takeover.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}}
====Kazakhstan==== CNPC is one of the most active Chinese companies in the petroleum sector in Kazakhstan.<ref>Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329310641 China's Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia]", in Fanny M. Cheung and Ying-yi Hong (eds) ''Regional Connection under the Belt and Road Initiative. The Prospects for Economic and Financial Cooperation''. London: Routledge, p. 119.</ref> It is heavily involved in the development of [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] oil after the acquisition of Alberta-based [[PetroKazakhstan]], a company with all operations in Kazakhstan. The company was purchased for $4.18 billion. Political resistance in Kazakhstan to the deal was placated by the sale of a minority stake in PetroKazakhstan by CNPC to [[KazMunaiGaz]], the Kazakh state-owned oil company.
In June 2023, CNPC received full support from [[Samruk-Kazyna]] for investments in the expansion of Kazakhstan's gas and oil pipeline capacities, as well as the construction of a sour gas processing plant to be located at the [[Kashagan Field|Kashagan]] offshore development site. In addition, CNPC was involved in the upgrade projects at the [[Şymkent|Shymkent]] oil refinery.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} Through the implementation of these projects, China would be able to receive oil produced and then diverted from Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afanasiev |first=Vladimir |date=2023-06-07 |title=Kazakhstan set to boost business with China |url=https://www.upstreamonline.com/exploration/kazakhstan-set-to-boost-business-with-china/2-1-1463422 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Upstream Online {{!}} Latest oil and gas news |language=en}}</ref> The modernisation of the oil refinery in Shymkent was completed in August 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-08-23 |title=China's CNPC completes upgrade at Kazakh's Shymkent refinery |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-kazakhstan-refinery-idAFL3N1VE1PR |access-date=2023-09-13}}</ref>
'''<big>Pakistan</big>'''
Great Wall Drilling Corporations (GWDC) was operating in Pakistan until 2008. In 2008, all of GWDC operations and assets in Pakistan were acquired by Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited (CCDC) another subsidiary of CNPC.
====Uzbekistan==== In 2006, CNPC formed an international consortium with state-run [[Uzbekneftegaz]], [[LUKoil]] Overseas, [[Petronas]], and [[Korea National Oil Corporation]] to explore and develop oil and gas fields in the [[Aral Sea]].<ref name=GAS>[http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=10748305&PageNum=0 Uzbekistan, intl consortium ink deal on exploring Aral Sea] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727223036/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=10748305&PageNum=0 |date=July 27, 2010 }} ITAR-Tass</ref>
===East Asia=== ====China==== In October 2004, CNPC began construction of a [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] from the Middle East to [[Xinjiang]] province.{{Citation needed|date=June 2016}}
In June 2023, [[QatarEnergy]] signed a 27- year deal with CNPC for 4 million metric tons of LNG to be delivered yearly. This is the second agreement that Qatar has made with a Chinese company in less than a year. In November 2022, [[Sinopec]] and [[QatarEnergy]] made a similar deal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qatar seals 27-year LNG deal with China as competition heats up|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/qatarenergy-signs-27-year-lng-deal-with-chinas-sinopec-2022-11-21|access-date=2022-11-21|website=Reuters|date=21 November 2022 |language=en |last1=Mills |first1=Andrew |last2=Dahan |first2=Maha El |last3=Dahan |first3=Maha El }}</ref> Both CNPC and Sinopec also have an equity stake in the Qatar North Field eastern expansion which amounts to about 5% of an LNG train of 8 million metric tons of year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qatar strikes second big LNG supply deal with China|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/qatar-set-strike-second-big-lng-supply-deal-with-china-ft-2023-06-20/|access-date=2023-06-20|website=Reuters|date=20 June 2023 |language=en |last1=Mills |first1=Andrew |last2=Dahan |first2=Maha El |last3=Dahan |first3=Maha El }}</ref>
CNPC announced that it would begin a 457-day drilling project in the [[Taklamakan Desert|Taklimakan Desert]] in June 2023 to drill down to the Earth's core, 10,000 metres deep, for scientific purposes and to search for oil and gas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-01 |title=China is drilling a 10,000-meter-deep hole into the Earth |url=https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/china-is-drilling-a-10000-meter-deep-hole-into-the-earth |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Financial Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=China begins drilling 6.2-mile-deep hole into the Earth's crust |url=https://news.yahoo.com/china-begins-drilling-6-2-221659306.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref> In August 2023, CNPC also began ultra-deepwater exploration drilling in search for oil and gas to slowly enable China to rely less on foreign oil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Oil Giant CNOOC Shuts Down Oil Fields Amid Super Typhoon |url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Chinas-Oil-Giant-CNOOC-Shuts-Down-Oil-Fields-Amid-Super-Typhoon.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=OilPrice.com |language=en}}</ref>
===Europe=== ====Russia==== In May 2014, a 30-year deal between [[Russia]]'s [[Gazprom]] and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) which was 10 years in the making was estimated worth $400 billion. The agreement was signed at a summit in [[Shanghai]] and is expected to deliver some 38 billion cubic meters of natural gas a year, starting around 2018, to [[China]]'s burgeoning economy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-27503017|title=Russia's Putin signs 30 year gas deal with China|work=BBC News|date=21 May 2014|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211084816/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-27503017|archive-date=11 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Oceania=== ====New Zealand==== CNPC operated in New Zealand as CCDC (NZ) Drilling and had one drilling rig, a triple stand DC rig named Rig 43. CCDC NZ started workover/drilling operations in the Kapuni gas fields of South Taranaki New Zealand in late 2012 for "tight gas". The rig completed the Kapuni drilling campaign of 4 wells for STOS (Shell Todd Oil Services) in August 2013. Its next drilling project commenced August 2013 for Tag Oil with one well successfully drilled at Cheal C of a depth of just under 5,000m. The rig was then stood down pending appeals for the next stage of a drilling campaign for Tag Oil in March 2014. Due to the periods involved it was decided to end its drilling campaign in New Zealand. Rig 43 was then dismantled and shipped to other overseas locations and no longer operates in New Zealand.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
===South and Southeast Asia=== ==== Malaysia ==== China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering, a unit of CNPC, was the primary contractor working to establish two pipelines in Malaysia. The project was accused of involvement in corruption and was suspended by the [[Pakatan Harapan]] [[Seventh Mahathir cabinet|seventh cabinet]] of Malaysian Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad|Mahathir Mohamed]] in 2018. The company denied the allegations. In July 2019, Malaysian authorities seized $243.5M from China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering to compensate for the paid for but unfinished pipelines and transferred to a Malaysian government-owned business.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-china-idUSKCN1U9060|title=Malaysia seizes $240 million from Chinese state firm's bank...|date=2019-07-14|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-07-14|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714100313/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-politics-china-idUSKCN1U9060|archive-date=2019-07-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Sri Lanka ==== CNPC's subsidiary China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Corporation has been doing business in Sri Lanka since 1997.<ref name=":Chen">{{Cite book |last=Chen |first=Muyang |title=The Latecomer's Rise: Policy Banks and the Globalization of China's Development Finance |date=2024 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |isbn=9781501775857 |location=Ithaca and London}}</ref>{{Rp|page=93}} It became one of the first companies involved in the [[Hambantota International Port]] project when it began work on refueling facilities and oil tank projects following a 2005 agreement between Sri Lanka and China to facilitate the involvement of Chinese companies in the port development.<ref name=":Chen" />{{Rp|page=93}}
===West Asia=== ====Iraq==== {{Main|Rumaila field}} In March 2009, CNPC began development of Ahdab, an oil field in [[Wasit Governorate]] holding a modest one billion barrels, becoming "the first significant foreign investors" in Iraq.<ref name="ReferenceA">[https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB124293064819744203 "China Faces Unexpected Problem Drilling for Oil in Iraq -- Farmers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314143339/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB124293064819744203 |date=2016-03-14 }} ''The Wall Street Journal'' May 22, 2009 Gina Chon</ref> The contract is a renegotiated version of a 1997 agreement between China and Iraq under [[Saddam Hussein]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/28/AR2008082802200.html Iraq and China Sign $3 Billion Oil Contract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228173244/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/28/AR2008082802200.html |date=2018-12-28 }} ''Washington Post'' August 29, 2008 Amit R. Paley</ref> The project progressed despite security problems with local farmers. Dozens of farmers complained of damage to property because of work on the site and Iraqi oil officials claimed thievery from the oil site by local farmers.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Ahdab is not expected to be a major profit center, earning the company a projected 1 percent profit, but the field was seen as an entry strategy into Iraq.
Following Ahdab, CNPC obtained a production contract during the [[Economy of Iraq#2009 Oil services contracts|2009/2010 Iraqi oil services contracts tender]] to develop the much larger "[[Rumaila field]]" with joint venture partner [[BP]], which contains an estimated {{convert|17.8|Goilbbl|m3}} of oil. It is expected that crude oil production from Rumaila will expand by 10% by the end of 2010 once the BP PLC/CNPC consortium takes over development of the field in June 2010.<ref name="GT-DEX-2009-53">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/world/middleeast/06iraqoil.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&em | work=The New York Times | title=China Oil Deal Is New Source of Strife Among Iraqis | first=Timothy | last=Williams | date=2009-09-06 | access-date=2010-04-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510202631/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/world/middleeast/06iraqoil.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&em | archive-date=2013-05-10 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>"CNPC: To Raise Iraq Rumaila Oilfield Output 10% By Year-End" ''The Wall Street Journal''[https://www.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100419-716983.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines]</ref> A contract was also awarded to a consortium led by [[CNPC]] (37.5%), including [[TotalEnergies]] (18.75%) and [[Petronas]] (18.75%) for the "[[Halfaya Field|Halfaya field]]" in the south of Iraq, which contains an estimated {{convert|4.1|Goilbbl|m3}} of oil.<ref name="GT-DEX-2010-62">{{cite news|title=Shell walks away with Majnoon|url=http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article201498.ece|publisher=upstreamonline.com|date=11 December 2009|access-date=22 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926032204/http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article201498.ece|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GT-DEX-2010-63">{{cite news|title=Halfaya trio sign on dotted line|url=http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article204570.ece|access-date=22 August 2012|publisher=upstreamonline.com|date=27 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926032236/http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article204570.ece|archive-date=26 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
In August 2023, CNPC Daqing Drilling Engineering Co was awarded an EPC to drill wells with two rigs located in the Rumaila oilfield in Iraq. The engineering, procurement and construction contract is said to be worth $194 million and the number of wells allowed to be drilled were not disclosed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-11 |title=CNPC's Daqing unit awarded $194 mln drilling contract in Iraq |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/cnpcs-daqing-unit-awarded-194-mln-drilling-contract-iraq-2023-08-11/ |access-date=2023-09-13}}</ref>
CNPC took over the [[West Qurna Field|West Qurna]] 1 oilfield in January 2024 from [[ExxonMobil]]. The oilfield is located Northwest of [[Basra]] and produces over 25 million tonnes of [[Petroleum|crude oil]] annually.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-01 |title=ExxonMobil hands over operations at West Qurna 1 oilfield to PetroChina |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exxonmobil-hands-over-operations-west-qurna-1-oilfield-petrochina-2024-01-01/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Shivam |date=2024-01-02 |title=ExxonMobil transfers West Qurna 1 oilfield in Iraq to PetroChina |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/exxonmobil-west-qurna-1-oilfield/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Offshore Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
====Iran==== CNPC became increasingly involved in the development of [[Ahvaz Field|Iranian oil fields]] following [[International sanctions against Iran|international sanctions]] that targeted the Iranian oil and gas sectors leading many European energy companies such as [[Shell Oil]], [[Repsol]], etc. to shut down operations in Iran. The CNPC along with Sinopec has been involved in various projects relating to Iran's oil/gas development. As of 2011, CNPC has been developing Iran's age-old [[Masjed Soleyman oil field|Masjed Soleyman Oil Field]], the oldest oil field of the Middle East, together with [[Iran]]ian counterpart [[NIOC]] in a deal worth 200 million dollars. Production from this particular oil field was expected to increase in 2011 from {{convert|2500|oilbbl|m3}} a day to {{convert|25000|oilbbl|m3}} after the completion of the first phase, and to {{convert|55000000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on}} following the completion of phase 2 of the project.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100842196444 | work=[[Jaam-e Jam (newspaper)|Jaam-e Jam]] | title=Increase of Iranian Oil Production | date=2011-04-29 | access-date=2011-04-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728141020/http://www.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100842196444 | archive-date=2011-07-28 | url-status=live }}</ref>
In August 2018, [[TotalEnergies]] officially withdrew from the Iranian [[South Pars gas field]] because of sanctions pressure from the US,<ref name="dwir">{{cite news |title=French energy giant Total officially pulls out of Iran |url=https://www.dw.com/en/french-energy-giant-total-officially-pulls-out-of-iran/a-45150849 |publisher=DW.com |date=20 August 2018 |access-date=6 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006181116/https://www.dw.com/en/french-energy-giant-total-officially-pulls-out-of-iran/a-45150849 |archive-date=6 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> leaving CNPC to take up their 50.1% stake in the $5 billion natural gas field, of which it had already 30%.<ref name=apgm/> It held this 80.1% share until it withdrew its investment in October 2019 due to the US sanctions on Iran, according to Oil Minister [[Bijan Namdar Zangeneh|Bijan Zangeneh]] quoted by the SHANA news agency.<ref name="apgm">{{cite news |title=Iran says China's state oil firm withdraws from US$5-billion natural gas deal; U.S. sanctions may be to blame |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/article-iran-says-chinas-state-oil-firm-withdraws-from-us5-billion-natural/ |agency=Associated Press |publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc |date=6 October 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006231306/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/article-iran-says-chinas-state-oil-firm-withdraws-from-us5-billion-natural/ |archive-date=6 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Syria==== CNPC with Indian state oil firm, [[ONGC]] created a joint venture to acquire minority stakes ranging from about 33.3% to 39% in several mature Syrian oil and natural gas properties. The combined entity was a notable instance of cooperation between two state oil firms that regularly competed for assets around the world.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB113511669929227762 "India, China Win On Venture's Bid For Syria Oil Stake "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314041825/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB113511669929227762 |date=2016-03-14 }} ''The Wall Street Journal''Dec 21, 2005</ref>
==== Qatar ==== In June 2023, CNPC signed a 27-year deal with [[QatarEnergy]] for 4 million metric tons of LNG to be delivered yearly.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2023-06-20 |title=QatarEnergy, China's National Petroleum Corp to sign 27-year LNG deal |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/qatarenergy-chinas-national-petroleum-corp-sign-27-year-lng-deal-sources-2023-06-20/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> CNPC also has an equity stake in the Qatar North Field eastern expansion which amounts to about 5% of an LNG train of 8 million metric tons of year.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mills |first1=Andrew |last2=Dahan |first2=Maha El |date=2023-06-20 |title=Qatar strikes second big LNG supply deal with China |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/qatar-set-strike-second-big-lng-supply-deal-with-china-ft-2023-06-20/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref>
==Controversies==
=== Corruption allegations === In September 2013, [[Jiang Jiemin]], a former chairman of PetroChina, a subsidiary of CNPC, was abruptly removed from his role as director of the [[State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council]] and investigated for corruption and abuse of power, along with four other senior oil executives.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buckley |first1=Chris |last2=Ansfield |first2=Jonathan |date=1 September 2013 |title=Senior Chinese Official Falls Under Scrutiny as Some Point to Larger Inquiry |newspaper=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/02/world/asia/senior-chinese-official-is-investigated-for-graft.html |access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> [[Jiang Jiemin|Jiang]] was considered an ally of corrupt former security chief [[Zhou Yongkang]], and part of a group of officials that had political ties with Zhou. On October 12, 2015, the court found [[Jiang Jiemin|Jiang]] guilty on all counts, including accepting bribes, possessing dark assets, and abusing his power. He was sentenced to 16 years in prison.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2015 |title=Former China energy chief Jiang Jiemin jailed for corruption |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-34503469 |access-date=12 October 2015 |website=BBC}}</ref>
In January 2017, former [[PetroChina]] vice chairman [[Liao Yongyuan]] was sentenced to 15 years in prison for abuse of power and accepting nearly $2 million worth of bribes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China: Former Oil Executive Jailed For Taking US$ 2 Million in Bribes |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/5994-china-former-oil-executive-jailed-for-taking-us-2-million-in-bribes |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=www.occrp.org |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Spegele |first=Brian |date=2015-03-16 |title=PetroChina Vice Chairman Under Investigation |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/petrochina-vice-chairman-under-investigation-for-graft-allegations-1426511466 |access-date=2022-03-15 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
In October 2021, the [[Central Commission for Discipline Inspection]] announced that it was investigating former [[PetroChina]] vice president Ling Xiao, for "serious disciplinary violations."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-04 |title=Former PetroChina executive under probe for suspected graft |url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2021/10/04/china-corruption-petrochina |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref>
=== Lanzhou Petrochemical contamination === In 2014, Lanzhou Petrochemical, a subsidiary of CNPC, was responsible for ethylene and ammonia leaks, benzene contamination of water supplies, and air pollution in [[Lanzhou]]. City officials criticized the company and demanded an apology.<ref>{{cite news |author=He Huifeng |date=11 January 2015 |title=Chinese city lashes PetroChina unit over chemical leaks |newspaper=South China Morning Post |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1678520/chinese-city-lashes-petrochina-unit-over-chemical-leaks |access-date=2015-02-10}}</ref>
===2003: Chongqing deadly gas leakage=== On 23 December 2003, a gas blowout occurred at the Luojia No. 16H gas well. The toxic fumes killed 243 people and hospitalized substantially more.<ref name="english.gov.cn">{{cite web|title=Prompt response to gas leakage keeps locals safe, sound|url=http://english.gov.cn/2006-03/28/content_238566.htm|publisher=Chinese Government's Official Web Portal|access-date=29 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502082645/http://english.gov.cn/2006-03/28/content_238566.htm|archive-date=2 May 2006}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tragedy of errors in gas blowout |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2004-01/12/content_297948.htm |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> Specialists concluded that the accident was the result of negligence on the part of Eastern Sichuan Drilling Company, which was working under China National Petroleum Corporation.<ref name=":0" /> They concluded that Sichuan technicians had failed to fix a blowout-prevention valve, a basic safety measure, that the gas well was built too close to homes, that workers failed to promptly inform authorities, that workers neglected to ignite the gas to prevent disaster, and that the company had not undergone an official environmental and safety assessment before commencing operations.<ref name=":0" /> On March 25, 2006, another leak in the Luojia No. 2 gas well in Chongqing required the evacuation of 15,000 people.<ref name="english.gov.cn" /> Three attempts were required to properly seal the leak.<ref>{{cite web |title=Efforts made to cap leaking gas well |url=http://english.gov.cn/2006-03/31/content_241375.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425071625/http://english.gov.cn/2006-03/31/content_241375.htm |archive-date=25 April 2006 |access-date=29 May 2012 |publisher=Chinese Government's Official Web Portal}}</ref>
===Suspension of operations in Chad=== In August 2013, the operations of a CNPC subsidiary in [[Chad]] were suspended entirely by the country's government after it had violated environmental standards while drilling for crude oil in the south of the country.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chad suspends China's CNPC unit over environment |language=en-US |work=U.S. |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chad-china-cnpc-idUSBRE97D0VN20130814 |access-date=2022-03-17}}</ref> "We found flagrant violations of environmental standards by the company ... CNPC's behavior was unacceptable," said Le Bemadjiel, Chad's minister of oil. The minister also claimed that CNPC discharged oil intentionally to reduce costs, did not have facilities to clean spilled crude oil, dumped crude oil without safeguards, and asked locals to help remove crude oil without providing them with appropriate protective gear.
In March 2014, Chad fined CNPC worth a total of $1.2 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-21 |title=Chad fines China's CNPC unit $1.2 billion for environmental damage |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chad-cnpc-fine-idUSBREA2K1NB20140321 |access-date=2022-03-18}}</ref> In August 2014, CNPC had five of its permits revoked after failing to pay the fine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad withdraws Chinese exploration permits |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2014/8/10/chad-withdraws-chinese-exploration-permits |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> In October 2014, CNPC agreed to pay $400 million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-27 |title=UPDATE 1-China's CNPC agrees to pay $400 mln to settle Chad dispute -Chad minister |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5N0SM54V20141027 |access-date=2022-03-18}}</ref>
===Jilin chemical plant explosion=== {{main|2005 Jilin chemical plant explosions}}
In November 2005, chemical plants belonging to [[PetroChina]], a subsidiary of CNPC, exploded in [[Jilin]], [[China]], resulting in 100 tons of [[benzene]], which is a carcinogen and toxic, pouring into the [[Songhua River]]. There was a slick of chemicals that spanned 80 kilometres.<ref name="Maximum fine over China pollution">{{cite news |date=25 January 2007 |title=Maximum fine over China pollution |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6299085.stm |access-date=22 May 2010}}</ref> [[Harbin]], another city along the [[Songhua River]], had to cut the water supply from almost 4 million people, for 5 days. More than 60 people were injured, five died, and one person was missing due to the incident. The spill reached as far as [[Khabarovsk]], [[Russia]], where residents stocked up on bottled water. The Russian city tried filtering its water of toxic substances, but couldn't guarantee the water was safe.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 December 2005 |title=Toxic leak reaches Russian city |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4551842.stm |access-date=22 May 2010}}</ref> [[China|China's]] environmental agency fined the company one million yuan (approximately $125,000, £64,000) for its pollution, which was the maximum fine that can be handed out in [[China]] for breaking an environmental law.<ref name="Maximum fine over China pollution" /> The Chinese government said that cleaning up the aftermath would require one billion US dollars.<ref name="Maximum fine over China pollution" /> [[Li Zhaoxing]], Chinese Foreign Minister at the time, issued a public apology to [[Russia]] due to the incident.<ref>{{cite web |author=Bezlova, Antoaneta |date=2 December 2005 |title=China's toxic spillover |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/GL02Cb06.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203010721/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/GL02Cb06.html |archive-date=3 December 2005 |access-date=2013-05-14 |publisher=Asia Times}}</ref> The Chinese press responded harshly to the authorities' response to the disaster.<ref>{{cite news |date=2005-11-24 |title=Chinese papers condemn Harbin 'lies' |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4465712.stm}}</ref> Another gas pipeline exploded on 20 January 2006 in Sichuan. Reportedly, nine were killed and nearly 40 injured.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gas pipeline blast kills 9 in Sichuan |url=http://english.gov.cn/2006-01/21/content_166562.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522212844/http://english.gov.cn/2006-01/21/content_166562.htm |archive-date=22 May 2014 |access-date=29 May 2012 |publisher=Chinese Government's Official Web Portal}}</ref>
===Oil spills=== {{main|Yellow River oil spill}} {{main|Xingang Port oil spill}} In January 2010, it was revealed that a CNPC diesel pipeline had burst near the confluence of the [[Chishui River|Chishui]] and [[Wei River|Weihe]] rivers, in [[Hualien County|Huaxian County]], [[Shaanxi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diesel spill contaminates Yellow River tributaries - China.org.cn |url=http://www.china.org.cn/environment/2010-01/05/content_19180544.htm |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=www.china.org.cn}}</ref> The extensive pollution ended up in the [[Yellow River]], [[China|China's]] longest waterway.
In July 2010, two pipelines exploded at an oil storage depot belonging to China National Petroleum Corp near Dalian's Xingang Harbour in [[Liaoning]] province which spilled an estimated 1,500 tonnes of crude into the sea.<ref>{{cite news |author=Agence France-Presse |date=19 July 2010 |title=China rushes to clean up oil spill |work=Yahoo! News |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20100719/wl_asia_afp/chinaenvironmentoilpollution |url-status=dead |access-date=20 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721132512/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20100719/wl_asia_afp/chinaenvironmentoilpollution |archive-date=July 21, 2010}}</ref> Two thousand firefighters took fifteen hours to subdue the fire and the spill reached a size of {{convert|180|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news | title=China Port Reopens After Oil Spill, Cleanup Continues | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/china-port-reopens-after-oil-spill-cleanup-continues-98853794/166050.html | work=Voice of America News | date=20 July 2010 | access-date=19 July 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722232155/http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/asia/China-Port-Reopens-After-Oil-Spill-Cleanup-Continues-98853794.html | archive-date=22 July 2010 | url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Trade anomalies === On January 19, 2022, Chinese authorities punished CNPC's subsidiary "PetroChina Fuel Oil Co Ltd" for alleged oil trade inconsistencies that "severely disrupted oil products market order... facilitated blind development of outdated production capacity at independent refineries...caused losses in government tax revenue indirectly," said the National Development and Reform Commission.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-19 |title=China punishes PetroChina unit for irregular oil trade |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/china-punishes-petrochina-irregular-trading-imported-oil-2022-01-19/ |access-date=2022-03-15}}</ref>
=== Human rights === In 2011, [[EarthRights International|Earthrights International]] accused PetroChina, a subsidiary of CNPC, of complicity in serious human rights abuses in [[Myanmar|Burma]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-03-29 |title=Chinese pipelines in Myanmar cause rights abuses, graft -report |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-myanmar-pipelines-idUKL3E7ET08P20110329 |access-date=2022-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Oil Company Linked to Human Rights Abuses in Burma (Myanmar) |url=https://earthrights.org/media_release/chinese-oil-company-linked-to-human-rights-abuses-in-burma-myanmar/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=EarthRights International |language=en-US}}</ref> a country known for militarily furthering its economic interests through the use of forced labor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-13 |title=Burmese villagers 'forced to work on Total pipeline' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/burmese-villagers-forced-to-work-on-total-pipeline-1771876.html |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1995-10-12 |title=Reports of Slave Labor on Pipeline Rouse Critics of Military in Burma |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1995/1012/12071.html |access-date=2022-03-15 |issn=0882-7729}}</ref>
=== Tax issues === In January 2014, the [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]] published research based on leaked financial records from the [[British Virgin Islands]], implicating CNPC, [[PetroChina]], [[Sinopec]], and [[China National Offshore Oil Corporation|CNOOC]] in offshore tax evasion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-22 |title=Chinese oil giants make use of offshore shell companies in Caribbean |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/22/chinese-oil-giants-offshore-shell-companies-caribbean |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-22 |title=China's Scandal-Torn Oil Industry Embraces Tax Havens - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/offshore/chinas-scandal-torn-oil-industry-embraces-tax-havens/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|China|Energy|Companies}} *[[List of oil spills]] *[[CNPC (HK)]] *''[[Natural Gas Industry]]'' *[[Petroleum industry in China]]
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== *{{Official website}}
{{China National Petroleum Corporation}} {{Oil and gas companies of the People's Republic of China}} {{Petroleum industry}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Oil companies of China]] [[Category:Natural gas companies of China]] [[Category:National oil and gas companies]] [[Category:Oil pipeline companies]] [[Category:Companies owned by the central government of China]] [[Category:Energy companies established in 1988]] [[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1988]] [[Category:Chinese companies established in 1988]] [[Category:Dongcheng, Beijing]] [[Category:China National Petroleum Corporation| ]] [[Category:Government owned energy companies of China]]