Chiltonia

{{Short description|Genus of crustaceans}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Chiltonia | authority = Stebbing, 1899 <ref>{{cite web |first=Jim |last=Lowry |year=2009 |title=''Chiltonia'' Stebbing, 1899 |publisher=World Register of Marine Species |url= http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=431279 |access-date=14 April 2010}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = *{{nowrap|''Chiltonia enderbyensis'' Hurley, 1954}} *''Chiltonia mihiwaka'' (Chilton, 1898) *''Chiltonia minuta'' Bousfield, 1964 *''Chiltonia rivertonensis'' Hurley, 1954 }}

'''''Chiltonia''''' is a genus of amphipod crustaceans endemic to New Zealand. Four species are known, three of which live in fresh waters. They were first discovered by Charles Chilton in 1898 and the genus ''Chiltonia'' was erected the following year by T. R. R. Stebbing in Chilton's honour.

==''Chiltonia mihiwaka''== ''Chiltonia mihiwaka'' was the first of the species of ''Chiltonia'' to be described, when Charles Chilton named it in 1898 as a species in the genus ''Hyalella''. Subsequent taxonomic splits have restricted the name to the populations in the Southland and Otago regions in New Zealand's South Island.<ref name="Fenwick">{{cite journal |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand |volume=31 |issue=2 |year=2001 |url= http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/Site/publish/Journals/jrsnz/2001/25.aspx |first=Graham |last=Fenwick |title=The freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) of New Zealand: a review |pages=341–363 |doi=10.1080/03014223.2001.9517658 |bibcode=2001JRSNZ..31..341F |s2cid=84444015 |access-date=2010-04-14 |archive-date=2010-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525042845/http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/Site/publish/Journals/jrsnz/2001/25.aspx |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Chilton's original material was collected on Mihiwaka, a hill near Port Chalmers, Otago. Adults are approximately {{convert|5|mm|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|1.25|mm|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|2|mm|abbr=on}} deep.<ref name="Hurley">{{cite journal |first=Desmond Eugene |last=Hurley |year=1954 |title=Studies on the New Zealand Amphipodan Fauna. No. 2. The Family Talitridae: The Fresh-Water Genus ''Chiltonia'' Stebbing |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=563–577 |url=http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_81/rsnz_81_04_006630.pdf }}</ref>

==''Chiltonia enderbyensis''== ''Chiltonia. enderbyensis'' was named by Hurley in 1954 for the populations of ''Chiltonia'' living on New Zealand's subantarctic islands, namely Enderby Island (one of the Auckland Islands) and Campbell Island.<ref name="Fenwick"/> Males are approximately {{convert|8|mm|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|1.75|mm|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|1.5|mm|abbr=on}} deep, while females are {{convert|6|-|7|mm|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|1.5|mm|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|1.5|mm|abbr=on}} deep.<ref name="Hurley"/>

==''Chiltonia rivertonensis''== ''Chiltonia rivertonensis'' was also named by Hurley in 1954, for a population living in small streams near Riverton, Southland.<ref name="Fenwick"/> In November 2018 the Department of Conservation classified ''C. rivertonensis'' as "Nationally Critical" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Grainger |first1=Natasha |last2=Harding |first2=Jon |author2-link=Jon Harding |last3=Drinan |first3=Tom |last4=Collier |first4=K. |last5=Smith |first5=B. |last6=Death |first6=R. |last7=Makan |first7=T. |last8=Rolfe |first8=J. |date=November 2018 |title=Conservation status of New Zealand freshwater invertebrates, 2018 |url= https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs28entire.pdf |journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series |volume=28 |pages=1–29 |via=Department of Conservation}}</ref> The species was judged as meeting the criteria for Nationally Critical threat status as a result of it occupying only in one location, the total area of which is less than 1 hectare. It is considered as being "Data Poor" and "Range Restricted" under that system.<ref name=":0" />

==''Chiltonia minuta''== ''Chiltonia minuta'' was the last of the four species to be described, and its affinities remain unclear. Whereas all the other species occur in fresh water, ''C. minuta'' was collected under kelp on a beach on Campbell Island.<ref name="Fenwick"/>

==Australia== Two species from Australia, ''C. subtenuis'' and ''C. australis'' were described by Sayce in 1901 and 1902, respectively. Both are now considered to belong to the related genus ''Austrochiltonia''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rachael A. King |year=2009 |title=Redescription of the freshwater amphipod ''Austrochiltonia australis'' (Sayce) (Crustacea: Amphipoda, Chiltoniidae) |journal=Memoirs of Museum Victoria |volume=66 |pages=85–93 |doi=10.24199/j.mmv.2009.66.11 |url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/pages/12645/085-093_mmv66_king_austrochiltoniaaustralis_f.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025053743/http://museumvictoria.com.au/pages/12645/085-093_mmv66_king_austrochiltoniaaustralis_f.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 October 2012 }}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

Category:Talitrida Category:Freshwater crustaceans of New Zealand Category:Amphipod genera Category:Taxa named by Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing