Wampage

{{short description|Native American Siwanoy chieftain (c. 1620–1680)}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Wampage I | native_name = Anhōōke | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | nickname = | office = Siwanoy leader | term_start = | term_end = | predecessor = | successor = Wampage II | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = {{circa|1680}}<ref name="Pelliana" /> | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | known_for = Massacre of Anne Hutchinson | battles = | office2 = | party = | education = | spouse = Prasque (Anne), daughter of Romaneck | partner = | children = *Wampage II (Ninham-Wampage) *John Wampage White | parents = | relations = | blank1 = Mother tongue | data1 = Munsee<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | last = Goddard | first = Ives | author-link = | editor-last = Bruce G. | editor-first = Trigger | encyclopedia = Handbook of North American Indians | title = Delaware | year = 1978 | publisher = Smithsonian Institution | series = | volume = 15: Northeast | location = Washington, D.C. | id = | isbn = 978-0160045752 | pages = 213–214 }}</ref> | module = | signature = | footnotes = }}

'''Wampage I''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɒ|m|p|ɒ|g|iː}}),<ref name="Bradhurst">{{cite book |last= Bradhurst |first= A. Maunsell |title= My Forefathers: Their History from Records & Traditions |url= https://archive.org/details/myforefathersthe00brad |publisher=De La More Press |location=London |year=1910 |page=[https://archive.org/details/myforefathersthe00brad/page/16 16] }}</ref> also called '''Anhōōke'''<ref name="Pelliana">{{Citation | last =Pell | first =Robert T. | title =Thomas Pell II (1675/76-1739): Third Lord of the Manor of Pelham | journal =Pelliana: Pell of Pelham | volume =New Series, vol. I | issue =3 | pages =25–48 | date =1965 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LF9JAAAAMAAJ }}</ref><ref name="Bell">{{cite book |last= Bell |first= Blake A. |title= Thomas Pell and the Legend of the Pell Treaty Oak |publisher=iUniverse|location=New York|year=2004}}</ref>{{rp|18}} and later John White,<ref name="Pelliana" /><ref name="Council">{{cite encyclopedia | title = Foreign correspondence, 1st series, 1661-1748 | encyclopedia = Connecticut State Archives | volume = I | page = 14a }}</ref><ref name="Bell" />{{rp|8}} was a Sagamore{{efn|Although many historical sources refer to Wampage I as a "Sachem", the only title he was actually known to have used is "Saggamore" (''sic''), as this is the capacity in which he executed the 1654 treaty with Thomas Pell.<ref name="Bell" />{{rp|18–20, 59–60}} This is consistent with the traditional use of the title by Algonquian tribes.<ref name="sagamore">{{cite book | title=Merriam-Webster | year=2020 | chapter=sagamore | chapter-url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sagamore}} </ref>}} (or chieftain) of the Siwanoy Native Americans, who resided in the area now known as the Bronx and Westchester County, New York. He was involved in the murder of Anne Hutchinson and her fellow colonists in 1643.

Some time after 1636, he married Prasque, daughter of Romaneck, the paramount chief over the Wappinger "confederacy".<ref name="Pelliana" /> The Siwanoys, one of the western bands of the Wappingers, were involved in Kieft's War and numerous disputes with the colony of New Netherland during Wampage's chieftaincy.<ref name=HODGE>{{Cite book| title= Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico |volume=4| author= Hodge, Frederick Webb | author-link= Frederick Webb Hodge | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WouVBgAAQBAJ&q=Siwanoy&pg=PA669 | access-date=2020-06-06 |isbn=9781582187518|date=1912|publisher=Digital Scanning}}</ref> He was later involved in a legal dispute with Connecticut Colony, which ultimately required Privy Council intervention.<ref name="Council" /> His name was variously spelled as Wamponneage, Wampage, Wampus and Wampers.<ref name="Pelliana" /><ref name="Bell" />{{rp|8}}

==Role in Hutchinson massacre== The Siwanoys, under the leadership of Wampage I, massacred the family of Anne Hutchinson in August 1643. It has been written that Wampage himself was the murderer of Hutchinson and that he adopted the name of Anhōōke due to a Mahican custom of taking the name of a notable person personally killed.<ref name="Bronxville">{{cite book |last= Mays |first= Victor |title= Pathway to a Village: A History of Bronxville |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5e9OAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Nebko Press |year=1962 |page=14 }}</ref><ref name="Pelliana" /><ref name="Bell" />{{rp|18}} The name "Anne's Hoeck" (or Ann Hook's Neck) came to refer to the land where the massacre was believed to have occurred - now called Rodman's Neck. Numerous sources also indicate that the lone survivor of the attack, Anne's daughter Susanna Hutchinson, bore a son to Wampage while in Siwanoy captivity <ref name="Bronx">{{cite book |last=Ultan|first= Lloyd, and Barbara Unger |title=Bronx Accent: A Literary and Pictorial History of the Borough |year=2000|publisher=Rutgers University Press|page=5|isbn= 9780813528632 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nurkL6vV8UC }}</ref><ref name="Barr">{{cite book |last= Barr|first= Lockwood |title= Ancient Town of Pelham, Westchester County, New York |year= 1946 |publisher=Dietz Press|location=Richmond, Va.|pages=13, 34–35, plate XVI|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RywXAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="Pelliana" /> - Ninham-Wampage,<ref name="Colonial" /><ref name="Magazine" /><ref name="Pell Manor">{{cite book |last=Pell |first=Howland |year=1917 |title=The Pell Manor: Address Prepared for the New York Branch of the Order of Colonial Lords of Manors in America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOoM64BmVKUC |location=Baltimore |page= 16 |quote="[Thomas Pell II] married Anna, by tradition said to be the daughter of the reigning Indian Sachem Ninham-Wampage or Annahock." }}</ref> who would become Wampage II on his father's death.<ref name="Pelliana" /><ref name="Saunders" />

==Treaty with Thomas Pell== Not long after the massacre, Wampage befriended Thomas Pell, then the Indian Commissioner at Fairfield, Connecticut.<ref name="Pelliana" /> On June 27, 1654, 9,160 acres<ref name="Barr" />{{rp|13}} of land were sold by the Siwanoys to Pell, including portions of the Bronx and lands east of the Hutchinson River northward to Mamaroneck.<ref name="Bell" />{{rp|1}} Wampage and other Siwanoys signed a treaty under the Treaty Oak near Bartow Pell Mansion in Pelham. Wampage (as Anhōōke), along with Shāwānórōckquot, Poquōrūm, Wawhāmkus, and Mehúmōw, signed as "Saggamores". Cockho, Kamaque, and Cockinsecawa also signed as "Indyan Witnesses" to the "Articles of Agreement" section of the Treaty.<ref name="Bell" />{{rp|18–20, 59–60}} The treaty also required that the Siwanoys and the English peacefully attempt to resolve boundary disputes over the land in the future.<ref name="Bell" />{{rp|20}}

On March 10, 1658, Wampage I and Pell negotiated the definitive treaty between the English and the Siwanoys, establishing their territorial claims, which would later keep Wampage and the Siwanoys out of King Philip's War.<ref name="Pelliana" />

==Later life== thumb|Privy Council ruling on Wampage I (John Wampus alias White)<ref name="Council" /> Around 1677, the elderly Wampage went to Fairfield to collect on a bill of sale of lands to residents of the town, which lands he had inherited from his father in law, the late Romaneck.<ref name="Council" /> Nathan Gold, then Fairfield's chief magistrate, had Wampage beaten and thrown into jail. Gold argued that the English held all lands by right of conquest and that contracts between the English and Indians had no validity. Sir John Pell, the second Lord of Pelham Manor, intervened on Wampage's behalf, and represented him before the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. The Council ruled in Wampage's favor on March 28, 1679, denouncing Gold's "evill practices" and finding that "not only [Wampage] but all such Indians of New England as are [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|[the British monarch's]]] Subjects and submit peaceably and quietly to his Government shall likewise participate of his Royall Protection".<ref name="Pelliana" /><ref name="Council" />

By the time of the ruling, Wampage and Prasque had been baptized, taking the names of John and Anne White, respectively.<ref name="Pelliana" /> The Privy Council's ruling referred to him as "John Wampus alias White" and to his wife as "Anne the Daughter of Romanock late Sachem of Aspatuck & Sasquanaugh". Wampage died shortly thereafter, prior to July 1681.<ref name="Pelliana" /> While his place of burial is not definitively known, one source claimed that a mound on the northern coast of Rodman's Neck was Wampage's final resting place.<ref name="History">{{cite book |last= Bolton |first= Robert |title= History of the Several Towns, Manors, and Patents of the County of Westchester |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WdYpAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Chas. F. Roper |access-date = 2020-06-08 |location= New York |year = 1881 }}</ref>{{rp|36–37}}

==Descendants== Wampage I was known to have fathered two children:<ref name="Pelliana" /> * '''Wampage II''', or Ninham-Wampage,<ref name="Pell Manor" /><ref name="Magazine" /><ref name="Colonial">*{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Mackenzie |editor-first=George Norbury |title=Colonial Families of the United States of America |location=Baltimore |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company |year= 1966 |volume=I |page= 410 |quote="Thomas Pell, third Lord of the Manor, [...] [married] Anna, dau. of Ninham or Wampage, an Indian Sachem." }}</ref> by tradition said to be his son by Susanna Hutchinson<ref name="Barr" /><ref name="Bronx" /> (not to be confused with Daniel Nimham). On the death of Wampage I, Ninham-Wampage inherited his father's title and became Wampage II,<ref name="Saunders" /> Sachem of Ann Hook.<ref name="Pelliana" /> He appears to have also used a variation of Anhōōke as an alias;<ref name="Pell Manor" /><ref name="Magazine" /> he used the name "Wampage, alias Ann-hook" when he and another Sachem, Maminepoe, deeded additional lands to the trustees of Westchester in 1692.<ref name="History" />{{rp|291–292}} (This has inevitably led to some sources confusing the father and son.) Sources indicate that Wampage II's daughter,<ref name="Barr" /><ref name="Colonial" /><ref name="Saunders">{{cite book |last= Saunders |first= James B. |title= The Pelham Manor Story, 1891-1991 |year=1991 |pages=28–29 |quote="Sir John's eldest son, Thomas II, married Anna, the daughter of Wampage II, who had grown up on Hunter's Island next to the manor house." }}</ref><ref name="Pelliana" /> Anna (or Ann), married Thomas Pell II, who was the third Lord of Pelham Manor.<ref name="Barr" /><ref>{{cite book |last= Williams |first= Cornelia Bartow |title= The Ancestry of Lawrence Williams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6dbAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Privately published |year=1915 |pages=244–246 |quote="[Thomas Pell] married Ann, the daughter of the reigning Indian Chief of Westchester." }}</ref><ref name="Bradhurst" /><ref name="Pell Manor" /><ref name="Pelliana" /><ref name="Magazine">{{cite magazine | last = Schureman Judd | first = Frances Ida | title = American Ancestry of Samuel Tompkins and Martha Alphena (Todd) Schureman and their Descendants | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TdnjAAAAMAAJ | magazine = Detroit Society for Genealogical Research Magazine | location = | publisher = University of Michigan | year = 1938 | access-date = 2020-06-08 | page = 213 | quote = "Thomas Pell, born ca. 1675, inherited from his father the Manor of Pelham, thus becoming the Third Lord of Pelham. He married Anna [...] daughter of Ninham or Wampage, also known as 'Ann Hoock', chief of the Westchester Indians." }}</ref> Anna grew up on Hunter Island.<ref name="Saunders" /><ref name="Pelliana" /> * '''John Wampage White''', his son by Prasque (Anne), daughter of Romaneck; John married Elizabeth French, and their children were Elizabeth (who married John Tompkins), Mary and Nathaniel White.<ref name="Pelliana" />

== See also == *Siwanoy *Thomas Pell *Anne Hutchinson

== Footnotes == {{notelist}}

== References == {{reflist|2}}

Category:1680s deaths Category:Year of birth missing Category:Year of death uncertain Category:Chiefs of the Lenape Category:17th-century Native American leaders Category:People from New Netherland Category:People from Westchester County, New York Category:History of the Bronx Category:Kieft's War Category:Native American people from New York (state)