{{Short description|Office skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois}} {{Use American English|date=April 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox building | name = Kluczynski Federal Building | image = Chicago Federal Center.jpg | caption = The Chicago Federal Center designed by Mies van der Rohe includes the John C. Kluczynski Federal Building, at right. | location = 230 South Dearborn Street<br />Chicago, Illinois 60603 | coordinates = {{coord|41.8784|-87.6299|region:US-IL|display=inline,title}} | construction_start_date = 1960 | completion_date = 1974 | building_type = government offices and courts | antenna_spire = | roof = {{convert|562|ft|m|abbr=on}} | top_floor = | floor_count = 1 to 42 | elevator_count = | cost = | floor_area = {{convert|1,135,743|sqft|abbr=on}} | architect = Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Schmidt, Garden and Erikson; C. F. Murphy Associates; A. Epstein and Sons | structural_engineer = | main_contractor = | developer = | owner = General Services Administration | operator = | references = }}
The '''John C. Kluczynski Federal Building''' is a skyscraper in the downtown Chicago Loop located at 230 South Dearborn Street. The 45-story structure was designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and completed in 1974 as the last portion of the new Federal Center. It is {{convert|562|ft}} tall and with the Mies designed post office and plaza stands on the site previously occupied by the Chicago Federal Building by the architect Henry Ives Cobb. It was named in honor of U.S. Congressman John C. Kluczynski, who represented Illinois's 5th congressional district from 1951 to 1975 after his death in office.<ref name="fedctr" /> This is one of three buildings by Mies in the Federal Center Plaza complex: the others are the Loop Station Post Office and the Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse.
== Design == The John C. Kluczynski Building is constructed of a steel frame and contains {{convert|1200000|sqft|abbr=on}} of space. The exterior is sheathed in bronze-tinted glass set into bright aluminum frames. Beneath the windows are steel spandrel panels painted flat black and windows are separated horizontally by steel mullions of projecting steel I-beams also painted black. The two-story lobby is recessed allowing for a colonnade or ''pilotis'' to encircle the building at street level. The interior walls and floors of the lobby are covered in granite which extends to the plaza. The lobby contains several commemorative tablets which were removed from the previous building.
The entire complex is based on a {{convert|28|ft|abbr=on}} grid pattern so that seams of the granite pavers in the plaza extend into the building lobbies and up the sides to create unity among the three structures.<ref name="fedctr">{{cite web| title=Building Overview |publisher=General Services Administration |access-date=February 11, 2011 |url=http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ext/html/site/hb/category/25431/actionParameter/exploreByBuilding/buildingId/1062| archive-date=September 24, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041149/http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ext/html/site/hb/category/25431/actionParameter/exploreByBuilding/buildingId/1062| url-status=dead}}</ref> The Center is similar to Mies' earlier Toronto-Dominion Centre and was expanded in 1991 with the addition of the 28-story Metcalfe Federal Building to the south across Jackson Boulevard.<ref>{{cite news| title=Five things the TD Centre can teach us about how to build Toronto| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/five-things-the-td-centre-can-teach-us-about-how-to-build-toronto/article24227818/| last=Gee| first=Marcus| date=May 1, 2015| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| location=Toronto| access-date=November 22, 2021}}</ref>
== History == On August 28, 1996, eleven people, including Chicago Seven member David Dellinger and Abbie Hoffman's son Andrew, were arrested while demonstrating during the 1996 Democratic National Convention (occuring nearby) at the building.<ref>{{Citation|title= The Federal Protective Service arrested 11 protesters Wednesday in...|publisher= United Press International|date= August 28, 1996|url= https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/08/28/The-Federal-Protective-Service-arrested-11-protesters-Wednesday-in/9884841204800/|access-date= November 19, 2022}}</ref>
Following his election as president on November 4, 2008, Barack Obama established his administration's transitional offices in the federal building, prompting heightened security measures in the surrounding area.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://abc7chicago.com/archive/6500396/| work=WLS News| title=Agents Secure Obama's Offices| first=Charles| last=Thomas| date=November 11, 2008| access-date=February 11, 2011}}</ref>
In 2009, the General Services Administration (GSA) undertook a major project to improve energy efficiency which included solar film on windows, LED lighting, upgraded HVAC and other mechanical systems. After the work, the building received a LEED Silver certification.<ref>{{cite journal| title=For Chicago's architectural landmarks, retrofits must balance efficiency, integrity| url=https://energynews.us/2020/09/16/for-chicagos-architectural-landmarks-retrofits-must-balance-efficiency-integrity/| first=Audrey| last=Henderson| date=September 16, 2020| journal=Energy News Network| access-date=November 22, 2021}}</ref>
== Features == Alexander Calder's sculpture ''Flamingo'', a {{convert|53|ft|m|adj=mid|}} red steel sculpture, was unveiled on the plaza October 24, 1974.<ref name="gsa" /> The sculpture was conserved and restored in 1998.<ref name="conservation">{{cite web |title=Recoating Calder's Flamingo |publisher=SculptureConservation.com |year=2002 |access-date=February 11, 2011 |url=http://www.sculptureconservation.com/flamingo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516084927/http://www.sculptureconservation.com/flamingo.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 }}</ref> The plaza is also the site of a weekly farmers' market during the spring and summer seasons, open to the community.
== Tenants == Federal agencies in the building include the Air Force Recruiting Service, the Department of State Passport Agency, Department of Labor, Internal Revenue Service, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission, General Services Administration and offices for both the U.S. senators from Illinois, Richard "Dick" Durbin and Tammy Duckworth.<ref name="gsa">{{cite web| url=http://www.gsa.gov/jckfb| archive-url=https://archive.today/20121211230132/http://www.gsa.gov/jckfb| url-status=dead| archive-date=December 11, 2012| title=John C. Kluczynski Federal Building and U.S. Post Office, Loop Station| date=September 26, 2010| access-date=February 11, 2011 |publisher=General Services Administration}}</ref>
== Position in Chicago's skyline == {{Chicago skyline}}
== See also == * Chicago architecture
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{Chicago Skyscrapers}} {{Ludwig Mies van der Rohe}} {{Chicago Loop}} {{Authority control}}
Category:1970s architecture in the United States Category:1974 establishments in Illinois Category:Central Chicago Category:Federal buildings in the United States Category:Government buildings completed in 1974 Category:International Style architecture in Illinois Category:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe buildings Category:Modernist architecture in Illinois Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Chicago