Chibi, Hubei

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Chibi | official_name =  | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|赤壁市}}}} | settlement_type = County-level city | image_skyline = chibi.jpg | image_caption = Engravings on a cliffside near Chibi City | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = China Hubei | pushpin_mapsize = 225 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Hubei | coordinates = {{coord|29|43|N|113|54|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-42|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Hubei | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city | subdivision_name2 = Xianning | area_total_km2 = 1723 | elevation_m = 67 | elevation_ft = 221 | population_total = 470,355 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_density_km2 = auto | area_urban_km2 = 51.20 | area_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017">{{cite book |editor1=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |editor-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 |date=2019 |publisher=China Statistics Press |location=Beijing |page=66 |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618043019/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_urban = 289,798 | population_footnotes = | timezone = China Standard | utc_offset = +8 | area_code = 437300 | website = {{URL|http://www.chibi.gov.cn/}} }} '''Chibi''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|赤壁}} |p=Chìbì}}) is a county-level city in southeastern Hubei province, China. Neighboring Wuhan in the north and Yueyang in the south, Chibi is called the "South Gate of Hubei". It is under the administration of Xianning prefecture-level city. Chibi was called '''Puqi''' ({{zh|labels=no |c={{linktext|蒲圻}} |p=Púqí}}) until 11 June 1998, when the State Council approved its renaming to "Chibi" since it was alleged as the site of the famous Battle of Chibi that took place in the winter of 208/9 CE.<ref>"The engagement at the Red Cliffs took place in the winter of the 13th year of Jian'an, probably about the end of 208."{{Harvcol|de Crespigny|1990|pp=264}}</ref>

Chibi has an area of {{convert|1723|km2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chibi.gov.cn/show.asp?id=3563|title=Geography of Chibi|publisher=Chibi People's Government|date=11 October 2007|access-date=2008-07-14|language=zh|archive-date=14 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614162004/http://www.chibi.gov.cn/show.asp?id=3563|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a population of 470,355 as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chìbì Shì (County-level City, China) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/hubei/admin/xi%C3%A1nn%C3%ADng_sh%C3%AC/421281__ch%C3%ACb%C3%AC_sh%C3%AC/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chibi.gov.cn/Item/11.aspx|title=Demographics of Chibi|publisher=Chibi People's Government|date=11 October 2010|access-date=2008-07-14|language=zh|archive-date=18 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218044522/http://www.chibi.gov.cn/Item/11.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Population== In 1908 the entire county had a population of 185,004. In 1911 there were 42,455 families. In 1931, the county had 44,724 families and a population of 181,640. In 1953, after the first national population census, the county had 50,746 families and a population of 182,801. During the second national census in 1964, the county counted 58,055 families and a population of 248,391. 1961 to 1970 recorded the second largest population for the county (after the third national census) -- 75,560 families and a population of 387,789, where the birth rate was 18.24%, the mortality rate was 6.69%, and the growth rate was 11.7%.

In 1982, when the third national census took place, the county counted 385,662 Han Chinese people (99.45% of the population) and 2,131 minorities (0.55%) for a record total of 387,793. The minorities consisted of 1,929 Hui people, 51 Miao people, 49 Dong people, 21 Tujia people, 30 Zhuang people, 21 Manchu people, 6 Buyi people, 4 Tibetans, 3 Mongolians, 3 Yao people, 2 Uyghur, and 2 Korean.<ref>{{cite web|title=Populations and Ethics|url=http://www.chibi.gov.cn/Item/11.aspx|access-date=31 October 2010|archive-date=18 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218044522/http://www.chibi.gov.cn/Item/11.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Administrative divisions== The administrative division of Chibi dates from the Song dynasty. From the Song dynasty to the Yuan dynasty, it was reclassified as a township. In the Ming dynasty, it divided into a capital system. From the Qing dynasty to 1932, it changed to a township and group system. After 1949, the government of Chibi set up a district office as the county agency, managing several townships and communes. In 1975 it dismantled the district to become a township but was restored to district status in 1984. In 1987 the district once again was changed to town status.

Chibi has jurisdiction over ten towns, a township, three subdistricts, an agriculture zone, three state-owned agriculture, forestry, tea, 152 village committees, and 1,682 village groups.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:行政区划|trans-title=Administrative Divisions|url=http://www.chibi.gov.cn/Item/13.aspx|language=zh|publisher=Chibi Radio and Television (赤壁广播电视台)|quote={{lang|zh-hans|现辖9个镇、1个乡、3个办事处、1个农业开发区、3个国有农、林、茶、场，152个村民委员会，1682个村民小组。}}|date=31 October 2010|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024035427/http://www.chibi.gov.cn/Item/13.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/42/12/421281.html |script-title=zh:2016年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：赤壁市 |language=zh|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码名称 421281001000 蒲圻街道办事处 421281002000 赤马港街道办事处 421281003000 陆水湖街道办事处 421281100000 新店镇 421281101000 赵李桥镇 421281102000 茶庵岭镇 421281103000 车埠镇 421281104000 赤壁镇 421281105000 柳山湖镇 421281106000 神山镇 421281107000 中伙铺镇 421281108000 官塘驿镇 421281109000 黄盖湖镇 421281200000 余家桥乡 421281400000 蒲纺工业园 421281401000 官塘驿林场 421281402000 羊楼洞茶场 421281403000 沧湖开发区 421281404000 赤壁市经济开发区}}|date=2016|access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbmzt.gov.cn/xw/mzyw/201701/t20170106_316651.shtml|title=2016年湖北行政区划调整|language=zh|publisher=湖北省民政厅 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|湖北省行政区划一览表 (资料截止2016年底) 行政单位合计街道办事处镇乡 {...} 赤壁市 14 3 10 1}} |date=6 January 2017|accessdate=23 March 2018}}</ref>

Three subdistricts: *Puqi Subdistrict ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|蒲圻|街道}}), Chimagang Subdistrict ({{linktext|lang=zh|赤马港|街道}}), Lushuihu Subdistrict ({{linktext|lang=zh|陆水湖|街道}})

Ten towns: *Xindian ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|新店|镇}}), Zhaoliqiao ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|赵李桥|镇}}), Cha'anling ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|茶庵岭|镇}}), Chebu ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|车埠|镇}}), Chibi Town ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|赤壁|镇}}) (or {{lang|zh-hans|周郎嘴回族镇}}<ref>2005年7月12日,湖北省民政厅《关于赤壁市设立周郎嘴回族镇的批复》(鄂民政发[2005]47号)</ref>), Liushanhu ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|柳山湖|镇}}), Shenshan ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|神山|镇}}), Zhonghuopu ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|中伙铺|镇}}), Guantangyi ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|官塘驿|镇}}), {{citation needed span|Huanggaihu|date=June 2019|reason=Huang gě or gài hu}} ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|黄盖湖|镇}})

The only township is Yujiaqiao Township ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|余家桥|乡}})

Other areas: *Pufang Industrial Park ({{lang|zh-hans|蒲纺工业园}}), Guantangyi Forestry ({{lang|zh-hans|官塘驿林场}}), Yangloudong Tea Plantation ({{lang|zh-hans|羊楼洞茶场}}), Canghu Development Area ({{lang|zh-hans|沧湖开发区}}), Chibi Economic Development Area ({{lang|zh-hans|赤壁市经济开发区}})

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Chibi, elevation {{convert|47|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) |Jan high C = 9.1 |Feb high C = 12.2 |Mar high C = 16.9 |Apr high C = 23.4 |May high C = 27.7 |Jun high C = 30.7 |Jul high C = 33.8 |Aug high C = 33.2 |Sep high C = 29.2 |Oct high C = 23.9 |Nov high C = 18.0 |Dec high C = 11.9 |Jan mean C = 5.0 |Feb mean C = 7.7 |Mar mean C = 12.0 |Apr mean C = 18.1 |May mean C = 22.8 |Jun mean C = 26.3 |Jul mean C = 29.5 |Aug mean C = 28.7 |Sep mean C = 24.5 |Oct mean C = 18.9 |Nov mean C = 12.9 |Dec mean C = 7.2 |Jan low C = 2.1 |Feb low C = 4.5 |Mar low C = 8.4 |Apr low C = 14.1 |May low C = 18.9 |Jun low C = 22.9 |Jul low C = 26.1 |Aug low C = 25.4 |Sep low C = 21.0 |Oct low C = 15.4 |Nov low C = 9.4 |Dec low C = 4.1 |Jan record high C = 24.6 |Jan record low C = -6.5 |Feb record high C = 29.5 |Feb record low C = -7.5 |Mar record high C = 35.5 |Mar record low C = -3.0 |Apr record high C = 36.0 |Apr record low C = 3.1 |May record high C = 36.6 |May record low C = 9.0 |Jun record high C = 38.6 |Jun record low C = 12.6 |Jul record high C = 41.2 |Jul record low C = 18.8 |Aug record high C = 41.3 |Aug record low C = 16.8 |Sep record high C = 39.2 |Sep record low C = 11.7 |Oct record high C = 36.2 |Oct record low C = 2.8 |Nov record high C = 32.7 |Nov record low C = -1.9 |Dec record high C = 25.7 |Dec record low C = -10.0 |year high C = |year low C = |year high F = |year low F = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 72.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 92.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 133.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 191.8 |May precipitation mm = 204.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 240.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 225.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 142.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 87.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 82.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 79.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 46.7 |Jan humidity = 79 |Feb humidity = 78 |Mar humidity = 78 |Apr humidity = 76 |May humidity = 77 |Jun humidity = 80 |Jul humidity = 75 |Aug humidity = 78 |Sep humidity = 78 |Oct humidity = 77 |Nov humidity = 78 |Dec humidity = 76 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 12.0 |Feb precipitation days = 12.5 |Mar precipitation days = 15.5 |Apr precipitation days = 13.8 |May precipitation days = 14.0 |Jun precipitation days = 14.2 |Jul precipitation days = 13.2 |Aug precipitation days = 11.9 |Sep precipitation days = 9.4 |Oct precipitation days = 10.2 |Nov precipitation days = 10.5 |Dec precipitation days = 9.4 |year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 84.3 |Feb sun = 84.9 |Mar sun = 105.8 |Apr sun = 131.5 |May sun = 148.3 |Jun sun = 143.7 |Jul sun = 201.6 |Aug sun = 192.1 |Sep sun = 148.2 |Oct sun = 136.7 |Nov sun = 121.4 |Dec sun = 111.2 |year sun = | Jan percentsun = 26 | Feb percentsun = 27 | Mar percentsun = 28 | Apr percentsun = 34 | May percentsun = 35 | Jun percentsun = 34 | Jul percentsun = 47 | Aug percentsun = 47 | Sep percentsun = 40 | Oct percentsun = 39 | Nov percentsun = 38 | Dec percentsun = 35 | year percentsun = |Jan snow days = 4.6 |Feb snow days = 2.4 |Mar snow days = 0.7 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.2 |Dec snow days = 1.4 |year snow days = |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =23 September 2023}}</ref> }}

==Historic sites== Yangloudong ({{lang|zh-hans|羊楼洞}}), an old center of tea production and trade, is located in Zhaoliqiao town near Hubei's border with Hunan, some {{convert|26|km}} southwest of downtown Chibi.<ref>{{citation|author1=Li Baihao|author2=Zhu Jianhua|author3=Huang Li|author4=Guo Jian|url=http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/4-25.pdf|contribution=One cultural route span the Millenary: Chinese Tea Road|title=PROCEEDINGS OF THE SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM "Monuments and sites in their setting – conserving cultural heritage in changing townscapes and landscapes"|place=Xi'an|year=2005|page=4|access-date=20 July 2010|archive-date=18 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118190232/http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/4-25.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

===Works cited=== * {{cite book |last=de Crespigny |first=Rafe |author-link=Rafe de Crespigny |title=Generals of the South: the foundation and early history of the Three Kingdoms state of Wu |series=Faculty of Asian Studies monographs |volume=16 |date=1990 |publisher= Australian National University |location=Acton, Australian Capital Territory |isbn=9780731509010}}

==External links== *[http://www.gov.cn/test/2007-03/23/content_559214.htm 中华人民共和国行政区划（1998年）] {{in lang|zh}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080724231054/http://www.chibi.gov.cn/ Official website of Chibi Government]

Category:County-level divisions of Hubei Category:Cities in Hubei Category:Xianning