{{Short description|Grade I listed weir in England}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} {{Use British English|date=March 2017}} [[File:Chester Weir.jpg|thumb|300px|Chester weir and Old Dee Bridge on River Dee at Chester. The weir gate is between the two poles next to the bridge.]] '''Chester Weir''' is a weir which crosses the River Dee at Chester, Cheshire, England, slightly upstream from the Old Dee Bridge ({{gbmapping|SJ407658}}). The weir and the associated salmon leap are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.<ref name="images">{{NHLE |num= 1375691 |desc= Chester Weir and Salmon Leap|access-date= 22 March 2015|mode=cs2}}</ref>
This was originally the site of a causeway across the River Dee. The weir was built in sandstone in 1093 for Hugh Lupus, 1st Earl of Chester, for the Benedictine Abbey of St Werburgh (now Chester Cathedral). It was designed to provide a head of water for the medieval mills on the river. The mills were demolished during the 20th century and the weir was restored to serve the Chester City Council's hydro-electric power station, which operated from 1913 to 1939 on the site of the former mills.<ref name="images"/>
The weir continues to provide three essential roles in maintaining the very substantial water abstractions from the River Dee. It prevents tidal water ingress up-river for all but the highest tides; it provides the water head for an abstraction immediately behind the weir and it holds back what is a long linear lake which enables that largest abstraction to be taken at Huntington for the United Utilities supply to the Wirral and surrounding areas.<ref> AU: G. S. TAYLOR, P. HILLIS, I. WALKER TI: Pilot-Plant Trials on River Dee Water at Huntington SO: Water and Environment Journal VL: 7 NO: 4 PG: 333-342 YR: 1993 ON: 1747-6593 PN: 1747-6585 AD: Research Manager and Research Assistant, respectively, Research and Technical Development, Huntington WTW, North West Water Ltd.; Technical Specialist, Water Treatment Group, WRc. {{doi|10.1111/j.1747-6593.1993.tb00854.x}}</ref>
The weir can be navigated by crossing over the top during high spring tides. On the city-side of the weir is the United Kingdom's only example of a weir gate, a low height single lock gate that can be opened to provide extra draft once the water levels on each side of the weir have equalised. <ref> {{Citation |url=http://www.jim-shead.com/waterways/WW-page.php?wpage=DEE |title=Chester Weir and Dee Bridge |accessdate=22 May 2009 |quote=Special Arrangements are needed to navigate through the gate in the weir at a suitable tide. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226065451/http://www.jim-shead.com/waterways/river.php?wpage=DEE |archive-date= 26 Dec 2012 |url-status=dead }} </ref> This allows carefully planned passage from the non-tidal River Dee, via the short tidal estuary section, onto the Dee Branch of the Shropshire Union Canal (originally the Chester Canal) at certain times of year. <ref> {{Citation |url=http://www.waterscape.com/canals-and-rivers/river-dee-cheshire/boating |title=Boating along the River Dee (Cheshire) |publisher=British Waterways |accessdate=22 May 2009 |quote=For boats wanting to pass between the non-tidal section and the Shropshire Union, there is a tricky weir passage that can only be made at certain states of the tide. You will also need to book passage through the locks of the Dee Branch. }} </ref>
United Utilities vacated the turbine building in 2015, ending its use as a pump station, and allowing installation of a new hydro electric generating plant, planning for which is underway as of 2021, alongside a Green-Energy education centre and visitor attraction. <ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.handbridge.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=447:century-old-hydro-electric-power-station-may-be-brought-bank-into-use&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=378|title=Century Old Hydro-Electric Power Station May Be Brought Back Into Use|publisher=Handbridge.com|accessdate=27 May 2012|quote=The former hydro-electric power station on the Old Dee Bridge may again generate power for the first time since the second world war.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023919/http://handbridge.com/index.php?catid=1:latest-news&id=447:century-old-hydro-electric-power-station-may-be-brought-bank-into-use&itemid=378&option=com_content&view=article|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chester's old hydroelectric power station to be turned into "thriving visitor attraction" |url=https://www.chesterstandard.co.uk/news/19308861.chesters-old-hydroelectric-power-station-turned-visitor-centre/ |work=Chester and District Standard |date=17 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
==See also== {{portal|Cheshire}} *Grade I listed buildings in Cheshire West and Chester
==References== {{Reflist}}
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==External links== {{commons category|Chester Weir}} * [http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/hiflows/station.aspx?67020 Dee at Chester Weir] * [http://www.chesterwalls.info/river2.html The River Dee on 'Chester: a Virtual Stroll Around the Walls'] * [http://www.chesterwalls.info/bridgegate.html The Old Dee Bridge on 'Chester: a Virtual Stroll Around the Walls']
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Category:Grade I listed buildings in Chester Category:Weirs in England Category:Weirs on the River Dee, Wales Category:Buildings and structures in Chester