Chenopodiastrum

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Starr_040125-0029_Chenopodium_murale.jpg |image_caption = ''Chenopodiastrum murale'' |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Chenopodiastrum |authority = (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch<ref>{{IPNI | id = 77121006-1 | accessdate = 7 July 2013}}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = |synonyms = * ''Chenopodium'' subsect. ''Undata'' Aellen & Iljin ex Mosyakin & Clemants * ''Chenopodium'' [unranked] ''Hybrida'' Standl. * ''Chenopodium'' sect. ''Grossefoveata'' Aellen & Iljin ex Mosyakin }}

'''''Chenopodiastrum''''' is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus was formally described in 2012.<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012">{{cite journal|last1=Fuentes-Bazan|first1=Susy|last2=Uotila|first2=Pertti|last3=Borsch|first3=Thomas|title=A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for ''Chenopodium'' sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae)|journal=Willdenowia - Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem|volume=42|issue=1|year=2012|pages=5–24|issn=0511-9618|doi=10.3372/wi42.42101|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=GRIN>{{cite web | url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?29214 | title=Genus: ''Chenopodiastrum'' S. Fuentes et al. | accessdate=7 June 2013 | work=Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203104914/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?29214 | archive-date=3 December 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The five species occur in both the Old World and North America.

==Description== The species in genus ''Chenopodiastrum'' are non-aromatic annual herbs. Young plants have vesicular trichomes, that later collapse and fall down, thus plants becoming glabrescent. Stems grow erect, with lateral branches. The alternate leaves have a petiole and a thickish triangular, ovate, rhombic-ovate to lanceolate leaf blade. The leaf margin can be irregularly dentate or lobed, or pinnatifid with narrow dentate lobes.

The axillary and terminal inflorescences consist of small dense glomerules of flowers, arranged spicately or paniculately. Flowers are bisexual or pistillate. They contain 5 basally connate perianth segments with a prominent keel near the apex, and a characteristic strong midrib visible from the inside; a circle of 5 stamens; and an ovary with 2 stigmas.

In fruit, the perianth lobes enclose the fruit or spread. The membraneous pericarp adheres firmly to the seed. The horizontally orientated seeds are lenticular. The black seed coat is often prominently pitted, sometimes rugulose or nearly smooth.

==Taxonomy== The genus ''Chenopodiastrum'' was described in 2012 by Suzy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila und Thomas Borsch (in: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for ''Chenopodium'' sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). in ''Willdenowia'' 42, p. 14). After phylogenetic research, this group of species had to be separated from genus ''Chenopodium'', that would otherwise have been polyphyletic.<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012" /> The genus ''Chenopodiastrum'' belongs to the same tribe as ''Chenopodium'', Tribus Atripliceae.<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012" />

''Chenopodiastrum'' consists of 5 species,<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012" /> occurring in Eurasia, North Africa, and North America.<ref name="GRIN" />

== Distribution == The species are distributed as follows: *''Chenopodiastrum badachschanicum'' (Tzvelev) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, (syn. ''Chenopodium badachschanicum'' Tzvelev): In Middle Asia, China, northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, northern India and Nepal.<ref name="Fl Pak">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=242100037 ''Chenopodium badachschanicum''] In: Helmut Freitag et al.: ''Chenopodiaceae''. In: ''Flora of Pakistan'', Volume 204 - Missouri Botanical Garden Press & University of Karachi.</ref> *''Chenopodiastrum coronopus'' (Moq.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, (syn. ''Chenopodium coronopus'' Moq.): endemic on Canary Islands, Ilhas Selvagens, and probably Madeira.<ref name="Uotila">Pertti Uotila, 2011: ''Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore):'' [http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetailOccurrence.asp?NameId=47855&PTRefFk=7300000 ''Chenopodium coronopus''] – In: ''Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity'', retrieved 2 July 2013</ref> *''Chenopodiastrum hybridum'' (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (syn. ''Chenopodium hybridum'' L.):<ref>{{IPNI | id = 77121009-1 | accessdate = 7 July 2013 |title=Chenopodiastrum hybridum}}</ref> in Europe, India and from temperate Asia to China.<ref name="GRIN" /> *''Chenopodiastrum murale'' (L) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (syn. ''Chenopodium murale'' L. ):<ref>{{IPNI | id = 77121007-1 | accessdate = 7 July 2013 |title=Chenopodiastrum murale}}</ref> in Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia.<ref name="GRIN" /> *''Chenopodiastrum simplex'' (Torr.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (syn. ''Chenopodium hybridum'' var. ''simplex'' Torr.):<ref>{{IPNI | id = 77121011-1 | accessdate = 7 July 2013 |title=Chenopodiastrum simplex}}</ref> in North America.<ref name="GRIN" />

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{NCBI taxid|1307779|''Chenopodiastrum'' }} * [http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100381556 ''Chenopodiastrum''] at Tropicos

Category:Chenopodioideae Category:Amaranthaceae genera