{{Short description|Municipality in South Governorate, Lebanon}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Chehabiyeh | native_name = الشهابيّة | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = Municipality | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Lebanon | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Map showing the location of Chehabiyeh within Lebanon | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Lebanon | coordinates = {{coord|33|14|33|N|35|22|55|E|region:LB_type:city|display=inline,title}} | grid_position = 185/293 | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of Lebanon|Governorate]] | subdivision_name1 = [[South Governorate]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Lebanon|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Tyre District]] | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset1 = +2 | timezone1_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +3 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Lebanon|Dialing code]] | area_code = +961 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Chehabiyeh''' or '''Ash-Shihabiyah''' ({{langx|ar|الشهابيّة}}), also spelled '''ash-Shehabiyah''' or '''Chehabiye''', formerly '''Tayr Zibna''' ({{langx|ar|طيرزبنا|links=no}}), is a municipality located in the [[South Governorate]] of [[Lebanon]], located in the [[Tyre District]].
Chehabiyeh faces multiple challenges, including [[waste management]] issues and waste burning in local dumps.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Khawaja |first=Bassam |date=2017-12-01 |title=As If You’re Inhaling Your Death |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/12/01/if-youre-inhaling-your-death/health-risks-burning-waste-lebanon |journal=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |first5= |date=2017-12-05 |title=The stench of garbage crisis returns to Lebanon |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2017/12/lebanon-garbage-crisis-burning-health-risks.html |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Iranian-backed political party and militant group [[Hezbollah]] is active in the village, and in 2024, a senior member of the [[Redwan Force]] was killed in an airstrike.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Middle East updates: IDF strikes kill Hezbollah commanders – DW – 04/16/2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/middle-east-updates-idf-strikes-kill-hezbollah-commanders/live-68835534 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-04-18 |title=Israel and Hezbollah: Fears of escalation after flurry of attacks |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68845281 |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==Etymology== The town was originally known as "Teir Zinbeh,<ref>The fortress of Zinbeh. ''Zinbeh'' means 'hummocks in a valley', and also a place from which to shoot partridges; according to Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft/page/33/mode/1up 33]</ref> but was renamed 'Chehabiyeh' in 1968 in honor of former Lebanese President [[Fouad Chehab]]. This name change was initiated by Ibrahim Muhiddin Baydoun, a prominent local leader who had a close friendship with Chehab. The official name change was enacted through a law passed by the Lebanese Parliament on January 6, 1968.
Chehab was a member of the noble [[Shihab dynasty|Chehab dynasty]], an Arab family that held significant influence in the region. The dynasty's name itself is derived from the Arabic word "شهاب" (Shihab), which means "shooting star" or "meteor." The name is the English form of the Arabic word "شهابية" (Shahābīyah).
== History == In 1596, it was named as a village, Tayr Zabna, in the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ''[[nahiya]]'' (subdistrict) of [[Tibnin]] under the [[Liwa Safad]], with a population of 16 households, all [[Muslim]]. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as [[wheat]] (1300 [[akçe]]), [[barley]] (280 a.), olive trees (368 a.), goats and beehives (447 a.), in addition to an olive oil press (12 a.) and "occasional revenues" (50 a.).<ref name="Hutteroth">Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 182</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010135324/http://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2016-10-10 }} writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9</ref>
In 1875, [[Victor Guérin]] noted on 'Their Zibna': "This village contains a great number of cut stones, dispersed, coming from an ancient church now destroyed. On the base of a pillar once belonging to this building, I remarked two [[Greek cross|Greek crosses]] extremely well sculptured." He estimated that the village had 400 ''[[Metawileh]]'' inhabitants.<ref>Guérin, 1880, p. [[iarchive:descriptiongogr00gugoog/page/265/mode/1up|265]]; as translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft/page/139/mode/1up?view=theater 139]</ref>
In 1881, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s [[PEF Survey of Palestine|''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP)]] described ''Teir Zinbeh'' as: "A village, built of stone, containing about 300 Metawileh, situated on a ridge, with figs, olives, pomegranates, and arable land round. Water supply from spring and cisterns."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft/page/94/mode/1up?view=theater 94]</ref>
===Modern era=== On April 16, 2024, an airstrike in the area targeted and eliminated Muhammad Hussein Mustafa Sh'houri, a commander of the rocket and missile unit of [[Hezbollah]]'s [[Redwan Force]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
== Geography == The village is situated at an elevation of approximately 422 meters (1,385 feet) above sea level. Chebabiyeh is close to several other localities, including [[Kafr Dunin|Kfar Dounin]] and [[Selaa]]. It is part of the Tyre District, which is one of the administrative divisions within the South Governorate.
==Demographics== In 2014 [[Islam in Lebanon|Muslims]] made up 99.63% of registered voters in Chehabiyeh. 98.68% of the voters were [[Lebanese Shia Muslims|Shiite Muslims]].<ref>https://lub-anan.com/المحافظات/الجنوب/صور/الشهابيه/المذاهب/</ref>
== Services == One of the prominent landmarks in the area is the Saint Peter Hospital, which serves as a key healthcare facility for the local population. The hospital is an important institution in the region, providing medical services to residents of Ash-Shehabiyah and neighboring villages.<ref name=":1" />
Furthermore, the village is in proximity to several other localities and landmarks, including the UNP 9-1 military facility located approximately 3.5 kilometers northeast of Ash-Shehabiyah. This facility is part of the United Nations peacekeeping operations in the region.
== Infrastructural challenges == Chehabiyeh faces several infrastructural challenges, particularly in the areas of waste management and public services.
One of the critical issues in Chehabiyeh is [[waste management]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The village has struggled with inadequate resources and delayed disbursements from the central government, leading to reliance on open dumping and burning of waste. This practice has significant environmental and health implications for the local population. The municipality has sought support from international agencies and the central government to improve waste management facilities, but consistent financial and technical support remains a challenge.
[[Water supply network|Water infrastructure]] in Chehabiyeh has seen some improvements through international aid programs. For instance, the WISE-Lebanon program rehabilitated the Ash-Shehabiyah [[Pumping station|pump station]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Infrastructure Support and Enhancement for Lebanon (WISE-LEBANON); Completion report: October 2012 - December 2015 |url=https://chemonics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lebanon_WISE_Completion_Report_FINAL.pdf}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder |last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener |year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=1}} *{{cite book |last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin |title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}} *{{cite book |last1=Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah |title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn=3-920405-41-2 }} *{{cite book |last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer |year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}} *{{cite book |last=Rhode |first=H. |author-link=Harold Rhode |date=1979 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845 |title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |access-date=2017-12-04 |archive-date=2016-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010135324/http://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} ==External links== *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 2: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8365 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.02.jpg Wikimedia commons] {{Tyre District}} [[Category:Populated places in the Israeli security zone 1985–2000]] [[Category:Populated places in Tyre District]] [[Category:Shia Muslim communities in Lebanon]]