Charles Swift

{{short description|American attorney and Navy officer}} {{for multi|the American state politician and newspaper editor|Charles F. Swift|the Atlanta businessman|Charles Thomas Swift|the American businessman in the Philippines|Charles M. Swift}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = LCDR | name = Charles D. Swift | image = Charles Swift -- Guantanamo August 2008.jpg | caption = LCDR Swift (retired) speaking at a press conference. | birth_date = | branch = United States Navy | service_years = 1980-1991, 1994-2007 | rank = 15px Lieutenant Commander | unit = Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Navy | commands = | awards = Surface Warfare Badge<br />Navy Commendation Medal (2 awards)<br />Navy Achievement Medal (6 awards)<br />Navy Expeditionary Medal<br />Humanitarian Service Medal<br />Sea Service Ribbon (4 awards) | alma_mater = U.S. Naval Academy (BS, 1984)<br>Seattle University Law School (JD, 1994)<br>Temple University (LL.M., 2006) }}

'''Charles D. Swift''' (born 1961) is an American attorney and former career Navy officer, who retired in 2007 as a Lieutenant Commander in the Judge Advocate General's Corps. He is most noted for having served as defense counsel for Salim Ahmed Hamdan,<ref name=LawJournal>[http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1134641110304 Navigating an odyssey to Guantánamo Bay], ''National Law Journal'', December 2005</ref> a detainee from Yemen who was the first to be charged at Guantanamo Bay; Swift took his case to the US Supreme Court. In 2005 and June 2006, the ''National Law Journal'' recognized Swift as one of the top lawyers nationally because of his work on behalf of justice for the detainees.

Swift used the civil courts to challenge the constitutionality of the military tribunals and the legal treatment of detainees in ''Hamdan v. Rumsfeld'' (2006), a case that went to the US Supreme Court and was decided in his client's favor. As a result, Congress passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006 to authorize a form of military tribunals and incorporate the Court's concerns about reconciliation with the US Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions.

During his Navy career, Swift served in a variety of assignments, including at sea. After several years, he was approved to attend law school and, after graduation, in 1994 became a member of the Navy's legal corps. In 2003, he was assigned to the Department of Defense Office of Military Commissions, serving into early 2007. There he was assigned as defense counsel to Salim Ahmed Hamdan. Because of his challenges, Swift was helping make the law on detainee treatment in the war on terror.

In June 2006, Swift learned he had been "passed over" by the Navy (a second time) for promotion; as a result, under the military's "up or out" system, he had to retire in the spring of 2007.<ref name=TheJurist061010> [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2006/10/hamdan-navy-lawyer-denied-promotion.php Hamdan Navy lawyer denied promotion, will leave US military], ''JURIST'', October 10, 2006 </ref> He learned of being passed over two weeks after the Supreme Court decided in Hamdan's favor, and intended to continue defending Hamdan as a civilian.<ref name="wapo">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/08/AR2006100800603.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=2010-06-08 |title=Paper: Detainee Lawyer Must Leave Navy |agency=AP |date=October 8, 2006}}</ref>

From 2007 through 2008, Swift taught at Emory Law School as a Visiting Associate Professor and Acting Director of its newly established International Humanitarian Law Clinic. Hamdan was convicted of one of his charges in 2008 but credited for time detained. He was returned to Yemen in 2008. Swift worked to appeal his conviction. In October 2012, Hamdan was acquitted of all charges in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

In 2014, Swift joined Constitutional Law Center for Muslims in America as its director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://clcma.org/charles-swift/|title=Charles Swift, Director & Counsel|language=en-US|access-date=2016-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110031559/https://clcma.org/charles-swift/|archive-date=2017-01-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life and education== Born in 1961, Charles Swift is a native of Franklin, North Carolina. He went to local schools and gained an appointment and admission to the U.S. Naval Academy.

==Navy career== Following his graduation in 1984, Swift served in a variety of surface warfare billets as described in the below table.

In 1991, he left active service to attend Seattle University School of Law, as authorized by the Navy, where he graduated ''cum laude.'' Resuming active service in 1994, he joined the Navy's Judge Advocate General's Corps. A comprehensive biography can be found here <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aogusma.org/soc/southfl/swiftbio.htm |title=Biography |access-date=2009-02-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829141307/http://www.aogusma.org/soc/southfl/swiftbio.htm |archive-date=2008-08-29 }}</ref> (website for the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy, different from LCDR Swift's commissioning source).

Summary of LCDR Swift's assignments: {| class=wikitable |- !width=80| Years !!width=400| Assignments |- |1985–1987|| {{USS|Niagara Falls|AFS-3|6}}, Agana, Guam: Damage Control Assistant |- |1988–1990|| {{USS|Rathburne|FF-1057|6}}, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Navigator |- |1990–1991|| Surface Warfare Department Head School, Newport, Rhode Island: Assistant for International Training |- |1995–1997|| Naval Legal Service Office Northwest |- |1997–2000|| Naval Station Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico |- |2000–2003|| Naval Legal Service Detachment, Mayport, Florida |- |2003–2005|| Office of Military Commissions |}

==US Supreme Court case== {{main|Hamdan v. Rumsfeld}} The US Navy lawyer successfully represented the plaintiff Guantanamo detainee in ''Hamdan v. Rumsfeld'' (2006) and took his case to the US Supreme Court. Hamdan, a former driver for Osama bin Laden, was captured during the US invasion of Afghanistan, and held from 2002 at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. He was charged in July 2004 with conspiracy to commit terrorism.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040717064319/http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Jul2004/d20040714hcc.pdf Charge Sheets for Salim Ahmed Hamdan], ''Department of Defense''</ref>

As Hamdan's legal counsel, Swift was assisted in the defense by the Seattle law firm of Perkins Coie and Neal Katyal, a Georgetown University Law Professor. They appealed Hamdan's writ of habeas corpus petition to the US Supreme Court. In ''Hamdan v. Rumsfeld'', 548 U.S. 557, 126 S.Ct. 2749 (2006), the Court ruled that the military commission to try Hamdan was illegal and violated the Geneva Conventions as well as the United States Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5129904.stm|title=US court rejects Guantanamo trial|publisher=BBC News | date=June 29, 2006 | access-date=January 2, 2010}}</ref><ref name="SCOTUS">{{cite web | title= ''Hamdan v. Rumsfeld'' | url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/05pdf/05-184.pdf | publisher=Supreme Court of the United States }}</ref> It held that Congress needed to authorize a process for detainee tribunals. The court ruled that the military commissions as established by the Dept. of Defense were flawed and illegal according to the US Uniform Code of Military Justice and Geneva Convention. As a result, the administration requested, and Congress passed, the Military Commissions Act of 2006, to authorize a form of military tribunals to try the detainee cases. The president signed the law October 17, 2006.

{{main|Salim Ahmed Hamdan}} Beginning in 2007, Hamdan was charged under the new law and in 2008 tried by a military jury of the Military Commissions. It acquitted him of conspiracy for terrorism but convicted him of assisting efforts. It sentenced him to five and a half years, crediting him for the time he had already been detained. In November 2008, the US transferred Hamdan to Yemen, where he served the last month of his sentence. After release, he rejoined his family in Sana. In October 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia overturned the conviction.

==Forced retirement== In June 2006, Swift learned that he would be forced to retire from the Navy, as he had not been promoted to commander but "passed over" a second time.<ref name="UpOut"/> The Navy has an "up or out" promotion policy.,<ref name="UpOut">{{cite news |title=Paper: Detainee Lawyer Must Leave Navy |publisher=AP article in Washington Post, citing Miami Herald |date=2006-10-08 |access-date=2007-04-15 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/08/AR2006100800603.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Carol Rosenberg |author-link=Carol Rosenberg |title=Lawyer is Denied Promotion |publisher=The Miami Herald |date=2006-10-08 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?s_site=miami&p_multi=MH%7C&p_product=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_text_search-0=navy+lawyer+is+denied+promotion&s_dispstring=navy+lawyer+is+denied+promotion&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=_rank_%3AD&xcal_useweights=no}} (url is a search result on article title; requires fee for full text)</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= Sheridan, Robert |title=Lt. Cmdr. Charles Swift |publisher= Sheridan: Con-Law|date=2006-10-09 |access-date=2007-04-15 |url=http://sheridan_conlaw.typepad.com/sheridan_conlaw/2006/10/lt_cmdr_charles.html}} (contains full text of the above source article)</ref> for a second time had not been selected for promotion.<ref name=TheJurist061010/> He left the military that spring, the Associated Press reported. Swift said he learned about two weeks after the Hamdan decision that he would not receive a promotion to commander.<ref name="wapo"/> Media such as ''The New York Times''<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/11/opinion/11wed2.html |access-date=2010-06-08 |date=October 11, 2006 |title=The Cost of Doing Your Duty }}</ref> and ''Vanity Fair''<ref>{{cite news |magazine=Vanity Fair |title=Taking on Guantánamo |author=Marie Brenner |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2007/03/guantanamo200703 }}</ref> reported that the timing was not a coincidence and suggested it was politically motivated. The Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Air Force, Charles J. Dunlap Jr., later said that suggestion was without evidence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/18/opinion/l18military.html |title=Navy Lawyer's Career |date=October 16, 2006 |access-date=2010-06-08 |author=Deputy Judge Advocate General Charles J. Dunlap Jr. |work=The New York Times }}</ref>

From fall 2007 to spring 2008, Swift taught at Emory Law School as a Visiting Associate Professor and Acting Director of its newly established International Humanitarian Law Clinic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.emory.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/charles-d-swift.html |title=''Faculty Profile of Charles D. Swift'' |access-date=2007-09-17 |publisher=Emory University School of Law |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517025724/http://www.law.emory.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/charles-d-swift.html |archive-date=May 17, 2008 }}</ref>

==Honors== *Swift was the subject of a biographical article in the December 2004 issue of ''Esquire''.<ref name=Esquire>[http://www.esquire.com/features/ESQ1204-DEC_B&BSOCITY_jump_rev_2_5 BEST & BRIGHTEST 2004: Charles Swift] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806021022/http://www.esquire.com/features/ESQ1204-DEC_B%26BSOCITY_jump_rev_2_5 |date=2014-08-06 }}, ''Esquire'', December 2004</ref> *In December 2005 he was chosen as runner-up "Lawyer of the Year" by the ''National Law Journal'' for his challenge to the Guantanamo review tribunals. *In December 2005 Swift and Lieutenant Colonel Sharon Shaffer were awarded the Joe A. Callaway Award for Civic Courage by the Center for the Study of Responsive Law, in Washington, D.C.<ref name=NeimanMarcus-2006-03-08> {{cite news |url=http://www.niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=showcase.view&showcaseid=35 |title=Lawyers for Guantanamo prisoners lauded |publisher=Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University |date=2006-03-08 |access-date=2010-09-04 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702201312/http://www.niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=showcase.view&showcaseid=35 |archive-date=2010-07-02 }} </ref><ref>[http://callawayawards.org/past-winners/ Joe A. Callaway Awards For Civic Courage Past-Winners], ''Calloway Awards'', 2005. Retrieved November 11, 2019.</ref> *In June 2006, the ''National Law Journal'' named Swift as one of "The 100 most influential lawyers in America."<ref name="100Inf">[http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1150362316389 The 100 most influential lawyers in America], ''National Law Journal''</ref>

His decorations and medals include:<ref>[http://www.aogusma.org/soc/southfl/swiftbio.htm Biography, United States Navy, Lieutenant Commander Charles D. Swift] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829141307/http://www.aogusma.org/soc/southfl/swiftbio.htm |date=2008-08-29 }}, Association of Graduates of the USMA</ref> *Surface Warfare Badge *Navy Commendation Medal (2 awards) *Navy Achievement Medal (6 awards) *Navy Expeditionary Medal *Humanitarian Service Medal *Sea Service Ribbon (4 awards)

==See also== {{Portal|Biography}} *''Hamdan v. Rumsfeld'' *Matthew Diaz

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=a4x6M3Dyr6jM&refer=us "Navy Lawyer Charles Swift Battles Bush in Guantanamo Bay Case"], Bloomberg.com, March 2006 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060629062529/http://judiciary.senate.gov/testimony.cfm?id=1542&wit_id=4361 "Testimony of Lieutenant Commander Charles D. Swift"], U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, June 2005 *[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-gitmo15oct15,0,2096358.story Carol J. Williams, "Marine Corps Issues Gag Order in Detainee Abuse Case"], ''Los Angeles Times'', October 15, 2006 (article about Canadian citizen and detainee, Omar Khadr) *[http://washingtontimes.com/op-ed/20061029-081248-7596r.htm Nat Hentoff, "Eroding detainees rights"], ''The Washington Times'', October 30, 2006 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060914074107/http://www.npc.navy.mil/Boards/ActiveDutyOfficer/05Line/FY07Board/ FY07 Navy Line O5 Board] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJMMoJY_R_g Jonathan Mahler: ''The Challenge''], Authors@Google video lecture (45 min). September 26, 2008

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swift, Charles}} Category:Guantanamo Bay attorneys Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:People from Franklin, North Carolina Category:Seattle University School of Law alumni Category:Temple University Beasley School of Law alumni Category:United States Navy officers Category:United States Naval Academy alumni Category:American military lawyers