Charles M. Lieber

{{Short description|American chemist (born 1959)}} {{for|the physician|Charles S. Lieber}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Charles M. Lieber | image = Lieber website photo.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1959}}<ref name="cml">{{cite web |title=Charles M. Lieber |url=http://cml.harvard.edu/people/charles-m-lieber |website=Lieber Research Group |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=11 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110124931/http://cml.harvard.edu/people/charles-m-lieber |archive-date=10 November 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.<ref name="cml" /> | module = {{Infobox scientist |field = Nanoscience and nanotechnology<br />Chemistry<br />Materials physics<br />Neuroscience |work_institution = Harvard University<br />Columbia University<br />Wuhan University of Technology<br />Tsinghua University |education = Franklin & Marshall College<br /> Stanford University |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = {{plainlist|1= *Hongjie Dai *Xiangfeng Duan *Yu Huang *Philip Kim *Peidong Yang *Latha Venkataraman *Yi Cui }} |known_for = Nanomaterials synthesis and assembly<br />Nanostructure characterization <br />Nanoelectronics and nanophotonics<br />Nanobioelectronics |prizes = {{no wrap|Wolf Prize in Chemistry <small>(2012)</small><br />MRS Von Hippel Award <small>(2016)</small>}} |embed = yes }} {{Infobox criminal | criminal_charge = Two counts each of making false statements to federal authorities<br />(18 USC § 1001), filing false tax returns<br />(26 USC § 7206) and failing to report foreign income<br />(26 USC § 5322) | criminal_penalty = Six months house arrest, $50,000 fine, back taxes | conviction_status = Convicted | motive = Professional accolades | apprehended = January 28, 2020 | conviction = December 21, 2021 | child = yes }} }} '''Charles M. Lieber''' (born 1959)<ref name="cml" /> is an American chemist, inventor, nanotechnologist, and writer. In 2011, Lieber was named the leading chemist in the world for the decade 2000–2010 by Thomson Reuters, based on the impact of his scientific publications.<ref name="WorldofChemicals">{{Cite web|title=Top 100 Chemists, 2000–2010 – ScienceWatch.com – Clarivate|url=http://archive.sciencewatch.com/dr/sci/misc/Top100Chemists2000-10/|access-date=2023-03-02|website=archive.sciencewatch.com}}</ref> He is known for his contributions to the synthesis, assembly and characterization of nanoscale materials and nanodevices, the application of nanoelectronic devices in biology, and as a mentor to numerous leaders in nanoscience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lieber Research Group – Former Group Members |url=http://cml.harvard.edu/people/former-group-members |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030000156/http://cml.harvard.edu/people/former-group-members |archive-date=October 30, 2016}} Dr Lieber was charged in a criminal complaint for failure to disclose Chinese government funding of his research.</ref>

Lieber, formerly a professor at Harvard University, has published over 400 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has edited and contributed to many books on nanoscience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lieber Research Group – Publications |url=http://cml.harvard.edu/publications |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030002237/http://cml.harvard.edu/publications |archive-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref> Until his arrest by the FBI in 2020 (see below) he was the chair of the department of chemistry and chemical biology, and held a joint appointment in that department and the school of engineering and applied sciences as the Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor. He is the principal inventor on over fifty issued US patents and applications, and joined nanotechnology company Nanosys as a scientific co-founder in 2001 and Vista Therapeutics in 2007.<ref name="Lieber Research Group">{{Cite web |title=Lieber Research Group – People – Charles M. Lieber |work=Lieber Research Group |url=http://cml.harvard.edu/people/charles-m-lieber |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110124931/http://cml.harvard.edu/people/charles-m-lieber |archive-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> In 2012, Lieber was awarded the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in a special ceremony held at the Israeli Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2012 Wolf Prize in Chemistry |date=May 13, 2012 |url=https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/2037991/2012_Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329121110/https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/2037991/2012_Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry.html |archive-date=March 29, 2018 |access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvard scientist with alleged ties to China may be released on $1.5M bond |website=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/harvard-scientist-with-alleged-ties-to-chinese-may-be-released-on-dollar15m-bond/ar-BBZuyNL |access-date=January 18, 2021}}</ref>

In December 2021, Lieber was convicted of six felonies, including two counts of making false statements to the FBI and investigators from the Department of Defense and National Institutes of Health regarding his participation in the Chinese government's Thousand Talents Program,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Acclaimed Harvard Scientist Is Arrested, Accused Of Lying About Ties To China |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/28/800442646/acclaimed-harvard-scientist-is-arrested-accused-of-lying-about-ties-to-china |access-date=January 28, 2020 |newspaper=NPR |date=January 28, 2020 |language=en|last1=Chappell |first1=Bill }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2020 |title=Harvard University Professor and Two Chinese Nationals Charged in Three Separate China Related Cases |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/harvard-university-professor-and-two-chinese-nationals-charged-three-separate-china-related |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129235530/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/harvard-university-professor-and-two-chinese-nationals-charged-three-separate-china-related |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |access-date=January 28, 2020 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref> as well as four counts of filing false tax returns.<ref name="Viswanatha-2021">{{Cite news|last=Viswanatha|first=Byron Tau and Aruna|date=December 22, 2021|title=Prominent Harvard Professor Found Guilty of Lying About China Ties|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/harvard-professor-charles-lieber-found-guilty-of-six-counts-related-to-china-payments-11640128133|access-date=December 22, 2021|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Leonard |first=Jenny |date=December 12, 2019 |title=China's Thousand Talents Program Finally Gets the U.S.'s Attention |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-12/china-s-thousand-talents-program-finally-gets-the-u-s-s-attention |access-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref> The US government began its investigation of Lieber as part of the China Initiative, a program established by the Department of Justice in 2018 to investigate academic espionage at American universities.<ref name="Viswanatha-2021"/><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Cho|first1=Isabella|last2=Kingdollar|first2=Brandon|last3=Soshi|first3=Mayesha|date=December 22, 2021|title=Harvard Professor Charles Lieber Found Guilty of Lying About China Ties|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/12/22/lieber-verdict-day6/|url-status=live|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=The Harvard Crimson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221230733/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/12/22/lieber-verdict-day6/ |archive-date=December 21, 2021 }}</ref>

Lieber has been on paid leave from Harvard since his arrest in 2020<ref name="Murphy">{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Shelley|date=December 21, 2021|title=Harvard professor found guilty of lying about financial ties to Chinese university|work=The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/12/21/metro/harvard-professor-found-guilty-lying-about-financial-ties-chinese-university/|accessdate=December 22, 2021}}</ref> as a result of his criminal charges and a lymphoma diagnosis. In April 2025, Lieber joined Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), a graduate school of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, China as a full-time chair professor. He has also been employed as SMART Investigator at the newly-established Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-01 |title=Former Harvard professor convicted over China ties joins Tsinghua University |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3308723/former-harvard-professor-convicted-over-china-ties-joins-tsinghua-university |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirton |first=David |date=30 April 2026 |title=Convicted former Harvard scientist rebuilds brain computer lab in China |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/convicted-former-harvard-scientist-rebuilds-brain-computer-lab-china-2026-04-30/ |access-date=2 May 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

== Early life, education, and career == Lieber was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1959<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Lieber |url=https://chemistry.harvard.edu/people/charles-lieber |access-date=August 11, 2020 |website=chemistry.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> and "spent much of his childhood building – and breaking – stereos, cars and model airplanes."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lieber |first=Charles M. |year=2001 |title=The incredible shrinking circuit |journal=Scientific American |volume=285 |issue=3 |pages=50–6 |bibcode=2001SciAm.285c..58L |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0901-58 |pmid=11524970}}</ref> Lieber is Jewish.

Lieber obtained a B.A. in chemistry from Franklin & Marshall College, graduating with honors in 1981. He went on to earn his doctorate at Stanford University in chemistry, carrying out research on surface chemistry in the lab of Nathan Lewis, followed by a two-year postdoc at Caltech in the lab of Harry Gray on long-distance electron transfer in metalloproteins.<ref name="Lieber Research Group" /> Studying the effects of dimensionality and anisotropy on the properties of quasi-2D planar structures and quasi-1D structures in his early career at Columbia and Harvard led him to become interested in the question of how one could make a one-dimensional wire, and to the epiphany that if a technology were to emerge from nascent work on nanoscale materials "it would require interconnections – exceedingly small, wire-like structures to move information around, move electrons around, and connect devices together".<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2003 |title=An inside line on nanowires |journal=ScienceWatch |volume=14 |pages=1–5}}</ref> Lieber was an early proponent of using the fundamental physical advantages of the very small to meld the worlds of optics and electronics and create interfaces between nanoscale materials and biological structures,<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Forget what you know about nanotech |journal=Business 2.0 |volume=November 2003}}</ref> and "to develop entirely new technologies, technologies we cannot even predict today."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cromie |first=William J. |date=July 22, 2004 |title=A giant step toward miniaturization |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/07/a-giant-step-toward-miniaturization/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108052210/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/07/a-giant-step-toward-miniaturization/ |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |website=Harvard Gazette}}</ref>

Lieber joined Columbia University's department of chemistry in 1987, where he was assistant professor (1987–1990) and associate professor (1990–1991) before moving to Harvard as full professor in 1992. He holds a joint appointment at Harvard University in the department of chemistry and chemical biology and the Harvard Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, as the Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor. He became chair of Harvard's department of chemistry and chemical biology in 2015.<ref name="Lieber Research Group" /> Lieber was placed on "indefinite" paid administrative leave in January 2020 shortly after his arrest for making false statement to federal agents.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bikales |first1=James S. |last2=Chen |first2=Kevin R. |title=Harvard Chemistry Chair Placed on Leave After Federal Gov. Charges He Hid Chinese Funding |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/1/29/lieber-federal-charges/ |access-date=December 18, 2020 |publisher=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref> Charles Lieber now joined Tsinghua University as full professor in 2025.

Lieber's contributions to the rational growth, characterization, and applications of a range of functional nanoscale materials and heterostructures have provided concepts central to the bottom-up paradigm of nanoscience. These include rational synthesis of functional nanowire building blocks, characterization of these materials, and demonstration of their application in areas ranging from electronics, computing, photonics, and energy science to biology and medicine.<ref name="Zhang 2016">{{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Anqi |title=Nanowires: Building blocks for nanoscience and nanotechnology |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>

Since April 2025, Lieber has taken on the role of director at China's state-funded i-BRAIN (Institute for Brain Research, Advanced Interfaces and Neurotechnologies), a branch of the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART). He oversees advanced research in brain-computer interfaces with advanced nanofabrication tools and facilities that were not available to him at his previous institution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirton |first=David |date=April 30, 2026 |title=Convicted former Harvard scientist rebuilds brain computer lab in China |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/convicted-former-harvard-scientist-rebuilds-brain-computer-lab-china-2026-04-30/ |website=Reuters}}</ref>

== Contributions == Lieber's contributions to the rational growth, characterization, and applications of a range of functional nanoscale materials and heterostructures have provided concepts central to the bottom-up paradigm of nanoscience. These include rational synthesis of functional nanowire building blocks, characterization of these materials, and demonstration of their application in areas ranging from electronics, computing, photonics, and energy science to biology and medicine.<ref name="Zhang 2016"/>

'''Nanomaterials synthesis.''' In his early work Lieber articulated the motivation for pursuing designed growth of nanometer-diameter wires in which composition, size, structure and morphology could be controlled over a wide range,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lieber |first=Charles |year=2002 |title=Nanowires take the prize |journal=Materials Today |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=48 |doi=10.1016/S1369-7021(02)05254-9 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and outlined a general method for the first controlled synthesis of free-standing single-crystal semiconductor nanowires,<ref>{{Cite journal |year=1997 |title=One-dimensional nanostructures: Rational synthesis, novel properties and applications |journal=Proceedings of the Robert A. Welch Foundation 40th Conference on Chemical Research: Chemistry on the Nanometer Scale |volume=165–187}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morales |first1=A. M |last2=Lieber |first2=C. M |year=1998 |title=A laser ablation method for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires |journal=Science |volume=279 |issue=5348 |pages=208–11 |bibcode=1998Sci...279..208M |doi=10.1126/science.279.5348.208 |pmid=9422689}}</ref> providing the groundwork for predictable growth of nanowires of virtually any elements and compounds in the periodic table. He proposed and demonstrated a general concept for the growth of nanoscale axial heterostructures<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Jiangtao |last2=Ouyang |first2=Min |last3=Yang |first3=Peidong |last4=Lieber |first4=Charles M. |year=1999 |title=Controlled growth and electrical properties of heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes and silicon nanowires |journal=Nature |volume=399 |issue=6731 |pages=48–51 |bibcode=1999Natur.399...48H |doi=10.1038/19941 |s2cid=4352749}}</ref> and the growth of nanowire superlattices with new photonic and electronic properties,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gudiksen |first1=Mark S. |last2=Lauhon |first2=Lincoln J. |last3=Wang |first3=Jianfang |last4=Smith |first4=David C. |last5=Lieber |first5=Charles M. |year=2002 |title=Growth of nanowire superlattice structures for nanoscale photonics and electronics |journal=Nature |volume=617–20 |issue=6872 |pages=617–20 |bibcode=2002Natur.415..617G |doi=10.1038/415617a |pmid=11832939 |s2cid=4333987}}</ref> the basis of intensive efforts today in nanowire photonics and electronics.

'''Nanostructure characterization.''' Lieber developed applications of scanning probe microscopies that could provide direct experimental measurement of the electrical and mechanical properties of individual carbon nanotubes and nanowires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=Eric W. |last2=Sheehan |first2=Paul E. |last3=Lieber |first3=Charles M. |year=1997 |title=Nanobeam Mechanics: Elasticity, Strength, and Toughness of Nanorods and Nanotubes |journal=Science |volume=277 |issue=5334 |pages=1971–1975 |doi=10.1126/science.277.5334.1971}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ouyang |first1=M. |last2=Huang |first2=J. L. |last3=Cheung |first3=C. L |last4=Lieber |first4=C. M |year=2001 |title=Energy gaps in "metallic" single-walled carbon nanotubes |url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=chemistrycheung |url-status=live |journal=Science |volume=292 |issue=5517 |pages=702–5 |bibcode=2001Sci...292..702O |doi=10.1126/science.1058853 |pmid=11326093 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923034451/http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=chemistrycheung |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |access-date=December 7, 2019 |s2cid=19088925|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This work showed that semiconductor nanowires with controlled electrical properties can be synthesized, providing electronically tunable functional nanoscale building blocks for device assembly. Additionally, Lieber invented chemical force microscopy to characterize the chemical properties of materials surfaces with nanometer resolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frisbie |first1=C. D. |last2=Rozsnyai |first2=L. F. |last3=Noy |first3=A. |last4=Wrighton |first4=M. S. |last5=Lieber |first5=C. M. |year=1994 |title=Functional group imaging by chemical force microscopy |journal=Science |volume=265 |issue=5181 |pages=2071–4 |bibcode=1994Sci...265.2071F |doi=10.1126/science.265.5181.2071 |pmid=17811409 |s2cid=1192124}}</ref>

'''Nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.''' Lieber has used quantum-confined core/shell nanowire heterostructures to demonstrate ballistic transport,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanowire transistors outperform silicon switches |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9217-nanowire-transistors-outperform-silicon-switches/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081556/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9217-nanowire-transistors-outperform-silicon-switches/ |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=NewScientist.com, May 24, 2006}}</ref> the superconducting proximity effect,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belzig |first=Wolfgang |year=2006 |title=Super-semiconducting nanowires |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=167–168 |bibcode=2006NatNa...1..167B |doi=10.1038/nnano.2006.161 |pmid=18654178 |s2cid=32211652}}</ref> and quantum transport.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Eriksson |first1=Mark A |last2=Friesen |first2=Mark |year=2007 |title=Nanowires charge towards integration |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=595–596 |bibcode=2007NatNa...2..595E |doi=10.1038/nnano.2007.314 |pmid=18654378}}</ref> Other examples of functional nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices include nanoscale electrically driven lasers using single nanowires as active nanoscale cavities,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ball |first=Phillip |date=January 16, 2003 |title=Lasers slim enough for chips |journal=Nature News |doi=10.1038/news030113-5}}</ref> carbon nanotube nanotweezers,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=P |last2=Lieber |first2=C. M |year=1999 |title=Nanotube nanotweezers |journal=Science |volume=286 |issue=5447 |pages=2148–50 |doi=10.1126/science.286.5447.2148 |pmid=10591644}}</ref> nanotube-based ultrahigh-density electromechanical memory,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rueckes |first1=T |last2=Kim |first2=K |last3=Joselevich |first3=E |last4=Tseng |first4=G. Y |last5=Cheung |first5=C. L |last6=Lieber |first6=C. M |year=2000 |title=Carbon nanotube-based nonvolatile random access memory for molecular computing |url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=chemistrycheung |url-status=live |journal=Science |volume=289 |issue=5476 |pages=94–7 |bibcode=2000Sci...289...94R |doi=10.1126/science.289.5476.94 |pmid=10884232 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923033912/http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=chemistrycheung |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |access-date=September 27, 2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref> an all-inorganic fully integrated nanoscale photovoltaic cell<ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Nanowire silicon solar cell for powering small circuits |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/nanowire-silicon-solar-cell-for-powering-small-circuits |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030082939/https://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/design/nanowire-silicon-solar-cell-for-powering-small-circuits |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=IEEE Spectrum, October 18, 2007}}</ref> and functional logic devices and simple computational circuits using assembled semiconductor nanowires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Y |last2=Duan |first2=X |last3=Cui |first3=Y |last4=Lauhon |first4=L. J |last5=Kim |first5=K. H |last6=Lieber |first6=C. M |year=2001 |title=Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks |journal=Science |volume=294 |issue=5545 |pages=1313–7 |bibcode=2001Sci...294.1313H |doi=10.1126/science.1066192 |pmid=11701922 |s2cid=11476047}}</ref> These concepts led to the integration of nanowires on the Intel roadmap, and their current top-down implementation of these structures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2016 |title=Will 5nm happen? |url=http://semiengineering.com/will-5nm-happen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025095158/http://semiengineering.com/will-5nm-happen/ |archive-date=October 25, 2016 |website=Semiconductor Engineering, January 20, 2016.}}</ref>

'''Nanostructure assembly and computing.''' Lieber has originated a number of approaches for parallel and scalable of assembly of nanowire and nanotube building blocks. The development of fluidic-directed assembly<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Y |last2=Duan |first2=X |last3=Wei |first3=Q |last4=Lieber |first4=C. M |year=2001 |title=Directed assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures into functional networks |journal=Science |volume=291 |issue=5504 |pages=630–3 |bibcode=2001Sci...291..630H |doi=10.1126/science.291.5504.630 |pmid=11158671 |s2cid=15429898}}</ref> and subsequent large-scale assembly of electrically addressable parallel and crossed nanowire arrays was cited as one of the Breakthroughs of 2001 by ''Science''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2001 |title=Breakthrough of 2001: Nanoelectronics |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-2001-nanoelectronics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030140814/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2001/12/breakthrough-2001-nanoelectronics |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=Science, December 20, 2001.}}</ref> He also developed a lithography-free approach to bridging the macro-to-nano scale gap using modulation-doped semiconductor nanowires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=C |last2=Zhong |first2=Z |last3=Lieber |first3=C. M |year=2005 |title=Encoding electronic properties by synthesis of axial modulation-doped silicon nanowires |journal=Science |volume=310 |issue=5752 |pages=1304–7 |bibcode=2005Sci...310.1304Y |doi=10.1126/science.1118798 |pmid=16311329 |s2cid=575327}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2005 |title=Making the world's smallest gadgets even smaller |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2005/12/making-the-worlds-smallest-gadgets-even-smaller/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081831/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2005/12/making-the-worlds-smallest-gadgets-even-smaller/ |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=Harvard Gazette, December 9, 2005.}}</ref> Lieber recently introduced the assembly concept "nanocombing",<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weiss |first1=Nathan O |last2=Duan |first2=Xiangfeng |year=2013 |title=Untangling nanowire assembly |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=312–313 |bibcode=2013NatNa...8..312W |doi=10.1038/nnano.2013.83 |pmid=23648735}}</ref> to create a programmable nanowire logic tile<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scaled-down success: Programmable logic tiles could form basis of nanoprocessors |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nanowire-transistor-array/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030080301/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nanowire-transistor-array/ |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=Scientific American, February 9, 2011}}</ref> and the first stand-alone nanocomputer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanowire nanocomputer in new complexity record |url=http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/56118 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081341/http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/56118 |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=Nanotechweb.org, February 6, 2014}}</ref>

'''Nanoelectronics for biology and medicine.''' Lieber demonstrated the first direct electrical detection of proteins,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cui |first1=Y |last2=Wei |first2=Q |last3=Park |first3=H |last4=Lieber |first4=C. M |year=2001 |title=Nanowire nanosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical species |journal=Science |volume=293 |issue=5533 |pages=1289–92 |bibcode=2001Sci...293.1289C |doi=10.1126/science.1062711 |pmid=11509722 |s2cid=1165124}}</ref> selective electrical sensing of individual viruses<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2004 |title=Nanodevices target viruses |url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2004/oct/08/nanodevices-target-viruses |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030093619/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2004/oct/08/nanodevices-target-viruses |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=Physicsworld.com, October 8, 2004}}</ref> and multiplexed detection of cancer marker proteins and tumor enzyme activity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eisenstein |first=Michael |year=2005 |title=Protein detection goes down to the wire |journal=Nature Methods |volume=2 |issue=11 |pages=804–805 |doi=10.1038/nmeth1105-804b |pmid=16285036 |s2cid=10269939}}</ref> More recently, Lieber demonstrated a general approach to overcome the Debye screening that makes these measurements challenging in physiological conditions,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gao |first1=N |last2=Zhou |first2=W |last3=Jiang |first3=X |last4=Hong |first4=G |last5=Fu |first5=T. M |last6=Lieber |first6=C. M |year=2015 |title=General strategy for biodetection in high ionic strength solutions using transistor-based nanoelectronic sensors |journal=Nano Letters |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=2143–8 |bibcode=2015NanoL..15.2143G |doi=10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00133 |pmc=4594804 |pmid=25664395}}</ref> overcoming the limitations of sensing with silicon nanowire field-effect devices and opening the way to their use in diagnostic healthcare applications. Lieber has also developed nanoelectronic devices for cell/tissue electrophysiology, showing that electrical activity and action potential propagation can be recorded from cultured cardiac cells with high resolution.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanowire network measures cells' electrical signals |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227056.400-nanowire-network-measures-cells-electrical-signals/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030080213/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227056.400-nanowire-network-measures-cells-electrical-signals/ |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=New Scientist, April 22, 2009}}</ref> Most recently, Lieber realized 3D nanoscale transistors<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pastrana |first=Erika |year=2010 |title=Reading cells from within |journal=Nature Methods |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=780–781 |doi=10.1038/nmeth1010-780a |pmid=20936771 |s2cid=31249789}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |year=2010 |title=Nanobiotechnology: Tiny cell transistor |journal=Nature |volume=466 |issue=7309 |pages=904 |bibcode=2010Natur.466Q.904. |doi=10.1038/466904a |doi-access=free |s2cid=7525322}}</ref> in which the active transistor is separated from the connections to the outside world. His nanotechnology-enabled 3D cellular probes have shown point-like resolution in detection of single-molecules, intracellular function and even photons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lockwood |first=Tobias |year=2012 |title=Nano Focus: Nanoscale transistor measures living cell voltages |journal=MRS Bulletin |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=184–186 |doi=10.1557/mrs.2012.68 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

'''Nanoelectronics and brain science.''' The development of nanoelectronics-enabled cellular tools underpins Lieber's views<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kruskal |first1=P. B |last2=Jiang |first2=Z |last3=Gao |first3=T |last4=Lieber |first4=C. M |year=2015 |title=Beyond the patch clamp: Nanotechnologies for intracellular recording |journal=Neuron |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=21–4 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.004 |pmid=25856481 |doi-access=free |s2cid=16548874}}</ref> on transforming electrical recording and modulation of neuronal activity in brain science. Examples of this work include the integration of arrays of nanowire transistors with neurons at the scale that the brain is wired biologically,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvard scientists use nanowires to connect neurons |url=http://electroiq.com/blog/2006/08/harvard-scientists-use-nanowires-to-connect-neurons/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030083101/http://electroiq.com/blog/2006/08/harvard-scientists-use-nanowires-to-connect-neurons/ |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=Solid State Technology, August 25, 2006.}}</ref> mapping functional activity in acute brain slices with high spatiotemporal resolution<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=C |last2=Cui |first2=Y |year=2010 |title=Nanowire platform for mapping neural circuits |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=107 |issue=10 |pages=4489–90 |bibcode=2010PNAS..107.4489X |doi=10.1073/pnas.1000450107 |pmc=2842070 |pmid=20194753|doi-access=free }}</ref> and a 3D structure capable of interfacing with complex neural networks.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Qing |first1=Q |last2=Jiang |first2=Z |last3=Xu |first3=L |last4=Gao |first4=R |last5=Mai |first5=L |last6=Lieber |first6=C. M |year=2014 |title=Free-standing kinked nanowire transistor probes for targeted intracellular recording in three dimensions |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=142–7 |bibcode=2014NatNa...9..142Q |doi=10.1038/nnano.2013.273 |pmc=3946362 |pmid=24336402 |s2cid=4293027}}</ref> He developed macroporous 3D sensor arrays and synthetic tissue scaffold to mimic the structure of natural tissue, and for the first time generated synthetic tissues that can be innervated in 3D, showing that it is possible to produce interpenetrating 3D electronic-neural networks following cell culture.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 24, 2012 |title=Integrating man and machine |url=http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i52/Integrating-Man-Machine.html |url-status=live |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |volume=90 |issue=52 |pages=22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030140140/http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i52/Integrating-Man-Machine.html |archive-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref> Lieber's current work focuses on integrating electronics in a minimally/non-invasive manner within the central nervous system.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hong |first1=G. |last2=Fu |first2=T. M. |last3=Qiao |first3=M. |last4=Viveros |first4=R. D. |last5=Yang |first5=X. |last6=Zhou |first6=T. |last7=Lee |first7=J. M. |last8=Park |first8=H. G. |last9=Sanes |first9=J. R. |last10=Lieber |first10=C. M. |date=2018 |title=A method for single-neuron chronic recording from the retina in awake mice |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6396 |pages=1447–1451 |bibcode=2018Sci...360.1447H |doi=10.1126/science.aas9160 |pmc=6047945 |pmid=29954976 |s2cid=49535811}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018 |title=Syringe-injectable mesh electronics for stable chronic rodent electrophysiology |journal=J. Vis. Exp. |volume=137 |pages=e58003}}</ref> Most recently, he has demonstrated that this macroporous electronics can be injected by syringe to position devices in a chosen region of the brain.<ref name="Liu-2015">{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=J |last2=Fu |first2=T. M |last3=Cheng |first3=Z |last4=Hong |first4=G |last5=Zhou |first5=T |last6=Jin |first6=L |last7=Duvvuri |first7=M |last8=Jiang |first8=Z |last9=Kruskal |first9=P |last10=Xie |first10=C |last11=Suo |first11=Z |year=2015 |title=Syringe-injectable electronics |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=629–636 |bibcode=2015NatNa..10..629L |doi=10.1038/nnano.2015.115 |pmc=4591029 |pmid=26053995 |last12=Fang |first12=Y |last13=Lieber |first13=C. M}}</ref> Chronic histology and multiplexed recording studies demonstrate minimal immune response and noninvasive integration of the injectable electronics with neuronal circuitry.<ref name="Liu-2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=C |last2=Liu |first2=J |last3=Fu |first3=T. M |last4=Dai |first4=X |last5=Zhou |first5=W |last6=Lieber |first6=C. M |year=2015 |title=Three-dimensional macroporous nanoelectronic networks as minimally invasive brain probes |url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24981602 |journal=Nature Materials |volume=14 |issue=12 |pages=1286–92 |bibcode=2015NatMa..14.1286X |doi=10.1038/nmat4427 |pmid=26436341|s2cid=7344731 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jarchum |first=Irene |year=2015 |title=A flexible mesh to record the brain |journal=Nature Biotechnology |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=830 |doi=10.1038/nbt.3316 |pmid=26252143 |s2cid=26926468|doi-access=free }}</ref> Reduced scarring may explain the mesh electronics' demonstrated recording stability on time scales of up to a year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=T. M |last2=Hong |first2=G |last3=Zhou |first3=T |last4=Schuhmann |first4=T. G |last5=Viveros |first5=R. D |last6=Lieber |first6=C. M |year=2016 |title=Stable long-term chronic brain mapping at the single-neuron level |journal=Nature Methods |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=875–82 |doi=10.1038/nmeth.3969 |pmid=27571550 |s2cid=205425194}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2016 |title=Injectable nanowires monitor mouse brains for months |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/injectable-nanowires-monitor-mouse-brains-for-months |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030082937/https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-os/biomedical/devices/injectable-nanowires-monitor-mouse-brains-for-months |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |website=IEEE Spectrum, August 29, 2016}}</ref> This concept of electronics integration with the brain as a nanotechnological tool potentially capable of treating neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and traumatic injury has drawn attention from a number of media sources. ''Scientific American'' named injectable electronics one of 2015's top ten world changing ideas.<ref>{{Cite news |title=World changing ideas 2015 |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/report/world-changing-ideas-20151/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081846/https://www.scientificamerican.com/report/world-changing-ideas-20151/ |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |newspaper=Scientific American}}</ref> ''Chemical & Engineering News'' called it "the most notable chemistry research advance of 2015".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top research of 2015: Flexible electronics you can inject |url=http://2015.cenmag.org/top-research-of-2015/#.WBUHuXpwtL_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107184836/http://2015.cenmag.org/top-research-of-2015/#.WBUHuXpwtL_ |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |website=Chemical & Engineering News Top Research of 2015}}</ref>

== Criminal conviction == On January 28, 2020, Lieber was charged with making materially false, fictitious and fraudulent statements about his links to a Chinese university. The Department of Justice (DOJ) charging document alleged two counts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF APPLICATION FOR CRIMINAL COMPLAINT (AGAINST CHARLES M. LIEBER) by Robert Plumb, FBI Special Agent |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1239796/download |access-date=February 4, 2020 |website=US Department of Justice}}</ref> First, that during an interview by the Department of Defense (DoD) on April 24, 2018, Lieber was asked whether he was involved in the Thousand Talents Program. Lieber claimed that "he was never asked to participate in the Thousand Talents Program," adding that "he 'wasn't sure' how China categorized him." The DOJ determined that Lieber's statement was false after uncovering an email from Wuhan University of Technology, dated June 27, 2012, which included a contract for Lieber to sign. In November 2018, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) asked Harvard University about Lieber's foreign affiliations. In January 2019, Harvard interviewed Lieber and then reported to the NIH that Lieber, "had no formal association with WUT," after 2012. The FBI found Lieber's statements regarding the matter to be false. In a taped interview, Lieber admitted to traveling from Wuhan to Boston with bags of cash containing between $50,000 and $100,000, which he said he never disclosed to the IRS.<ref name="Murphy" />

On June 9, 2020, the DOJ alleged that, beginning in 2011 and unbeknownst to Harvard, Lieber became a "Strategic Scientist" at Wuhan University of Technology in China, that he participated in the founding of the Wuhan University of Technology-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, and acted as a contractual participant in China's Thousand Talents Plan from at least 2012 through 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvard University Professor Indicted on False Statement Charges – Justice News |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/harvard-university-professor-indicted-false-statement-charges/ |access-date=June 11, 2020 |website=justice.gov |date=June 9, 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory Officially Founded |url=http://english.whut.edu.cn/cam/news/202103/t20210320_830643.shtml |access-date=April 13, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> A month later Lieber was charged with four counts of violating tax laws by failing to report income he received from China.<ref name="Crimson">{{cite news|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/4/7/lieber-prepares-for-trial/|title=Lieber Prepares for Impending Trial on Federal Charges As He Battles Incurable Cancer|last=Wang|first=Andy Z.|date=April 7, 2021|work=The Harvard Crimson|access-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref>

In the spring of 2021, Lieber requested that his trial be expedited because he was suffering from lymphoma.<ref name="Crimson" /> Lieber's trial opened with jury selection on December 14, 2021, in Boston. He pleaded not guilty to all charges.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tau|first=Byron|date=December 15, 2021|title=Harvard Professor Charles Lieber's Trial Gets Under Way|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/harvard-professor-charles-liebers-trial-gets-under-way-11639601236|access-date=December 18, 2021|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=As Trial Begins, Lawyers for Harvard Professor Charles Lieber Say He Did Not Conceal Ties to China {{!}} News {{!}} The Harvard Crimson|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/12/15/lieber-trial-day2/|access-date=December 18, 2021|website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trial of Harvard chemist poses test for U.S. government's controversial China Initiative|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/trial-harvard-chemist-poses-test-u-s-government-s-controversial-china-initiative|access-date=December 18, 2021|website=www.science.org|language=en}}</ref>

Following a week-long trial, on December 21, 2021, Lieber was found guilty on all charges: two counts of making false statements to the U.S. government, two counts of filing a false income tax return, and two counts of failing to report foreign bank accounts.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 21, 2021|title=In a Boston Court, a Superstar of Science Falls to Earth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/21/science/charles-lieber.html|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=The New York Times}}</ref> He was fined and sentenced to two days in prison, followed by two years of supervised release with six months of house arrest on April 26, 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolata |first=Gina |date=2023-04-26 |title=Ex-Harvard Professor Sentenced in China Ties Case |language=en |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/26/science/charles-lieber-sentence-china.html |access-date=2023-08-06}}</ref>

=== Criticism of the indictment === Critics expressed worry that Lieber's arrest could amount to McCarthyism, as a part of rising tension with China amid the China–United States trade war, beginning during the first Trump administration.<ref name="nyt1">{{Cite web |last=Barry |first=Ellen |date=January 28, 2020 |title=U.S. Accuses Harvard Scientist of Concealing Chinese Funding |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/us/charles-lieber-harvard.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101130706/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/us/charles-lieber-harvard.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=January 27, 2020 |website=New York Times}}</ref><ref name="BostonGlobe.com">{{Cite web |title=Harvard scientist charged with lying about ties to Chinese university; two Chinese nationals accused of economic espionage – The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/01/28/metro/federal-prosecutors-boston-announce-charge-against-renowned-harvard-professor-lying-about-ties-program-chinese-university/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128215029/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/01/28/metro/federal-prosecutors-boston-announce-charge-against-renowned-harvard-professor-lying-about-ties-program-chinese-university/ |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |access-date=January 30, 2020 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Evelyn |first=Kenya |date=January 29, 2020 |title=Harvard professor accused of lying about ties with Chinese government |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jan/29/harvard-professor-accused-of-lying-about-ties-with-chinese-government |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319100430/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jan/29/harvard-professor-accused-of-lying-about-ties-with-chinese-government |archive-date=March 19, 2020 |access-date=April 29, 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="harvardcrimson">{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Matteo N. |date=April 23, 2020 |title=The End of the Harvard Century |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/4/23/harvard-china-scrutiny/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426173811/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/4/23/harvard-china-scrutiny/ |archive-date=April 26, 2020 |access-date=April 29, 2020}}</ref> Dr. Ross McKinney Jr., chief scientific officer of the Association of American Medical Colleges, claimed there was increasing anxiety among his colleagues that scientists will be scrutinized over legitimate sources of international funding, purporting that "slowly but surely, we're going to have something of a McCarthyish purity testing".<ref name="nyt1" /> In March 2021, several dozen scientists, including seven Nobel Prize winners, published an open letter in support of Lieber, arguing that his prosecution by the government was "unjust" and "misguided" and "discourag[ed] US scientists from collaborating with peers in other countries".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fernandes |first1=Deirdre |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Nobel Prize winners and other scientists come to defense of Harvard professor Charles Lieber – The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/03/01/metro/nobel-prize-winners-other-scientists-come-defense-harvard-professor-charles-lieber/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420003139/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/03/01/metro/nobel-prize-winners-other-scientists-come-defense-harvard-professor-charles-lieber/ |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |access-date=April 20, 2021 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Awards== * Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology (2001) * NBIC Research Excellence Award in Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania (2007)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Award for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology |url=http://www.nanotech.upenn.edu/awards.html |access-date=May 21, 2012 |publisher=UPenn Nano/Bio Interface Center |archive-date=December 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215111026/http://www.nanotech.upenn.edu/awards.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Wolf Prize in Chemistry (2012)<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2012 |title=2012 Wolf Prize in Chemistry |url=http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/2037991/2012_wolf_prize_in_chemistry.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903095121/http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/2037991/2012_Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry.html |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |access-date=March 28, 2018 |website=ChemistryViews}}</ref> * IEEE Nanotechnology Pioneer Award (2013)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris |first=James |date=September 2013 |title=IEEE Nanotechnology Council Announces 2013 Winners |journal=IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=30–31 |doi=10.1109/MNANO.2013.2260465}}</ref> * Remsen Award (2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Linda |date=February 15, 2016 |title=Remsen Award to Charles Lieber |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i7/Remsen-Award-Charles-Lieber.html?type=paidArticleContent |url-status=live |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |volume=94 |issue=7 |pages=33 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329124140/https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i7/Remsen-Award-Charles-Lieber.html?type=paidArticleContent |archive-date=March 29, 2018 |access-date=March 28, 2018 |via=American Chemical Society}}</ref> * Welch Award in Chemistry (2019)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welch Award 2019 |url=https://www.welch1.org/awards/welch-award-in-chemistry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009111151/https://www.welch1.org/awards/welch-award-in-chemistry |archive-date=October 9, 2019 |access-date=September 10, 2019}}</ref>

==Other honors and positions== Lieber is a member of the National Academy of Sciences,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2538007.html|title = Charles M. Lieber}}</ref> the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amacad.org/directory?search_api_fulltext=charles%20lieber&field_class_section=All&field_class_section_1=All&field_deceased=All&sort_bef_combine=search_api_relevance_DESC|title = Member Directory &#124; American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> the National Academy of Engineering,<ref name="CV">{{cite web |last1=Lieber |first1=Charles M. |title=CV |url=http://cml.harvard.edu/assets/CML_CV_11Feb2020.pdf |website=Charles M. Lieber's website |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=June 13, 2022 |date=February 11, 2020}}</ref> the National Academy of Medicine,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nam.edu/member/|title=Member}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> the National Academy of Inventors,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://academyofinventors.org/fellows-list/|title = National Academy of Inventors}}</ref> and an elected Foreign Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |title=12 famous scientists elected 2015 CAS Foreign Members |url=http://english.casad.cas.cn/bb/201601/t20160118_158870.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422022412/http://english.casad.cas.cn/bb/201601/t20160118_158870.html |archive-date=April 22, 2016 |website=Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASAD), November 2015}}</ref> He is an elected Fellow of the Materials Research Society, American Chemical Society (Inaugural Class), Institute of Physics, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), American Association for the Advancement of Science, and World Technology Network, and Honorary Fellow of the Chinese Chemical Society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chemistry professor Charles Lieber granted the honorary title of Fellow of the Chinese Chemical Society [in Chinese] |url=http://www.chemsoc.org.cn/news/?hid=43 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919235821/http://www.chemsoc.org.cn/news/?hid=43 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |website=Chinese Chemical Society, October 25, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2016.}}</ref> In addition he belongs to the American Physical Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), Optica, Biophysical Society and the Society for Neuroscience. Lieber is Co-editor of the journal ''Nano Letters'', and serves on the editorial and advisory boards of a number of science and technology journals.<ref name="Lieber Research Group" /> He is also a sitting member of the international advisory board of the department of materials science and engineering at Tel Aviv University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Advisory Board {{!}} The Department of Materials Science and Engineering {{!}} Tel Aviv University |url=https://en-engineering.tau.ac.il/materials/Committee |url-status=live |access-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023031730/https://en-engineering.tau.ac.il/materials/Committee |archive-date=October 23, 2020 }}</ref>

==Pumpkin growing== Since 2007 Lieber has grown giant pumpkins in his front and back yards in Lexington, Massachusetts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahoney |first=Bryan |date=October 11, 2007 |title=Journey of the great pumpkins |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuvGPuI-vmc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/YuvGPuI-vmc |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live|website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Harvard Professor's Arrest Raises Questions About Scientific Openness : Short Wave |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/14/806128410/harvard-professors-arrest-raises-questions-about-scientific-openness |access-date=August 11, 2020 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref> In 2010 he won the annual weigh-off at Frerich's Farm in Rhode Island with a 1,610-lb pumpkin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frerich's Farm Newsletter/November 2010 |url=http://www.frerichsfarm.com/November%202010%20News.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107223856/http://www.frerichsfarm.com/November%202010%20News.html |archive-date=November 7, 2016}}</ref> and returned in 2012 with a 1,770-lb pumpkin that won 2nd place in that year's weigh-off but set a Massachusetts record.<ref name="The Harvard Crimson-2014">{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2014 |title=Chem professor grows Mass.'s largest pumpkin, no plans for pie |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2014/10/15/lieber-grows-prize-winning-pumpkin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107223729/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2014/10/15/lieber-grows-prize-winning-pumpkin/ |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |website=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref> His 1,870-lb pumpkin in 2014 was named the largest pumpkin in Massachusetts and ranked 17th largest in the world that year.<ref name="The Harvard Crimson-2014" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Nanoscientist grows giant pumpkin, crabs in costume |url=http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i43/Nanoscientist-Grows-Giant-Pumpkin-Crabs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107223647/http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i43/Nanoscientist-Grows-Giant-Pumpkin-Crabs.html |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |website=Chemical and Engineering News 92(43):40}}</ref> In 2020, the year of his arrest, he grew a 2,276-lb pumpkin that currently holds the record for the largest ever grown in Massachusetts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tools.pumpkinfanatic.com/PumpkinsSeedGenetics.php?PN=2276+Lieber+2020|title=Giant Pumpkin Family Tree For 2276 Lieber 2020|website=tools.pumpkinfanatic.com}}</ref>

==See also== * Molecular electronics * Nanoparticle * Self-assembly

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== * [http://cmliris.harvard.edu/ Lieber Research Group Website] * [http://chemistry.harvard.edu/people/charles-lieber Harvard Chemistry and Chemical Biology page] * [https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/clieber Harvard Paulson SEAS page]

{{Wolf Prize in Chemistry}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lieber, Charles}} Category:1959 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century American chemists Category:21st-century American inventors Category:21st-century American Jews Category:21st-century American male writers Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers Category:American male non-fiction writers Category:American nanotechnologists Category:American people convicted of making false statements Category:American technology writers Category:Carbon scientists Category:Columbia University faculty Category:Fellows of the American Chemical Society Category:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Category:Franklin & Marshall College alumni Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Jewish American scientists Category:Jewish American non-fiction writers Category:Jewish chemists Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Category:Scientists from Philadelphia Category:Stanford University alumni