{{Short description|American journalist, author and editor}} {{Infobox person | name = Charles Frederick Briggs | image = CFBriggs.jpg | image_size = 160px | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|12|30|mf=y}} | birth_place = Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1877|6|20|1804|12|30}} | death_place = New York City, U.S. | signature = Signature of Charles Frederick Briggs.png }} '''Charles Frederick Briggs''' (December 30, 1804 – June 20, 1877), also called '''C. F. Briggs''', was an American journalist, author and editor, born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. He was also known under the pseudonym "Harry Franco", having written ''The Adventures of Harry Franco'' in 1839, which was followed by a series of works dealing more or less humorously with life in New York City.
==Biography== Briggs had been a sailor in Nantucket, Massachusetts, then a wholesale grocer. When his novel ''The Adventures of Harry Franco'' was suddenly successful, he pursued a career in journalism.<ref name=Silverman243>Silverman, Kenneth. ''Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance''. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 243. {{ISBN|0-06-092331-8}}</ref> The publication of this humorous adventure story in 1839 was an immediate sensation and led to even his friends nicknaming him "Franco", much to his dismay.<ref>Miller, Perry. ''The Raven and the Whale: The War of Words and Wits in the Era of Poe and Melville''. New York: Harvest Book, 1956: 47.</ref> In ''The Knickerbocker'', Briggs began a series of humorous writings, including a serialized story that, though incomplete, was produced as the novel ''The Haunted Merchant'' in 1843.<ref>Miller, Perry. ''The Raven and the Whale: Poe, Melville, and the New York Literary Scene''. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997 (originally published 1956): 52. {{ISBN|0-8018-5750-3}}</ref>
Briggs founded the Copyright Club in 1843. The organization sought to spread awareness of the need for international copyright law, though Briggs left the Club when a magazine named ''Centurion'' "contrived to monopolize all the credit".<ref>Miller, Perry. ''The Raven and the Whale: The War of Words and Wits in the Era of Poe and Melville''. New York: Harvest Book, 1956: 175.</ref>
Briggs started the ''Broadway Journal'' in 1844 in New York City. He handled editorial duties and solicited for publications while his business partner, former schoolteacher John Bisco, handled publishing and financial concerns.<ref name=Silverman243/> One of his contributors was his friend James Russell Lowell, though Briggs disapproved of Lowell's "hot and excited" abolitionism.<ref>Duberman, Martin. ''James Russell Lowell''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966: 70.</ref> In December 1844, Lowell wrote to Briggs to recommend Edgar Allan Poe for a job at the new magazine. Poe became associate editor of the publication in January 1845 and co-editor a month later, also becoming one-third owner.<ref>Meyers, Jeffrey. ''Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy''. Cooper Square Press, 1992: 169.</ref> Though Poe was a partial owner of the journal, Briggs never considered him a partner but "only an assistant".<ref>Silverman, Kenneth. ''Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance''. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 244. {{ISBN|0-06-092331-8}}</ref> Poe called Briggs "grossly uneducated" and said that he "has never composed in his life three consecutive sentences of grammatical English."<ref>Miller, Perry. ''The Raven and the Whale: The War of Words and Wits in the Era of Poe and Melville''. New York: Harvest Book, 1956: 156.</ref> In June 1845, Briggs resigned due to financial difficulties and, in October, Bisco sold his part of the magazine to Poe for $50 (Poe paid with a note endorsed by Horace Greeley).<ref>Sova, Dawn B. ''Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z.'' Checkmark Books, 2001: 27-28.</ref> The magazine's final publication was dated January 3, 1846.<ref>Sova, Dawn B. ''Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z.'' Checkmark Books, 2001: 34.</ref>
C. F. Briggs later worked as editor for several other publications including ''Holden's Dollar Magazine''<ref>Bayless, Joy. ''Rufus Wilmot Griswold: Poe's Literary Executor''. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1943: 201.</ref> and as managing editor for ''Putnam's Magazine'' (1853-1856) in connection with associate editors George William Curtis and Parke Godwin. With Curtis and Godwin, he also produced a gift book called ''The Homes of American Authors'' (1852).<ref>Baker, Carlos. "Parke Godwin: Pathfinder in Politics and Journalism", ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=djBWgPsvr6wC&q=Parke+Godwin+journalist&pg=PP15 Lives of Eighteen from Princeton]''. Willard Thorp, editor. Princeton University Press, 1946: 220. {{ISBN|0-8369-0941-0}}</ref> Later he served on the staff of the ''Times'', the ''Evening Mirror'', the ''Brooklyn Union'', and, finally, the ''Independent''. Briggs died on June 20, 1877, in Brooklyn.
==Critical response== thumb|''The Adventures of Harry Franco'' Lowell wrote of Briggs in his ''A Fable for Critics'': "He's in joke half the time when he seems to be sternest / When he seems to be joking, be sure he's in earnest".<ref>Delbanco, Andrew: ''Melville, His World and Work''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005: 97. {{ISBN|0-375-40314-0}}</ref> He went on: <poem> ...as he draws near You find that's a smile you took for a sneer; One half of him contradicts t'other; his wont Is to say very sharp things and do very blunt, His manners as hard as his feelings are tender.<ref>Duberman, Martin. ''James Russell Lowell''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966: 52.</ref> </poem> Later, Lowell wrote to him in 1844, "You Gothamites strain hard to attain a metropolitan character, but I think if you ''felt'' very metropolitan you would not be showing it on all occasions".<ref>Delbanco, Andrew: ''Melville, His World and Work''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005: 97–98. {{ISBN|0-375-40314-0}}</ref>
==Selected list of works== *''The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Panic'' (1839) *''The Haunted Merchant or Bankrupt Stories'' (1843) *''Working a Passage, or Life in a Liner'' (1844) *''The Trippings of Tom Pepper; or, The Results of Romancing, an Autobiography'' (1847) *''Asmodeus; or, The iniquities of New York'' (1849)
==References== {{reflist}} *{{NIE}}
==External links== *[http://www.nha.org/history/hn/HNsummer08-briggs.html Charles Frederick Briggs] at Nantucket Historical Society *[http://www.eapoe.org/people/briggscf.htm Charles Frederick Briggs] at the [http://www.eapoe.org Edgar Allan Poe Society online] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071121071440/http://etext.virginia.edu/eaf/authors/cfb.htm Charles Frederick Briggs] at the Early American Fiction Collection at the University of Virginia *[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1877/06/22/80370753.pdf Obituary] from the ''New York Times'' (June 1877) *[http://www.nha.org/history/hn/HNsummer08-briggs.html ’Sconset-born Charles Frederick Briggs: Early New York Novelist and Editor by Bette S. Weidman]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Briggs, Charles Frederick}} Category:American humorists Category:American magazine editors Category:American newspaper journalists Category:1804 births Category:1877 deaths Category:People from Nantucket, Massachusetts Category:19th-century American journalists Category:Journalists from Massachusetts Category:19th-century American male journalists