'''Chaplygin''' (masculine) or '''Chaplygina''' (feminine; also masculine genitive) may refer to:
;People *Sergey Chaplygin (1869–1942), Russian/Soviet physicist *Stanislav Chaplygin (b. 1967), retired Russian professional association football player *Valery Chaplygin (b. 1952), Soviet Olympic cyclist *Yury Chaplygin, Russian academician
;Places *Chaplygin Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Chaplygin Town Under District Jurisdiction in Chaplyginsky District of Lipetsk Oblast is incorporated as *Chaplygin (inhabited locality) (''Chaplygina''), several inhabited localities in Russia *Chaplygin (crater), a lunar crater named after Sergey Chaplygin *4032 Chaplygin, a minor planet
==See also== *Chaplygin gas *Chaplygin problem *Chaplygin sleigh *Chaplygin's equation *Chaplyginsky District
{{Disambiguation|geo|surname}}