Chamade

{{Short description|Form of signal formerly used by military}} {{about||the French novel by Françoise Sagan|La chamade|the car|Renault 19|the organ stop|En chamade|the perfume|Guerlain}}

{{Multiple issues| {{Notability|date=October 2023}} {{refimprove|date=October 2023}} }} In war, a '''chamade''' was a certain beat of a drum, or sound of a trumpet, which was addressed to the enemy as a kind of signal, to inform them of some proposition to be made to the commander; either to capitulate, to have leave to bury their dead, make a truce, etc. Gilles Ménage derives the word from the Italian {{lang|it|chiamate}}, from Latin {{lang|la|clamare}}, to call.

Marin Mersenne recorded both a chamade drum pattern,<ref>{{cite book | first=Leendert | last=van der Miesen | chapter=Conclusion | title=Marin Mersenne and the Study of Harmony | publisher=Amsterdam University Press | year=2025 | isbn=978-90-485-6414-9 | doi=10.2307/jj.26844242 | chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.26844242.12 | pages=309–310 }}</ref> and a chamade cavalry trumpet signal in his annotated copy of the {{lang|fr|Harmonie universelle}}.<ref>{{cite book | first=John H. | last=Long | title=Shakespeare's Use of Music: The Histories and Tragedies | publisher=University of Florida Press | publication-place=Gainesville | year=1971 | isbn=0-8130-0311-3 | pages=6, 271 | url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_W9-BGH-628/page/271 }}</ref>

The word was taken from French into German from the late seventeenth century in the military phrase {{lang|de|die Chamade schlagen}}, meaning 'to surrender', and became a {{lang|de|geflügeltes Wort}} in the late nineteenth century.<ref>{{cite book | first=Richard James | last=Brunt | section=Chamade | title=The Influence of the French Language on the German Vocabulary (1649–1735) | series=Studia linguistica Germanica | publisher=Walter De Gruyter | publication-place=Berlin and New York | year=1983 | isbn=3-11-008408-2 | url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Influence_of_the_French_Language_on/b7PnBQAAQBAJ | page=187 }}</ref>

==See also== * White flag

== References == {{reflist}} {{Cyclopaedia 1728|title=Chamade|page=189|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&entity=HistSciTech.Cyclopaedia01.p0343&id=HistSciTech.Cyclopaedia01&isize=M|ref=none}}

== External links == * [https://imslp.org/wiki/Special:ReverseLookup/853453 Mersenne's drum chamade] on IMSLP

Category:Law of war Category:Military diplomacy Category:Military music history