For the administrative division of Mazandaran province, see Chalus County.
Chalus
City
Native namePersian: چالوس
Coordinates36°39′17″N 51°25′16″E
CountryIran
ProvinceMazandaran
CountyChalus
DistrictCentral
MayorMasud Yaqubi
Representative in MajlesMohammadAli Mohseni Bandpey
Population total65196
Population as of2016
Websitechalus.ir
Time zoneIRST (UTC+3:30)

Chalus (Persian: چالوس)[a] is a city in the Central District of Chalus County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[1]

History

In the past and under Arabic influence, Chalus was called "Salus" or "Shalus". It has a long history of rebellions and clashes with regional rulers or occupying foreign forces. Chalus used to have a large silk factory that was active from 1936 to 1958, and exported fabrics and other silk products to different countries.

Chalus is part of the Kelarestaq area of Ruyan (Tabaristan). Ruyan was an ancient land in the west of Mazandaran province during the Baduspanids era. This land includes Kojur, Kelarestaq and Tonekabon. The city of Kojur was the centre of the land of the Ruyans. Ruyan has always been part of the Tabaristan, nowadays called Mazandaran province. The Ruyan was also called the Rostamdār, Ostandār, and Rostamdele.[2]

Demographics

Language

The people residing in Chalus speak the western dialect of Mazandarani. In the west of Chalus, the Kalarestaqi dialect is spoken, and in the east of Chalus, people speak in the Kojuri dialect.[2][3]

Mazandarani people have a background in Tabari ethnicity and speak Mazandarani. Their origin goes back to the Tapuri people. Their land was called Tapuria, the land of Tapuris. Tapuris were made to migrate to the south coast of the Caspian Sea during the Achaemenid dynasty.[4][5][6]

The native people of Sari, Babol, Amol, Nowshahr, Chalus, and Tonekabon are Mazandarani people and speak Mazandarani.[7][8]

Eastern Mazani is spoken in the entire valley of the Chalus River, though some Kurdish tribes were established in the villages of Kojur and Kelardasht during the Qajar period.[9]

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 44,618 in 12,791 households.[10] The following census in 2011 counted 47,881 people in 15,077 households.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 65,196 people in 22,166 households.[12]

Geography

The city is in Mazandaran province of northern Iran. The bordering counties are Nowshahr to the east, Tonekabon to the west (in Mazandaran province) and Tehran province to the south. It sits on the Chalus River by the Caspian Sea.

Climate

Chalus has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.

Tourism

Chalus is a major vacation destination for Iranians during holidays for its nice weather and natural attractions. One of the great attractions of Chalus is the mountainous road leading to Chalus, widely known as Chalus Road. This city has a reputation for a number of villages, one of which is called Namakab Rud. This town offers a variety of different entertaining activities, such as a cable car, offering a view of the surrounding mountains.

Gole Sorkhi, Mohavateh Kaakh (The Palace), Chalus Mahalleh, Radio Darya, Dahgiri, Sheykh Ghotb are among the most notable neighborhoods of Chalus.

The Taliesin Associated Architects (Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation) had three buildings built in Iran, one of which was the summer residence of Shams Pahlavi known as Mehrafarin Palace in Chalus (presently occupied by the local police).[13]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Also romanized as Čâlus, Chaloos, Chalous, Chalousse, and Chālūs; Mazandarani: romanized as Chālus[14][15]

References

  1. ^ Habibi, Hassan (6 October 1996 [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1375/07/15 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]). "fa:‌ایجاد و تأسیس شهرستان چالوس به مرکزیت شهر چالوس در تابعیت استان مازندران" [‌Creation and establishment of Chalus County with the center of Chalus city in the citizenship of Mazandaran province] (in Persian). مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran]. ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. پیشنهاد شماره [Proposal No.] 1.4.42.4043. Archived 31 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  2. ^ Borjian, Habib (31 July 2010). "KALĀRESTĀQ i. The District and Sub-District". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 4. pp. 367–369. Archived 2011-04-29 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  3. ^ Borjian, Habib (26 June 2013). "KOJUR i. Historical Geography". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived 2013-11-17 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  4. ^ Borjian, Habib (2004). "Māzandarān: Language and People". Iran & the Caucasus. 8 (2): 291. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573384043076045. JSTOR 4030997
  5. ^ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPU´RI". perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  6. ^ Potts, Daniel (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780199330799. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  7. ^ "Glottolog 4.6 – Mazanderani"
  8. ^ Windfuhr, G. L. 1989. New Iranian languages: Overview. In Rüdiger Schmitt, ed., Compendium linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. pp. 490.
  9. ^ Foundation، Encyclopaedia Iranica. «Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org
  10. ^ "fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان مازندران" [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Mazandaran Province] (Excel) (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived 20 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  11. ^ "fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان مازندران" [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Mazandaran Province] (Excel) (in Persian). Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived 19 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  12. ^ "fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان مازندران" [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Mazandaran Province] (Excel) (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived 7 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  13. ^ Kasraie, Nima (4 June 2004). "Spiraling into Oblivion, A film by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick". The Iranian. Archived 2020-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  14. ^
  15. ^ Hourcade, Bernard (15 December 1990). "ČĀLŪS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 7. pp. 720–722. Archived 2011-04-29 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2019-01-22.