{{Short description|None}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox official post | post = President | body = the<br />Republic of Chad | native_name = {{ubl | {{native name|ar|رئيس جمهورية تشاد|italics=off}} | {{native name|fr|Président de la<br>République du Tchad}} }} | insignia = Flag of Chad (with coat of arms).svg | insigniasize = 125px | insigniacaption = Presidential standard of Chad | nativename = | image = Mahamat Déby.jpg | imagesize = 165px | incumbent = Mahamat Déby | incumbentsince = 20 April 2021{{efn|name=MDeby|As ''de facto'' head of state until 10 October 2022, and as transitional president until 23 May 2024.}} | style = {{ubl | Mr. President<br>(informal) | His Excellency<br>(formal, diplomatic) }} | type = {{ubl | Executive president | Head of state | Commander-in-chief }} | residence = Presidential Palace, N'Djamena | appointer = | termlength = Five years, | termlength_qualified = renewable once | constituting_instrument = Constitution of Chad (2023) | formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1962|4|23}} | succession = | inaugural = François Tombalbaye | deputy = President of the National Assembly | salary = 800,000 FCFA / month | website = [https://www.presidence.td/ Presidency of Chad] }} {{Politics of Chad}}
The '''president of Chad''' ({{langx|ar|رئيس جمهورية تشاد|rayiys jumhuriat tshad}}, {{langx|fr|Président de la République du Tchad}}) is the head of state of Chad, and the commander-in-chief of the Chadian National Army. The presidency is the highest executive position in the country. The president is directly elected for a double five-year term.
A total of seven people have served as head of state of Chad (not counting two Interim Heads of State). Additionally, one person, Goukouni Oueddei, has served on two non-consecutive occasions.
The current head of state is President Mahamat Déby, who was inaugurated on 23 May 2024 following the 2024 presidential election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahamat Déby wins Chad presidential election |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz96ezdljl9o |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509234019/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz96ezdljl9o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad swears in president after disputed election, ending years of military rule |url=https://apnews.com/article/election-chad-dispute-terrorism-inauguration-8ecde546c90ea4e74a6fc43b8dbfebb6 |access-date=23 May 2024 |website=Associated Press|first=Jessica|last=Donati |date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Prior to that, Déby has served as transitional president from 2022,<ref name="The East African" /> and Chad's ''de facto'' head of state as president of the Transitional Military Council from 2021, after his father, the previous president Idriss Déby, was killed in the Northern Chad offensive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56815708|title=Chad's President Idriss Déby dies after clashes with rebels|work=BBC News|date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56836109|title=Chad's new leader - Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno|work=BBC News|date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
==Term limits== In 2018, the new Constitution of Chad reinstated two-term limits for the president. It also changed the length of the term from five years to six years.<ref name="termlimits">{{cite web |last1=Cook |first1=Candace |last2=Siegle |first2=Joseph |title=Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa |url=https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/ |website=Africa Center for Strategic Studies |access-date=6 May 2023 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506143804/https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in 2023, a constitutional referendum was held which changed the length of the term from six years back to five years and which also lowered the minimum age for the presidency from 40 down to 35.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eizenga |first1=Daniel |last2=Nodjimbadem |first2=Katie |title=Chad's Constitutional Referendum Promises a Transition without Change—or Stability |url=https://africacenter.org/spotlight/chads-constitutional-referendum-promises-a-transition-without-change-or-stability/ |website=Africa Center for Strategic Studies |access-date=11 May 2024 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527183346/https://africacenter.org/spotlight/chads-constitutional-referendum-promises-a-transition-without-change-or-stability/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Titles== * '''1960–1962''': Head of State * '''1962–1975''': President of the Republic * '''1975'''{{spaces|10}}: Chairman of the Supreme Military Council * '''1975–1978''': Head of State * '''1978–1979''': President of the Republic * '''1979'''{{spaces|10}}: Chairman of the Provisional Council of State * '''1979'''{{spaces|10}}: President of the Transitional Government of National Unity * '''1979'''{{spaces|10}}: Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee * '''1979–1982''': President of the Transitional Government of National Unity * '''1982'''{{spaces|10}}: Chairman of the Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North * '''1982'''{{spaces|10}}: Chairman of the Council of State * '''1982–1990''': President of the Republic * '''1990'''{{spaces|10}}: President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement * '''1990–1991''': President of the Council of State * '''1991–2021''': President of the Republic * '''2021–2022''': President of the Transitional Military Council<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of the President of the Transitional Military Council |url=https://presidence.td/le-president/ |website=Presidency of the Republic of Chad |access-date=10 May 2022 |language=fr |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818214450/https://presidence.td/le-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''2022–2024''': Transitional President of the Republic<ref name="The East African">{{cite news |last1=Ilunga |first1=Patrick |title=Chadian junta leader Mahamat Deby sworn in as President |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/chadian-junta-leader-mahamat-deby-sworn-in-as-president-3980166 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=The East African |date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606035452/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/chadian-junta-leader-mahamat-deby-sworn-in-as-president-3980166 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AFP">{{cite news |title=Chad Ruler Raises Hackles with Drawn-Out 'Transition' |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/chad-ruler-raises-hackles-with-drawn-out-transition-/6786565.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Agence France-Presse |agency=Voice of America |date=12 October 2022 |location=Libreville, Gabon |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603154032/https://www.voanews.com/a/chad-ruler-raises-hackles-with-drawn-out-transition-/6786565.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''2024–present''': President of the Republic
==List of officeholders== ;Political parties {{legend|{{party color|Chadian Progressive Party}}|Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) → National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution (MNRCS)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|Crimson|National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT)–People's Armed Forces (FAP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|Salmon|Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad (MPLT)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|National Union for Independence and Revolution}}|Armed Forces of the North (FAN) / National Union for Independence and Revolution (UNIR)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Patriotic Salvation Movement}}|Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
;Other factions {{legend|{{party color|Military rule}}|Military (Chadian Armed Forces and Chadian National Army)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
;Status {{legend|#E6E6AA|Interim Head of State|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
;Symbols {{note label|C|C|C}} Constitutional referendum
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" |Name<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! colspan="3" |Term of office ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |Prime minister(s) |- ! Took office ! Left office ! Time in office |- | 1 | 90px | François Tombalbaye<br>{{small|(1918–1975)}}{{efn|Changed name to '''N’Garta Tombalbaye''' on 30 August 1973 due to the policy of Africanization.}} | 1962<br>1969 | {{nowrap|11 August}} 1960 | {{nowrap|13 April}} 1975<br>{{small|(Assassinated in a coup)}} | {{ayd|1960|08|11|1975|04|13}} ! style="background:{{party color|Chadian Progressive Party}};" | | PPT<br>{{small|until 1973 renamed to}}<br>MNRCS | Position not established |- style="background:#e6e6aa;" | – | 90px | Noël Milarew Odingar<br>{{small|(1932–2007)}} | — | {{nowrap|13 April}} 1975 | {{nowrap|15 April}} 1975 | {{ayd|1975|04|13|1975|04|15}} ! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}};" | | Military | Position not established |- | 2 | 90px | Félix Malloum<br>{{small|(1932–2009)}} | — | {{nowrap|15 April}} 1975 | {{nowrap|23 March}} 1979<br>{{small|(Resigned)}} | {{ayd|1975|04|15|1979|03|23}} ! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}};" | | Military | Habré |- style="background:#e6e6aa;" | – | 90px | Goukouni Oueddei<br>{{small|(born 1944)}} | — | {{nowrap|23 March}} 1979 | {{nowrap|29 April}} 1979 | {{ayd|1979|03|23|1979|04|29}} ! style="background:Crimson;" | | {{nowrap|FROLINAT–FAP}} | Position vacant |- | 3 | 90px | Lol Mahamat Choua<br>{{small|(1939–2019)}} | — | {{nowrap|29 April}} 1979 | {{nowrap|3 September}} 1979 | {{ayd|1979|04|29|1979|09|03}} ! style="background:Salmon;" | | MPLT | Position vacant |- | 4 | 90px | Goukouni Oueddei<br>{{small|(born 1944)}} | — | {{nowrap|3 September}} 1979 | {{nowrap|7 June}} 1982<br>{{small|(Deposed in a coup)}} | {{ayd|1979|09|03|1982|06|07}} ! style="background:Crimson;" | | {{nowrap|FROLINAT–FAP}} | Ngardoum<br>{{small|(from 19 May 1982)}} |- | 5 | 90px | Hissène Habré<br>{{small|(1942–2021)}} | {{Text|1989{{ref label|C|C|C}}}} | {{nowrap|7 June}} 1982 | {{nowrap|2 December}} 1990<br>{{small|(Deposed in a coup)}} | {{ayd|1982|06|07|1990|12|02}} ! style="background:{{party color|National Union for Independence and Revolution}};" | | {{nowrap|FAN / UNIR}} | Ngardoum<br>{{small|(until 19 June 1982)}} |- | – | rowspan="2"| 90px | rowspan="2"| Idriss Déby<br>{{small|(1952–2021)}} | — | {{nowrap|2 December}} 1990{{efn|As transitional president.}} | {{nowrap|28 February}} 1991 | {{ayd|1990|12|02|1991|02|28}} ! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}};" | | rowspan="2"| Military / MPS | Position abolished |- | 6 | 1996<br>2001<br>2006<br>2011<br>2016<br>2021 | {{nowrap|28 February}} 1991 | {{nowrap|20 April}} 2021<br>{{small|(Killed in action)}} | {{ayd|1991|02|28|2021|04|20}} ! style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Salvation Movement}};" | | Bawoyeu<br>Yodoyman<br>Moungar<br>Koumakoye<br>Djimasta<br>Ouaido<br>Yamassoum<br>Kabadi<br>Faki<br>Yoadimnadji<br>''Younousmi''<br>Koumakoye<br>Abbas<br>Nadingar<br>Dadnadji<br>Deubet<br>Padacké |- | – | rowspan="2"| 90px | rowspan="2"| Mahamat Déby<br>{{small|(born 1984)}} | — | {{nowrap|20 April}} 2021{{efn|name=MDeby}} | {{nowrap|23 May}} 2024 | {{ayd|2021|04|20|2024|05|23}} ! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}};" | | rowspan="2"| Military / MPS | rowspan="2"| Padacké<br>Kebzabo<br>Masra<br>Halina |- | 7 | 2024 | {{nowrap|23 May}} 2024 | Incumbent | {{ayd|2024|05|23}} ! style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Salvation Movement}};" | |}
==Timeline== {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:1050 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:130 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late
Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}
Colors = id:ind value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend:None_(Independent) id:mil value:rgb(0.76,0.69,0.57) legend:Chadian_Armed_Forces_→_Chadian_National_Army id:ppt value:rgb(0.88,0.86,0.13) legend:Chadian_Progressive_Party id:mnrcs value:rgb(0,0,0) legend:National_Movement_for_the_Cultural_and_Social_Revolution id:frolinat value:rgb(0.84,0.16,0.13) legend:National_Liberation_Front_of_Chad id:mplt value:rgb(0.98,0.5,0.45) legend:Popular_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Chad id:fan value:rgb(0,0.49,0.77) legend:Armed_Forces_of_the_North id:unir value:rgb(0,0,0.55) legend:National_Union_for_Independence_and_Revolution id:mps value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.8) legend:Patriotic_Salvation_Movement
id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1960 till:31/12/{{#expr:{{#time:Y}}+1}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1960 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1960
Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:85 columnwidth:170 TextData = pos:(20,88) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political party:"
BarData = bar:Tombalbaye bar:Odingar bar:Malloum bar:Oueddei bar:Choua bar:Habre bar:IDeby bar:MDeby
PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Tombalbaye from: 11/08/1960 till: 27/08/1973 color:ppt from: 27/08/1973 till: 13/04/1975 color:mnrcs text:"François Tombalbaye" bar:Odingar from: 13/04/1975 till: 15/04/1975 color:mil text:"Noël Milarew Odingar" bar:Malloum from: 15/04/1975 till: 23/03/1979 color:mil text:"Félix Malloum" bar:Oueddei from: 23/03/1979 till: 29/04/1979 color:frolinat from: 03/09/1979 till: 07/06/1982 color:frolinat text:"Goukouni Oueddei" bar:Choua from: 29/04/1979 till: 03/09/1979 color:mplt text:"Lol Mahamat Choua" bar:Habre from: 07/06/1982 till: 24/06/1984 color:fan from: 24/06/1984 till: 02/12/1990 color:unir text:"Hissène Habré" bar:IDeby from: 02/12/1990 till: 28/02/1991 color:mil from: 28/02/1991 till: 20/04/2021 color:mps text:"Idriss Déby" bar:MDeby from: 20/04/2021 till: 10/10/2022 color:mil from: 10/10/2022 till: $today color:mps text:"Mahamat Déby"
}}
==Latest election== {{main|2024 Chadian presidential election}} {{Election results |cand1=Mahamat Déby |party1=Patriotic Salvation Movement |votes1= 3777279
|cand2=Succès Masra |party2=Les Transformateurs |votes2=1148245
|cand3=Albert Pahimi Padacké |party3=National Rally for Democracy in Chad |votes3=1048015
|cand4=Lydie Beassemda |party4=Party for Integral Democracy and Independence |votes4=59632<!--Typo in source--> |color4=#45A790
|cand5={{ill|Théophile Bongoro Bebzouné|fr|Bongoro Bebzouné Théophile|lt=Théophile Bongoro}} |party5=Party for Rally and Equity in Chad |votes5=46784 |color5=#ffbd58
|cand6={{ill|Alladoum Djarma Baltazar|ha|Baltazar Djarma|lt=Alladoum Djarma}} |party6=Chadian Socialist Action for Renewal |votes6=33765 |color6=#09e708
|cand7={{ill|Brice Mbaimon Guedmbaye|ha|Brice Guedmbaye|lt=Brice Guedmbaye}} |party7=Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic |votes7=27848
|cand8={{ill|Yacine Abdramane Sakine|fr}} |party8={{ill|Reformist Party (Chad)|fr|Parti réformiste (Tchad)|lt=Reformist Party}} |votes8=22328 |color8=#24b102
|cand9={{ill|Mansiri Lopsikréo|fr}} |party9=Les Élites |votes9=15147 |color9=#3069bf
|cand10={{ill|Nasra Djimasngar|fr}} |party10=A New Day |votes10=12738 |color10=#f0d837
|invalid=23463 |electorate=8202207 |source=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTxrIViqiYw Africa 24] }}
==See also== * Politics of Chad * List of prime ministers of Chad * Vice President of Chad * History of Chad * List of colonial governors of Chad
==Notes== {{NoteFoot}} {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Chad.html World Statesmen – Chad]
{{Presidents of Chad}} {{Chad topics}} {{Heads of state and government of Africa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heads of State of Chad}} Chad Category:Heads of state of Chad Category:Political history of Chad Category:Politics of Chad Category:1962 establishments in Chad Heads of state Heads of state