{{Short description|Subfamily of legumes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|57|0|Late Paleocene - recent|ref=<ref name=mobot>{{Cite web |title=Fabales|url=https://mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/fabalesweb.htm|access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.mobot.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gao |first1=Yi |last2=Song |first2=Ai |last3=Deng |first3=Wei-Yu-Dong |last4=Chen |first4=Lin-Lin |last5=Liu |first5=Jia |last6=Li |first6=Wei-Cheng |last7=Srivastava |first7=Gaurav |last8=Spicer |first8=Robert A. |last9=Zhou |first9=Zhe-Kun |last10=Su |first10=Tao |date=2023 |title=The oldest fossil record of Bauhinia s.s. (Fabaceae) from the Tibetan Plateau sheds light on its evolutionary and biogeographic implications |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2244495 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2023.2244495 |bibcode=2023JSPal..2144495G |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref>}} | image = Cercis siliquastrum MHNT.jpg | image_caption = ''Cercis siliquastrum'' | image2 = Bauhinia × blakeana (Kachnar) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1463.jpg | image2_caption = ''Phanera variegata'' | taxon = Cercidoideae | authority = Legume Phylogeny Working Group<ref name="6subfamilies">{{cite journal | author = The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). | year = 2017 | title = A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny | journal = Taxon | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–77 | doi = 10.12705/661.3| doi-access = free | hdl = 10568/90658 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> | type_genus = ''Cercis'' | type_genus_authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text | synonyms = * Bauhiniaceae <small>Martynov 1820</small> * Cerceae <small>Bronn 1822</small> * Cercideae <small>Bronn 1822</small> }}
'''Cercidoideae''' is a subfamily in the pea family, Fabaceae. Well-known members include ''Cercis'' (redbuds), including species widely cultivated as ornamental trees in the United States and Europe, ''Bauhinia'', widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in tropical Asia, and ''Tylosema'' , a semi-woody genus of Africa. The subfamily occupies a basal position within the Fabaceae and is supported as monophyletic in many molecular phylogenies.<ref name="Doyle">{{cite book | vauthors = Doyle JJ, Chappill JA, Bailey CD, Kajita T | year = 2000 | chapter = Towards a comprehensive phylogeny of legumes: Evidence from ''rbcL'' sequences and non-molecular data | veditors = Herendeen PS, Bruneau A | title = Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9 | chapter-url = http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52 | location = Kew, UK | publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens | pages = 1–20 | isbn = 184246017X | access-date = 2014-05-04 | archive-date = 2014-01-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140116180637/http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Bruneau1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bruneau A, Forest F, Herendeen PS, Klitgaard BB, Lewis GP | year = 2001 | title = Phylogenetic Relationships in the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as Inferred from Chloroplast ''trnL'' Intron Sequences | journal = Syst Bot | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 487–514 | url = http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.487 | doi = 10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.487 | doi-broken-date = 11 July 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davis CC, Fritsch PW, Li J, Donoghue MJ | year = 2002 | title = Phylogeny and Biogeography of Cercis (Fabaceae): Evidence from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS and Chloroplast ''ndhF'' Sequence Data | journal = Syst Bot | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–302 | url = http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0363-6445-27.2.289 | doi = 10.1043/0363-6445-27.2.289 | doi-broken-date = 11 July 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Wojciechowski">{{cite journal | doi = 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846 | title = A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid ''matK'' gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family | year = 2004 |vauthors=Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M, Sanderson MJ | s2cid = 13934619 | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 91 | pages = 1846–62 | issue = 11 | pmid = 21652332 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Bruneau2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bruneau A, Mercure M, Lewis GP, Herendeen PS | year = 2008 | title = Phylogenetic patterns and diversification in the caesalpinioid legumes | journal = Botany | volume = 86 | issue = 7 | pages = 697–718 | doi=10.1139/b08-058}}</ref><ref name="LPWG1">{{cite journal | author = LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] | year = 2013 | title = Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades | journal = Taxon | volume = 62 | issue = 2 | pages = 217–248 | doi=10.12705/622.8| hdl = 11336/27330 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/78167/1/Taxon_2013_217-248.pdf }}</ref> At the 6th International Legume Conference, the Legume Phylogeny Working Group proposed elevating the tribe Cercidae to the level of subfamily within the Leguminosae (Fabaceae).<ref name="LPWG2">{{cite journal | title = Towards a new classification system for legumes: Progress report from the 6th International Legume Conference | year = 2013 | author = LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] | journal = S Afr J Bot | volume = 89 | pages = 3–9 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.022 | doi-access = free | hdl = 11336/29300 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> The consensus agreed to the change, which was fully implemented in 2017.<ref name="6subfamilies"/> It has the following clade-based definition: <blockquote>The most inclusive crown clade containing ''Cercis canadensis'' <small>L.</small> and ''Bauhinia divaricata'' <small>L.</small> but not ''Poeppigia procera'' <small>C.Presl</small>, ''Duparquetia orchidacea'' <small>Baill.</small>, or ''Bobgunnia fistuloides'' <small>(Harms) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema.</small><ref name="6subfamilies"/></blockquote> Many genera show unique palynology.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Banks H, Forest F, Lewis GP | year = 2013 | title = Palynological contribution to the systematics and taxonomy of ''Bauhinia s.l.'' (Leguminosae: Cercideae) | journal = South African Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | pages = 219–226 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.028| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Banks H, Forest F, Lewis GP | year = 2014 | title = Evolution and diversity of pollen morphology in tribe Cercideae (Leguminosae) | journal = Taxon | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 299–314 | doi = 10.12705/632.37 }}</ref>
==Genera== [[File:Lysiphyllum hookeri Flower.jpg|thumb|right|''Lysiphyllum hookeri'']] [[File:Bauhinia divaricata2.jpg|thumb|right|''Bauhinia divaricata'']] Cercidoideae comprises the following genera<ref name="6subfamilies"/><ref name="Sinou">{{cite journal | title = The genus ''Bauhinia s.l.'' (Leguminosae): A phylogeny based on the plastid ''trnL''–''trnF'' region | year = 2009 |vauthors=Sinou C, Forest F, Lewis GP, Bruneau A | journal = Botany | volume = 87 | issue = 10 | pages = 947–960 | doi = 10.1139/B09-065 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Reorganization of the Cercideae (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) | year = 2010 | author = Wunderlin RP | journal = Phytoneuron | volume = 48 | pages = 1–5 | url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Cercideae.pdf }}</ref> organized into tribes:<ref name="Wunderlin1">{{cite journal | title = Reorganization of the Cercideae (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) | year = 2010 | author = Wunderlin RP | journal = Phytoneuron | volume = 48 | pages = 1–5 | url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Cercideae.pdf }}</ref>
===Cercideae=== *''Adenolobus'' <small>(Harv. ex Benth. & Hook.f.) Torre & Hillc.</small> <!-- Bandeiraea was reclassified as Griffonia. --> *''Cercis'' <small>L.</small> *''Griffonia'' <small>Baill.</small> <!-- Siliquastrum was reclassified as Cercis. -->
===Bauhinieae=== <!-- Alvesia was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Amaria was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Ariaria was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> *''Barklya'' <small>F. Muell.</small> *''Bauhinia'' <small>L.</small> <!-- Bracteolanthus was reclassified as Lysiphyllum. --> *''Brenierea'' <small>Humbert</small> <!-- Cansenia was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Caspareopsis was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Casparia was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Caulotretus was reclassified as Schnella. --> *''Cheniella'' <small>R.Clark & Mackinder</small><ref name="Cheniella">{{cite journal|vauthors=Clark RP, Mackinder BA, Banks H | year = 2017 | title = ''Cheniella'' gen. nov. (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) from southern China, Indochina and Malesia | journal = European Journal of Taxonomy | issue = 360 | pages = 1–37 | doi = 10.5852/ejt.2017.360| doi-access = free }}</ref> <!-- Elayuna was reclassified as Piliostigma. --> *''Gigasiphon'' <small>Drake</small> <!-- Lacara was reclassified as Schnella. --> <!-- Locellaria was reclassified as Piliostigma. --> *''Lysiphyllum'' <small>(Benth.) deWit</small> <!-- Mandarus was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Mandarus was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Monoteles was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> <!-- Perlebia was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> *''Phanera'' <small>Lour.</small><ref name="Jiang"/> (includes ''Lasiobema'' <small>(Korth.) Miq.</small>{{#tag:ref|Several sources now treat ''Lasiobema'' as a section of genus ''Phanera''.|group=Note}}) *''Piliostigma'' <small>Hochst.</small> *''Schnella'' <small>Raddi</small> <!-- Telestria was reclassified as Bauhinia. --> *''Tournaya'' <small>A.Schmitz</small><ref name="Jiang">{{cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Kai-Wen |title=New Combinations in the Genus Phanera (Fabaceae: Cercidoideae) of China |journal=J. Jpn. Bot. |date=2020 |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=211–213}}</ref> *''Tylosema'' <small>(Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc.</small>
===Extinct=== * †''Bauhcis'' <small>Calvillo-Canadell and Cevallos-Ferriz</small><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0034-6667(02)00135-5 | title = ''Bauhcis moranii'' gen. et sp. nov. (Cercideae, Caesalpinieae), an Oligocene plant from Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mex., with leaf architecture similar to ''Bauhinia'' and ''Cercis'' | year = 2002 |vauthors=Calvillo-Canadell L, Cevallos-Ferriz SR | journal = Rev Palaeobot Palynol | volume = 122 | pages = 171–184 | issue = 3–4 | bibcode = 2002RPaPa.122..171C }}</ref>
==Phylogeny== Molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:<ref name="Sinou"/><ref name="Wunderlin1"/><ref name="Cheniella"/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang YH, Wicke S, Wang H, Jin JJ, Chen SY, Zhang SD, Li DZ, Yi TS | year = 2018 | title = Plastid Genome Evolution in the Early-Diverging Legume Subfamily Cercidoideae (Fabaceae) | journal = Frontiers in Plant Science | volume = 138 | issue = 138 | pages = 1–12 | doi = 10.3389/fpls.2018.00138| pmid = 29479365 | pmc = 5812350 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
{{Clade| style=line-height:75%; |label1=Fabales |1={{clade |1=Detarioideae (outgroup) |label2='''Cercidoideae''' |2={{clade |1=''Cercis'' |2={{clade |1=''Adenolobus'' |2={{clade |1=''Griffonia'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Piliostigma'' |2={{clade |1=''Brenierea'' |2=''Bauhinia sensu stricto'' }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Gigasiphon'' |2={{clade |1=''Tylosema'' |2={{clade |1=''Schnella'' |2={{clade |1=''Barklya'' |2={{clade |1=''Lysiphyllum'' |2={{clade |1=''Cheniella'' |2={{clade |1=''Lasiobema'' |2=''Phanera'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
==Notes== {{Reflist|group=Note}}
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== * {{Wikispecies inline}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q42398994}}
Category:Cercidoideae Category:Rosid subfamilies