Bandfish

{{Short description|Family of fishes}} {{for|the family of gastropods also called Cepolidae from the superfamily Helicoidea|Cepolidae (gastropod)}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Cepola macrophthalma 01.JPG | image_caption = ''Cepola macrophthalma'' | taxon = Cepolidae (fish) | authority = Rafinesque, 1810<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp | year = 2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268078514 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 001–230 | access-date = 24 July 2021}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision_ref = <ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=461–462 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |access-date=2021-08-14 |archive-date=2019-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | subdivision = See text }}

The '''bandfishes''', family '''Cepolidae''', are 23 species of marine ray-finned fishes, They are native to the East Atlantic and Indo-Pacific where they dig burrows in sandy or muddy seabeds and eat zooplankton.

==Taxonomy== The bandfishes belong to the family Cepolidae, of the order acanthuriformes. The family was created in 1810 by the French naturalist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque.<ref name = VDLEF/> The placement of the Cepolidae within the Perciformes is not agreed by all authors, some authors place the family with the Priacanthidae in the order Priacanthiformes, an order which is considered to be ''incertae sedis'' within the series Eupercaria.<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase family|family=Cepolidae|month=June|year=2021}}</ref>

===Subfamilies and genera=== The family Cepolidae has 23 species which are arranged into two subfamilies and three genera as follows:<ref name = Nelson5/><ref name = Fishbase/><ref name = VDLEF/><ref name = CofF>{{Cof family | family = Cepolidae | access-date = 14 August 2021}}</ref>

* Subfamily Cepolinae Rafinesque, 1815 ** Genus ''Acanthocepola'' Bleeker, 1874 ** Genus ''Cepola'' Linnaeus, 1764 *Subfamily Owstoninae Jordan, Tanaka & Snyder, 1913 ** Genus ''Owstonia'' Tanaka, 1908

Some authorities recognise an additional two genera ''Pseudocephala'' and ''Sphenanthias''<ref name = Nelson5/> but these are regarded as synonyms of ''Owstonia'' by others.<ref name = CofF/>

===Etymology=== The family name, Cepolidae, is derived from the name coined in 1764 by Linnaeus for the type genus, ''Cepola'' and means "little onion", Linnaeus did not explain why he chose this name. It is likely derived from ''cepollam'' or ''cepulam'', which in 1686 was said by Francis Willughby to be local names among Roman fishermen for the similar "''Fierasfer"'', a pearlfish, to which Linnaeus believed ''Cepola macrophthalma'' was related. As well as this, in 1872 Giovanni Canestrini reported that in Naples the common name for ''C. macropthalma'' is ''Pesce cipolia'' meaning "onion fish".<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/priacanthiformes/ | title = Order Priacanthiformes: Families Priacanthidae and Cepolidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 3 September 2020 | access-date = 14 August 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

===Homonymy=== The name Cepolidae Rafinesque, 1815 is a senior homonym for the family Cepolidae Ihering, 1909 a family of land snails belonging to the superfamily Helicoidea. The case needs be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to resolve the homonymy.<ref name = mb>{{cite web | url = https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994705 | title = Cepolidae Ihering, 1909 | access-date = 15 August 2021 | publisher = MolluscaBase | author = Ruud Bank | date = 13 June 2017}}</ref>

==Characteristics== The bandfishes are characterised by the possession of a continuous dorsal fin with anything between 0 and 4 spines, frequently 3, spines and an anal fin which has 0 to 2 spines.<ref name = Fishbase/> The lanceolate caudal fin is usually joined to the dorsal and anal fins.<ref name = FofA>{{cite web| author = Bray, D.J. | year = 2017 | title = Bandfishes, CEPOLIDAE | work = Fishes of Australia | access-date = 14 August 2021 | url = https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/family/1 | publisher = Museums Victoria}}</ref> There is a single pair of postcleithra and there are 6 branchiostegal rays. The lateral line lies along the base of the dorsal fin. The epineural ribs in some of the vertebrae of the trunk are fused where they are closest to the corresponding pleural ribs. The overall colour of the body s normally red or pink. The maximum length attained is {{cvt|70|cm}} in ''Cepola rubescens''.<ref name = Fishbase/> They have a large oblique mouth,<ref name = Britannica>{{cite web | url = https://www.britannica.com/animal/bandfish | title = Bandfish | access-date = 14 August 2021 | website = britannica.com}}</ref> normally equipped with a single row of thin weakly curved teeth on each jaw,<ref name = FofA/> there are no vomerine teeth or palatine teeth.<ref name = Fishbase/> They have large eyes.<ref name = Britannica/> They have cycloid scales which have crenulated edges. The distal pelvic fin rays are unbranched, the remaining proximal four rays are branched.<ref name = FofA/>

==Distribution== The bandfishes are found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Indo-West Pacific region, as far south as New Zealand.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Biology== The bandfishes are mostly fossorial, creating burrows in areas with fine sand or mud substrates. They leave these burrows to feed on zooplankton in the water column. The lay pelagic eggs.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Cultural references== The oldest recipe by a named author involves the preparation of a bandfish. The original recipe book, by Mithaecus, is now lost, but the recipe itself survives thanks to being quoted in the Deipnosophistae.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Dalby | first = Andrew | authorlink = Andrew Dalby | title = Food in the ancient world from A to Z | publisher = Routledge | year = 2003 | location = Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England | pages = 79, 220 | isbn = 0-415-23259-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last = Dalby | first = Andrew | authorlink = Andrew Dalby | title = Siren Feasts | publisher = Routledge | year = 1996 | location = Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England | pages = 109–110 | isbn = 0-415-15657-2}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

Category:Cepolidae Category:Percoidei Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque