Central Russian dialects

{{Short description|Dialect group of Russian}} {{expand Russian|Среднерусские говоры}} thumb|400px|Map of the Russian dialects of the primary formation (Central Russian is light green) The '''Central''' or '''Middle Russian dialects''' ({{langx|ru|Среднерусские говоры}}) is one of the main groups of Russian dialects. Of Northern Russian origin, it has nonetheless assumed many Southern Russian features.

The official dialect (Standard Russian) originates from a dialect from this group.

== Territory == * The territory of the ''primary formation'' (e.g. that consist of "Old" Russia of the 16th century before Eastern conquests by Ivan IV) is fully or partially modern regions (''oblasts''): Moscow, Tver, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Pskov, Novgorod, Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl (in Rostov), Ryazan (in Kasimov) and the enclave of Chukhloma. * The territory of the ''second formation'' (e.g. where Russians settled after the 16th century) consist of most of the land to the South-East of Moscow, that is the middle and lower Volga, Ural as well as Siberia and Far East. It also includes Saint-Petersburg, whose dialect is fairly close to Standard Russian.

== Features == Central Russian is a transitional stage between the North and the South, so some of its dialects closer to the North have northern features, and those closer to the South have the southern ones.{{sfn|Sussex|Cubberley|2006|pp=521–526}}

== Classification == There are two types of internal differentiation of Central Russian dialects, the first is based on the methods of linguistic geography (areal classification),<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Dialektnoe chlenenie russkogo i︠a︡zyka|last1=Zakharova, Kapitolina Fedorovna.|last2=Захарова, Капитолина Федоровна.|date=2004|publisher=Editorial URSS|others=Orlova, V. G. (Varvara Georgievna), Орлова, В. Г. (Варвара Георгиевна)|isbn=5354009170|edition=2. izd., stereotipnoe|location=Moskva|oclc=56977847}}</ref> the second is based on typological patterns (structural-typological classification)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dialectologia slavica : sbornik k 85-letii︠u︡ Samuila Borisovicha Bernshteĭna|date=1995|publisher=Izd-vo "Indrik"|others=Klepikova, G. P. (Galina Petrovna), Kalnynʹ, L. Ė. (Li︠u︡dmila Ėduardovna), Ovchinnikova, E. N., Клепикова, Г. П. (Галина Петровна), Калнынь, Л. Э. (Людмила Эдуардовна), Овчинникова, Е. Н.|isbn=5857590280|location=Moskva|oclc=35519940}}</ref>

The most well known and widespread are areal classification.<ref name=":0" />

The main groups in the Central Russian dialects: *Pskov group of dialects *Western group of dialects *Eastern group of dialects

Pskov group is transitional to the dialects of Belarus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/rus/sian/5.htm|title=Русские (5)|website=www.booksite.ru|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref>

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

==References== *{{Citation |last=Crosswhite |first=Katherine Margaret |year=2000 |title=Vowel Reduction in Russian: A Unified Account of Standard, Dialectal, and 'Dissimilative' Patterns |url=http://www.bcs.rochester.edu/cls/s2000n1/crosswhite.pdf |journal=University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=107–172 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206015223/http://www.bcs.rochester.edu/cls/s2000n1/crosswhite.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-06 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Sussex | first1 = Roland | author-link = Roland Sussex | last2 = Cubberley | first2 = Paul | title = The Slavic languages | chapter = Dialects of Russian | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2006 | location = Cambridge | pages = 521–526 | isbn = 978-0-521-22315-7 }}

==External links== * R. Ronko, E. Volf, M. Grebenkina, M. Ershova, A. Okhapkina, A. Hadasevich, V. Morozova. [https://linghub.ru/opochka/ Opochka Dialect Corpus]. 2019 Moscow: Linguistic Convergence Laboratory, NRU HSE; Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Russian Dialects}} Category:Russian-language dialects