{{Short description|Species of New World monkey}} {{Speciesbox | name = Colombian white-faced capuchin | image = Cebus capucinus at the Bronx Zoo 001.jpg | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=de la Torre, S. |author2=Moscoso, P. |author3=Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. |author4=Rosales-Meda, M. |author5=Palacios, E. |author6=Link, A. |author7=Lynch Alfaro, J.W. |author8=Mittermeier, R.A. |date=2021 |title=''Cebus capucinus'' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T81257277A191708164 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Cebus | species = capucinus | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | range_map = Cebus capucinus and imitator Range Map.png | range_map_caption = Distributions of ''Cebus capucinus'' (red)<ref name=tax>{{cite book |title=New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates|chapter=Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates|author=Rylands, A.|author2=Groves, C.|author3=Mittermeier, R.|author4=Cortes-Ortiz, L.|author5=Hines, J.|name-list-style=amp|editor = Estrada, A. |editor2=Garber, P. |editor3=Pavelka, M. |editor4=Luecke, L|publisher=Springer|location=New York|year=2006|pages=40–43|isbn=978-0-387-25854-6}}</ref> and ''Cebus imitator'' (blue). ''C.{{nbsp}}capucinus'' is found in eastern Panama as well as South America. }}

The '''Colombian white-faced capuchin''' ('''''Cebus capucinus'''''), also known as the '''Colombian white-headed capuchin''' or '''Colombian white-throated capuchin''', is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae. It is native to the extreme eastern portion of Panama and the extreme north-western portion of South America in western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.<ref name=handbook>{{cite book|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates|year=2013|isbn=978-84-96553-89-7|publisher=Lynx |editor=Mittermeier, Russell A. |editor2=Rylands, Anthony B. |editor3=Wilson, Don E. |author=Mittermeier, Russell A. |author2=Rylands, Anthony B. |pages=412–413}}</ref>

The Colombian white-faced capuchin was one of the many species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=C | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata | publisher=Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii) | year=1758|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/39/mode/1up|edition=10th|page=29|language=la}}</ref> It is a member of the family Cebidae, the family of New World monkeys containing capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys. It is the type species for the genus ''Cebus'', the genus that includes all the capuchin monkeys.<ref name=groves2>{{MSW3 Groves|page=Cebus|id=12100255}}</ref>

The white-faced capuchin is, with tufted capuchins, the most well-studied capuchin species.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perry |first=Susan |title=Manipulative Monkeys: The Capuchins of Lomas Barbudal |last2=Manson |first2=Joseph H. |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2008 |location=Cambridge, MA |pages=4}}</ref>

== Taxonomy == Until the 21st century, the Panamanian white-faced capuchin, ''Cebus imitator'', was considered conspecific with the Colombian white-faced capuchin, as the subspecies ''C.&nbsp;capucinus imitator''.<ref name="groves2" /> Some primatologists continue to consider the Panamanian and Colombian white-faced capuchins as a single species.<ref name="handbook" /> In 2012 a study by Boubli, ''et al'' demonstrated that ''C.&nbsp;imitator'' and ''C.&nbsp;capucinus'' split up to 2''&nbsp;''million years ago.<ref name="boubli">{{cite journal|title=Cebus Phylogenetic Relationships: A Preliminary Reassessment of the Diversity of the Untufted Capuchin Monkeys|author=Boubli, Jean P.|display-authors=etal|journal=American Journal of Primatology|year=2012|pages=1–13|doi=10.1002/ajp.21998|url=http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CebusPhylogeneticRelationships.pdf|access-date=2018-12-30|pmid=22311697|volume=74|issue=4|s2cid=12171529|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103046/http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CebusPhylogeneticRelationships.pdf}}</ref><ref name="alfaro">{{cite journal|title=Capuchin Monkey Research Priorities and Urgent Issues|author=Lynch Alfaro, Jessica|display-authors=etal|url=http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Capuchin-Monkey-Research-Priorities-and-Urgent-Issues.pdf|access-date=2018-12-30|journal=American Journal of Primatology|year=2014|doi=10.1002/ajp.22269|pages=1–16|volume=76|issue=8|pmid=24668460|s2cid=14778572|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810115319/http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Capuchin-Monkey-Research-Priorities-and-Urgent-Issues.pdf}}</ref>

Two subspecies of Colombian white-faced capuchin are recognized:<ref name=handbook/><ref name=all/> * ''C. c. capucinus'', from mainland South America and Panama * ''C. c. curtus'', from the Pacific island of Gorgona, sometimes referred to as the Gorgona white-faced capuchin.

== Description == Like other monkeys in the genus ''Cebus'', the Colombian white-faced capuchin is named after the order of Capuchin friars because the cowls of these friars closely resemble the monkey's head coloration.<ref>{{cite web|title=Capuchin Franciscans F.A.Q.|publisher=Capuchin Franciscans Vocation Office Province of Saint Joseph|url=http://capuchinfranciscans.org/sub_faq.html|access-date=2008-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725135402/http://capuchinfranciscans.org/sub_faq.html|archive-date=2011-07-25}}</ref><ref name=costa>{{cite book|title=The Natural History of Costa Rican Mammals|author=Wainwright, M.|year=2002|pages=135–139|publisher=Zona Tropical|isbn=978-0-9705678-1-9}}</ref> The coloration is black on the body, tail, legs and the top of the head, with white chest, throat, face, shoulders and upper arms.<ref name=handbook/> The head and body length is between {{convert|33|and|45|cm|in|lk=on|abbr=on}} with a tail length of between {{convert|35|and|55|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=handbook/> Males weigh between {{convert|3|and|4|kg|lb|lk=on|abbr=on}}, while females are about 27% smaller, weighing between {{convert|1.5|and|3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=handbook/> ''C.&nbsp;c.&nbsp;curtus'' has a shorter tail.<ref name=all>{{cite book|title=All the World's Primates|author=Phillips, Kimberly A. |editor=Rowe, Noel |editor2=Myers, Marc|pages=283–284|year=2016|publisher=Pogonias Press|isbn=978-1-940496-06-1}}</ref>

== Distribution == The white-faced capuchin is found in the extreme north-western strip between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains in Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.<ref name=tax/>

== Conservation == ''C. c. capucinus'' has been listed as vulnerable from a conservation standpoint by the IUCN, while ''C.&nbsp;c.&nbsp;curtus'' has been listed as vulnerable.<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021" /><ref>{{cite iucn |author=Palacios, E. |author2=Mittermeier, R.A. |author3=Lynch Alfaro, J.W. |date=2020 |title=''Cebus capucinus'' ssp. ''curtus'' |volume=2020 |article-number=e.T4087A17981356 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T4087A17981356.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

==Predation== Predators of Colombian white-faced capuchins include boa constrictors, tree boas (Corallus), lanceheads (such as Bothrops asper<ref>{{Cite book|title=Primates as prey: ecological, morphological and behavioral relationships between primate species and their predators|date=May 2000|author=Donna Lee Hart|publisher=Washington University Department of Anthropology}}</ref>), caimans (Caiman), jaguars, ocelots and harpy eagles.<ref>Cebus capucinus (white-faced capuchin). Animal Diversity Web. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cebus_capucinus/</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{Cebidae nav}}{{Panamanian monkey species}}{{Taxonbar |from=Q585189}}

Category:Capuchin monkeys Category:Mammals of Colombia Category:Mammals of Ecuador Category:Primates of Central America Category:Tool-using mammals Category:Mammals described in 1758 Category:Primates of South America Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Arboreal mammals