{{Short description|1st Government of Kingdom of Italy}} {{Infobox government cabinet |cabinet_name = Cavour IV government |cabinet_number = 1st |jurisdiction = Italy |flag = Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg |flag_border = true |image = Camillo Benso Cavour di Ciseri.jpg |date_formed = 23 March 1861 |date_dissolved = 12 June 1861 |government_head = [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour]] |state_head = [[Victor Emmanuel II]] |current_number = |former_members_number = |total_number = 9 |political_party = [[Historical Right]] |election = |last_election = |legislature_term = |previous = [[Third Cavour government]] |successor = [[First Ricasoli government]] }}
The '''Cavour IV government''' was the first cabinet of the [[Kingdom of Italy]]. It held office from 23 March until 12 June 1861, a total of 81 days, or 2 months and 20 days.<ref>[http://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-cavour IV Governo Cavour]</ref>
==History== In 1861, [[Victor Emmanuel II]] declared the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]], making Cavour officially Prime Minister of Italy. Cavour had many difficult issues to consider, including how to create a national military, which legal institutions should be retained in what locations, and especially the future of Rome. Most Italians thought Rome must be the capital of a united Italy, but this conflicted with the [[temporal power of the Pope]] and also the independence of [[Roman Catholic Church|the Church]]. Cavour believed that Rome should remain the seat of "a free church in a free state", which would maintain its independence but give up temporal power.<ref>Holt, ''The Making of Italy: 1815–1870'', p.266; Beales & Biagini, ''The Risorgimento and Unification of Italy'', p.154.</ref> Still Austrian [[Venetia (region)|Venetia]] was also a problem. Cavour recognized that [[Venice]] must be an integral part of Italy but refused to take a stance on how to achieve it, saying "Will the deliverance of Venice come by arms or diplomacy? I do not know. It is the secret of Providence."<ref>Holt, ''The Making of Italy: 1815–1870'', p.265.</ref> A motion approving of his foreign policy passed by a huge majority, basically only opposed by left-wing and right-wing extremist groups.
Creating Italy was no easy task, but ruling it proved a worse strain on the Prime Minister. In 1861, at the peak of his career, months of long days coupled with insomnia and constant worry took their toll on Cavour. He fell ill, presumably of [[malaria]], and to make matters worse insisted upon being bled. His regular doctor would have refused, but he was not available; so Cavour was bled several times until it was nearly impossible to draw any blood from him. He was buried in [[Santena]], near [[Turin]].
==Government parties== The government was composed by the following parties:
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:100%" |- !colspan=2|Party !Ideology !Leader |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | [[Conservatism]] | [[Camillo Benso di Cavour]] |}
==Composition== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%;" |- ! Office ! Name ! colspan=2|Party ! Term |- ! [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]] | [[Camillo Benso di Cavour]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- | colspan=6| |- ! [[Italian Minister of the Interior|Minister of the Interior]] | [[Marco Minghetti]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | [[Camillo Benso di Cavour]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Italian Minister of Justice|Minister of Grace and Justice]] | [[Giovanni Battista Cassinis]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Italian Minister of Finance|Minister of Finance]] | [[Pietro Bastogi]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Italian Minister of War|Minister of War]] | [[Manfredo Fanti]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Military (Italy)}}" | | [[Royal Italian Army|Military]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Minister of the Navy (Italy)|Minister of the Navy]] | [[Camillo Benso di Cavour]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Italian Minister of Economic Development|Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce]] | [[Giuseppe Natoli]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Italian Minister of Public Works|Minister of Public Works]] | [[Ubaldino Peruzzi]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |- ! [[Italian Minister of Public Education|Minister of Public Education]] | [[Francesco De Sanctis]] | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Historical Right}}" | | [[Historical Right]] | (1861–1861) |}
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Governments of the Kingdom of Italy}}
[[Category:Governments of Italy|Cavour 4]] [[Category:1861 establishments in Italy]] [[Category:1861 disestablishments in Italy]]