Caudron C.59

{{Short description|French biplane (1922–1924)}}  {{Infobox aircraft |name=C.59 |image=Caudron C.59 and DH-5.jpg |caption=A C.59 (foreground) in flight with a Häfeli DH-5 |type=Multi-purpose aircraft |manufacturer=Caudron |designer= |first_flight=August 1921 |introduction=1922 |retired= |status= |primary_user=French Air Force |more_users=Bulgarian Air Force<br>Turkish Air Force<br>Finnish Air Force |produced=1922–1924 |number_built=1,800+ |unit cost= |developed_from= |variants=Caudron C.60 }}

The '''Caudron C.59''' was a French, two-seat biplane with a single engine and a canvas-covered fuselage, produced between 1922 and 1924. Suitable for a variety of roles, more than 1,800 Caudron C.59s were manufactured.

==Operational history== The Caudron C.59 was used in a variety of countries, including: France, Bulgaria, China, Finland, Turkey and in the Spanish Civil War.

===Finland=== The Finnish Air Force purchased three Caudron C.59s from France in 1923. The aircraft first carried the air force designation codes 2E3-2E5 and from 1927 on CA-48 – CA-50. The manufacturing numbers of the aircraft were 5407–5409. The aircraft were equipped with wheel landing gear, but at least one aircraft (2E3) was fitted with floats. The aircraft were accepted into service on March 8, 1923, and the last one was taken out of service in 1931.

==Variants== ;C.59: Original design. ;59/2: Fitted with {{convert|230|hp|abbr=on}} Lorraine 7Ma Mizar radial engine. ;C.77: Single-seat basic trainer version; intended for 1923 ET.1 competition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.secretprojects.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=9745.0|title = Caudron designations| date=7 April 2010 }}</ref> ;C.320: c.1932, Original C.59s but refitted with {{convert|250|hp|abbr=on}} Renault 9A 9-cylinder radial engine. Some later returned to their original Hispano engines.<ref name=Hauet>{{cite book |title=Les Avions Caudrons |last=Hauet|first=André|year=2001|volume=1|publisher=Lela Presse|location=Outreau|isbn=2 914017-08-1|pages=241}}</ref>

==Surviving aircraft== thumb|right|The surviving C.59 Päijänne Tavastia Aviation Museum in Asikkala, Finland has one Caudron C.59 in storage.<ref name= Ogden>{{cite book |title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe |last= Ogden |first=Bob |year=2009|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|page=84 |isbn=978-0-85130-418-2}}</ref>

==Operators== ;{{ARG}}: *Argentine Air Force ;{{BRA}}: *Brazilian Air Force ;{{BUL}}: *Bulgarian Air Force ;{{flagicon|Republic of China}} China *Chinese Nationalist Air Force ;{{FRA}} *French Air Force *French Navy ;{{FIN}}: *Finnish Air Force ;{{POR}} *Portuguese Air Force ;{{ROU}}: *Romanian Air Force ;{{flag|Spain|1931}} *Spanish Republican Air Force<ref name="SBHAC-O">{{cite web|title=República - Armas - Otros aviones|url=http://www.sbhac.net/Republica/Fuerzas/Armas/AvOtros/AvOtros.htm|website=www.sbhac.net|language=es}}</ref> ;{{flag|Spanish State}}: *Spanish Air Force ;{{TUR}}: *Turkish Air Force ;{{VEN}}: *Venezuelan Air Force

==Specifications (C.59)== {{Aircraft specs |ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928,<ref name=JAWA1928>{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1928 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |page=95c}}</ref> ''Suomen ilmavoimien lentokoneet''<ref name=SIL>{{cite book|last1=Keskinen, Kari Stenman, Klaus Niska|first1=Kalevi|last2=Stenman |first2=Kari |last3=Niska |first3=Klaus |title=Suomen ilmavoimien lentokoneet 1918–1939 |date=1976 |publisher=Tietoteos |location=Helsinki |language=fi}}</ref> |prime units?=met  |crew=2 |length m=7.8 |span m=10.24 |height m=2.9 |wing area sqm=26 |aspect ratio= |airfoil= |empty weight kg=700 |gross weight kg=988 |max takeoff weight kg= |max takeoff weight lb= |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity= |more general=  |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=Hispano-Suiza 8Ab |eng1 type=V-8 water-cooled piston engine |eng1 hp=180

|prop blade number=2 |prop name=wooden fixed pitch propeller |prop dia m= |prop dia ft= |prop dia in= |prop dia note=  |max speed kmh=180 |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kmh= |never exceed speed mph= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |range km= |range miles= |range nmi= |range note= |ferry range km= |ferry range miles= |ferry range nmi= |ferry range note= |endurance=3 hours 30 minutes |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |ceiling note= |g limits= |roll rate= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |wing loading kg/m2=38.5 |fuel consumption kg/km= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass={{cvt|0.08197|hp/lb|kW/kg|order=flip}} }}

==See also== {{Portal|Aviation}} {{aircontent

|related=

|similar aircraft=

|lists= * List of interwar military aircraft * List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force |see also=

}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{cite journal |last1=Anderson|first1=Lennart|title=La renaissance de l'aviation militair bulgare dans les années vingt|journal=Avions |date=November–December 2019 |issue=232|pages=52–66 |trans-title=The Rebirth of Bulgarian Military Aviation in the Twenties|language=French |issn=1243-8650}} * {{cite book|last1=Stenman |first1=Kari |last2=Keskinen|first2=Kalevi |last3=Partonen |first3=Kyösti |title=Suomen Ilmavoimat 1918-1927. Vol. 1 |year=2005 |location=Espoo |isbn=952-99432-2-9 |language=fi}}

==External links== *{{commons category-inline|Caudron C.59}} {{Caudron aircraft}}

Category:1920s French military trainer aircraft C.059 Category:Biplanes Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft