{{Short description|Italian jurist and politician (1865–1953)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} [[File:Carlo Schanzer.jpg|thumb|Carlo Schanzer]] '''Carlo Schanzer''' (18 December 1865 – 23 October 1953) was a Vienna-born Italian jurist and politician. He held several cabinet posts from 1906 to 1922.
==Early life and education== Schanzer was born in Vienna on 18 December 1865.<ref name=trec>{{cite web|title=Schanzer, Carlo|language=it|publisher=Treccani|access-date=14 January 2022|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carlo-schanzer_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/}}</ref> His father was a Polish-born business lawyer, and his mother was a pianist.<ref name=trec/> Schanzer had three siblings. His brother [[Ottone Schanzer|Ottone]] was a [[Libretto|librettist]] and the other, Roberto, was an engineer and mathematician while his sister, [[Alice Galimberti|Alice]], married [[Tancredi Galimberti]], a well-known poet and writer.<ref name=trec/> In the 1870s the family moved to Milan and then to Rome.<ref name=trec/>
After graduating from a high school in Rome Schanze received a bachelor's degree in law in November 1886.<ref name=trec/> In 1888 he obtained Italian citizenship.<ref name=trec/>
==Career== Schanzer was a member of the [[Council of State (Italy)|Council of State]] and then became the director general of the civil administration at the [[Ministry of the Interior (Italy)|Ministry of the Interior]].<ref name=banca>{{cite web|title=Collana Storica Della Banca D'Italia Biografie|access-date=14 January 2022|archive-date=14 January 2022|page=344|url=https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/collana-storica/apparati-critici-csbi/BIOGRAFIE.pdf|publisher=Banca D'Italia (Editori Laterza)|language=it|year=1989|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114153500/https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/collana-storica/apparati-critici-csbi/BIOGRAFIE.pdf}}</ref> He was elected to the [[Italian Parliament]] in 1900 and to the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Italian Senate]] in 1919.<ref name=banca/> He was appointed [[Ministry of Communications (Italy)|minister of posts]] to the [[Giolitti III Cabinet|third Giolitti cabinet]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gabriele Balbi|title=The Origins of the Telephone in Italy, 1877–1915: Politics, Economics, Technology and Society |year=2011|journal=[[International Journal of Communication]]|volume=5|page=1068|issn=1058-1081}}</ref> and was in office in the period 1906–1909.<ref name=banca/> He served as the minister of treasury and as the [[Italian Minister of Finance|minister of finance]] in the [[Nitti I Cabinet|first]] and [[Nitti II Cabinet|second]] cabinets of [[Francesco Saverio Nitti]] between 1919 and 1920.<ref name=banca/> Schanzer was named as the [[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs|minister of foreign affairs]] to the [[Facta I Cabinet|Facta cabinet]] on 25 February 1922.<ref>{{cite web|author=Aldo A. Mola|title=Cronologia Sintetica Della Vita di Giovanni Giolitti|website=centrogiolittidronero.it|access-date=14 January 2022|language=it|url=https://www.centrogiolittidronero.it/Giolitti,_la_vita._Cronologia_sintetica.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Italy's New Cabinet and the Fiume Episode|journal=[[Current History]]|date=April 1922|volume=16|doi=10.1525/curh.1922.16.1.168|jstor=45329293|issue=1|pages=168–170 |s2cid=249070830}}</ref>
During the [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Fascist rule]] in Italy Schanzer continued his public activities and was appointed minister of state in December 1928.<ref name=trec/> Following the end of the Fascist period [[Carlo Sforza]], high commissioner for the sanctions against fascism, proposed Schanzer's forfeiture on 7 August 1944 based on the verdict of the a higher court dated 21 October 1944.<ref name=trec/> Against the order Schanzer appealed to the [[Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)|Supreme Court of Cassation]] which annulled the forfeiture on 8 July 1948.<ref name=trec/>
==Personal life and death== Schanzer published several articles in different academic journals, including ''[[Current History]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Carlo Schanzer |title=The New Accord between Spain and Italy|journal=Current History|date=February 1924|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45327427|volume=19 |issue=5|pages=730–735 |doi=10.1525/curh.1924.19.5.730 |jstor=45327427|s2cid=249081350 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> On 20 July 1899 he married Corinna Centurini with whom he had two daughters, Fulvia and Ludovica.<ref name=trec/>
He died in Rome on 23 October 1953.<ref name=trec/> His grandson was [[Carlo Ripa di Meana]], an Italian politician and noble, who was the son of Fulvia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Addio a Carlo Ripa di Meana, due mesi fa la morte della moglie Marina|work=Today|date=2 March 2018|language=it |url=https://www.today.it/media/carlo-ripa-di-meana-morto.html|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{Commons-inline}}
{{Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schanzer, Carlo}} [[Category:1865 births]] [[Category:1953 deaths]] [[Category:Government ministers of Italy]] [[Category:Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy]] [[Category:Politicians from Vienna]] [[Category:Ministers of finance of Italy]] [[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Italy]] [[Category:Italian people of Polish descent]] [[Category:Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Italy]] [[Category:19th-century Italian jurists]]