{{Short description|American forensic sketch artist}} {{Infobox person | name = Carl Koppelman | image = Carl Koppelman self portrait photo.jpg | caption = Koppelman in 2022 | birth_name = Carl William Koppelman | birth_date = December 1962 | birth_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | occupation = Accountant, forensic sketch artist | years_active = 2009–present | known_for = Forensic facial reconstructions of missing and unidentified people }}
'''Carl Koppelman''' (born December 1962) is an American professional accountant and unpaid volunteer forensic sketch artist. Since 2009, Koppelman has drawn over 250 reconstructions and age progressions of missing and unidentified people.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Copeland |first=Libby |title=An Unassuming Accountant Helps Solve Missing Person Cases |url=https://www.aarp.org/home-family/friends-family/info-2021/missing-persons-cold-cases.html |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=AARP |language=english}}</ref>
== Early life == Koppelman has attributed growing up in the 1970s, when there was a growing coverage of serial killers, to starting his fascination with crime and unsolved mysteries.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Web Sleuths Helping Solve Nation's "Silent Mass Disaster" |url=https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-west/public-safety/2019/12/30/web-sleuths-helping-solve-nation-s--silent-mass-disaster- |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=spectrumnews1.com |language=en}}</ref> Koppelman has also attributed several key incidents as formative memories. The first of these happened when he was 9, during the 1972 Summer Olympics, when terrorists killed 11 Israeli athletes.<ref name=":0" /> Koppelman has cited this as being one of the earlier memories of the evil that people do to each other.<ref name=":0" /> The next key event happened in 1977, when Koppelman was 14. A friend of Koppelman's brother, 17-year-old John LaMay, was killed by the "trash bag killer" Patrick Kearney.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=California man's hobby is identifying missing people through his drawings {{!}} The Spokesman-Review |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/feb/05/california-mans-hobby-is-identifying-missing-peopl/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.spokesman.com}}</ref> This incident directly impacted Koppelman's sphere of community. The third notable incident did not directly impact Koppelman, but was a formative experience for him nonetheless. In 1979, when Koppelman was 16, 16-year-old Lucinda Lynn Schaefer was killed by the "tool box killers" in neighboring Redondo Beach, California.<ref name=":0" /> Koppelman remembers following news of the case in the newspaper.<ref name=":0" />
During his young adulthood, Koppelman worked multiple different odd jobs, many of them unrelated to each other. These jobs included construction work, working in the meat room at a grocery store, and a metalworking job in the aerospace industry.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /> Koppelman never worked in a profession that required artistry, but he had done art recreationally for most of his life.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=This Artist Helps Identify Murder Victims |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/this-artist-helps-identify-murder-victims/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Vice.com |date=21 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Koppelman, who did not enjoy any of the jobs he held, went to Long Beach State University to study accounting.<ref name=":0" /> After college, Koppelman worked as an internal auditor for the Los Angeles County Municipal Court, and a Senior Accountant for Princess Cruises, based in Santa Clarita, California.<ref name=":0" /> Following that, Koppelman worked as a Senior Financial Analyst for The Walt Disney Company in Burbank, California<ref name=":0" /> until 2009, when his aging mother's failing health prevented him from making the commute.<ref name=":0" /> Koppelman subsequently became his mother's full-time caretaker at her house in El Segundo, California.<ref name=":5" /> At the time, his mother was 86.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Craig |first=Gary |title=Web sleuthing leads to ID of girl found dead in N.Y. |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/28/web-sleuthing-identify-girl-found-dead-in-ny/22471701/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Because of how much care his mother needed, most of Koppelman's interaction with the rest of the world took place online during this time.<ref name=":1" /> In 2017, after his mother's death, Koppelman sold her house and returned to work.<ref name=":6" />
== Forensic involvement ==
=== Initial interest === Koppelman first became truly interested in crime and forensics in August 2009, after the media storm surrounding the safe return of Jaycee Dugard.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraniuk |first=Chris |title=The amateur detectives tackling murders and kidnaps |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140501-meet-the-bedroom-detectives |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref> Koppelman reports sitting in his mother's home on the computer, looking at online news articles about the case and photos of Dugard.<ref name=":0" /> Through his seeking of material about the case, Koppelman first came across Websleuths, a forum website for armchair enthusiasts of crime investigation.<ref name=":1" /> Koppelman began to explore the website, and found himself gravitating specifically towards the forum for the missing and unidentified.<ref name=":1" /> Over time, Koppelman shifted from reading the discussions to pitching in on them, spending up to 12 hours a day searching for leads, from sources such as old yearbooks and Classmates.com pages.<ref name=":3" /> Koppelman posts under the username CarlK90245.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-20 |title=This accountant's hobby? Identifying missing people through his drawings |url=https://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20170119/this-accountants-hobby-identifying-missing-people-through-his-drawings |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=San Gabriel Valley Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Koppelman has stated that the skills he learned as an accountant helped him in his pursuits as a web sleuth,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017-01-18 |title=This accountant's hobby? Identifying missing people through his drawings |url=https://www.ocregister.com/articles/koppelman-741398-tammy-people.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Orange County Register |language=en-US}}</ref> including the large spreadsheet he keeps of listings from NamUs.<ref name=":1" /> Koppelman continued to contribute, eventually being appointed as an unpaid administrator for the forum.<ref name=":2" />
=== Work as a sketch artist === Koppelman's work as an amateur sketch artist began in 2009, when he noted that police reconstructions of unidentified and formerly unidentified decedents often did not resemble their subjects,<ref name=":1" /> as well as looking stiff and not lively.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Downs |first=Caleb |date=2017-10-25 |title=California artist recreates image of unidentified woman found dead in East Side ditch in 1990 |url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/California-artist-recreates-image-of-unidentified-12305839.php |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=mySA |language=en-US}}</ref> Koppelman's first reconstruction was of a male found dead of accidental causes in a motel in Philadelphia in 2006,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-17 |title=Meet the man who draws dead bodies |url=https://www.vocativ.com/328851/meet-the-man-who-draws-dead-bodies/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Vocativ |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007014148/https://www.vocativ.com/328851/meet-the-man-who-draws-dead-bodies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> later identified as Joseph Cole.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |author=Shachar Peled |title=Illustrator's portraits help identify Jane and John Does |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/us/illustrator-identifies-deceased-unknown/index.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=CNN|date=5 October 2016 }}</ref> After this, Koppelman continued to create reconstructions. Initially, Koppelman would do reconstructions based on which cases had postmortem photos publicly available online, though as he grew in rapport Koppelman began to work with law enforcement on cases.<ref name=":1" /> Nancy Monahan's website for missing and unidentified people in Pennsylvania asked to use one of Koppelman's reconstructions,<ref name=":4" /> this one being of an unidentified male who died in a hospital in Los Angeles after a coma caused by blunt trauma to the head,<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2016-10-05 |title=Illustrator's portraits help identify Jane and John Does |url=https://gantnews.com/2016/10/05/illustrators-portraits-help-identify-jane-and-john-does/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=GantNews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> who was later identified as George Pollard of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Koppelman's reconstruction was directly attributed to helping match the identification, as loved ones of Pollard saw the reconstruction on Monahan's website and noted the similarities between the reconstruction and George Pollard.<ref name=":4" /> Pollard's case is often attributed to be Koppelman's first significant contribution as a forensic artist.
Since he began his forensic involvement, Koppelman has helped to close 8 cases as of 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Koppelman has no specific criteria for how he picks which cases he will reconstruct.<ref name=":1" /> Koppelman's renderings themselves have been credited in the identifications of 3 unidentified decedents.<ref name=":3" /> Koppelman himself has matched 5 identities,<ref name=":2" /> and his contributions have helped 2 missing-presumed-dead be recovered alive.<ref name=":2" /> Koppelman, who is almost always an unpaid volunteer,<ref name=":5" /> puts every reconstruction up on Websleuths.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Craig |first=Gary |title=Web sleuth helped find ID of dead girl |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2015/01/27/tammy-jo-alexander-cali-missing-person-caledonia/22420611/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Democrat and Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> Koppelman also sends his completed reconstructions to NamUs, who then decide whether or not to display it on the case's listing.<ref name=":5" /> Koppelman also works by request with local law enforcements,<ref name=":2" /> and is a volunteer at the DNA Doe Project,<ref name=":3" /> where he helps to do genealogical research in addition to providing reconstructions.<ref name=":6" /> In addition to reconstructions of unidentified decedents, Koppelman also gets requests from families of missing persons to create age progressions of their missing loved ones.<ref name=":1" /> Koppelman receives a high volume of such requests, and is not logistically capable of fulfilling all of them.<ref name=":1" /> Koppelman's Websleuths involvements in multiple cases have been reported in the press, most famously those of Tammy Alexander and Sherri Jarvis.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Leffler 3 |first=David |date=2021-11-09 |title=How Walker County Jane Doe Was Identified at Last |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/true-crime/walker-county-jane-doe-identified-sherri-jarvis/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Texas Monthly |language=en}}</ref> One of the owners of Websleuths, Tricia Griffith, has personally thanked Koppelman for his contributions.<ref name=":2" />
Following the death of his mother in 2017, Koppelman returned to working as an accountant, but continues to create forensic reconstructions.<ref name=":6" />
=== Forensic arts process === According to Koppelman, each reconstruction takes multiple drafts, with some reconstructions taking dozens.<ref name=":3" /> Koppelman creates his reconstructions on Corel Photo-Paint, software he received as a gift.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Ed |date=2021-08-25 |title=The Girl in the Picture |url=http://magazine.atavist.com/the-girl-in-the-picture-aundria-bowman-dennis-murder-michigan-cold-case/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=The Atavist Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Koppelman begins each reconstruction with a model photo of a live person who is similar to how the decedent would have looked in life, which he uses to maintain a lifelike quality to his reconstructions.<ref name=":1" /> After several years of experience creating forensic reconstructions, Koppelman is adept at figuring out the race, sex, age, and build of a decedent based on highly degraded remains, including charred remains or skulls.<ref name=":8" /> Koppelman sets the model photo at 90% transparency, with the intention to keep his reconstruction from being unduly influenced by the model photo, which is intended to serve more as a guideline.<ref name=":1" /> Koppelman then creates the reconstruction while studying post-mortem photographs of the decedent extensively.<ref name=":5" /> The amount of time each reconstruction takes to complete varies based on factors such as decomposition and facial trauma.<ref name=":1" /> Cases with minimal damage typically take between 5 and 6 hours for Koppelman to reconstruct.<ref name=":3" /> However, even in cases with minimal decomposition, rigor mortis causes changes in facial features such as the eyes and mouth.<ref name=":1" />
== Notable cases == Carl Koppelman's involvement has been credited with significant progress in multiple cases, and in some cases, such as that of Tammy Jo Alexander, Koppelman was even the one to link the decedent with their correct identity.<ref name=":9" /> In the case of Sherri Ann Jarvis, Koppelman was the administrator of a Facebook page that helped to keep public attention on the case.<ref name=":10" /> In the cases of Aundria Bowman and Linda Pagano, Koppelman's involvement on the cases can increase the pressure on law enforcement to make headway in the cases.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":13" /> === "Cali Doe" Tammy Jo Alexander === {{Main articles|Murder of Tammy Alexander}}thumb|150x150px|Reconstruction by Koppelman of Tammy Alexander |leftIn 1979, a teenaged girl was shot in the back and head and dumped in a cornfield in Caledonia, in upstate New York.<ref name=":9" /> The girl, who inspectors believed was a runaway or hitchhiker, remained unidentified, coming to be known instead as "Caledonia Jane Doe" or "Cali Doe". Koppelman made his first reconstruction of Cali Doe in 2010,<ref name=":2" /> but would reconstruct her more than 20 more times in the coming years.<ref name=":6" /> Koppelman reported being specially invested in the Cali Doe case,<ref name=":9" /> and had said that he believed that after so much time spent reconstructing Cali Doe, he would be able to recognize her anywhere.'''<ref name=":0" />''' In addition to repeatedly reconstructing the victim's face, Koppelman also would spend hours looking through old yearbooks from high schools in Florida, Arizona, and Southern California, places where pollen analysis of the victim's clothing indicated she had been living shortly before her death.<ref name=":2" /> Due to her history of running away, Tammy Jo Alexander was assumed to have started a new life elsewhere without contact with her family.<ref name=":1" /> In autumn of 2014,<ref name=":9" /> a friend of Alexander's from high school, wondering what had happened to her old classmate, put up a missing person listing including a photo of Alexander.<ref name=":7" /> Before that, Alexander had not been listed as missing anywhere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tammy Jo's Portrait Artist Sheds Light on Solving Mystery |url=https://geneseesun.com/tammy-jos-portrait-artist-sheds-light-troubled-girl/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=geneseesun.com}}</ref> In September of that year, Koppelman came upon the listing for Alexander on NamUs and immediately suspected that Alexander could be Cali Doe'''.'''<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=California Man Helped Break Tammy Jo Alexander Case Through Social Media |url=https://spectrumlocalnews.com/news/2015/01/26/websleuths-help-identify-tammy-jo |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=spectrumlocalnews.com |language=en}}</ref> The identification was confirmed through forensic DNA analysis using DNA from Alexander's half-sister, Pamela Dyson.<ref name=":9" /> On January 25, 2016, 35 years after her death, Cali Doe was publicly identified as Tammy Jo Alexander of Florida'''.'''<ref name=":0" /> A funeral service for Alexander was held at the cemetery she was buried at in Livingston, New York, which Koppelman was in attendance for.<ref name=":2" />
=== "Walker County Jane Doe" Sherri Ann Jarvis === {{Main articles|Murder of Sherri Jarvis}} thumb|179x179px|Reconstruction by Koppelman of Sherri Jarvis On 1 November 1980, a passing truck driver on Interstate 45 in Huntsville discovered the nude body of a young teenaged girl beside the road in Walker County, Texas.<ref name=":10" /> The girl had been sexually assaulted before being strangled.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Whitney |title=Walker County detectives say they won't give up on 37-year-old murder mystery |url=https://www.kbtx.com/content/news/Walker-County-detectives-say-they-wont-give-up-on-37-year-old-murder-mystery-475792953.html |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=www.kbtx.com |date=5 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Witnesses report having last seen the girl hitchhiking at the nearby Hitchin' Post truck stop, and she had told a waitress there that she was from Rockport or Aransas Pass, Texas.<ref name=":10" /> Koppelman worked on the Walker County Jane Doe case for 12 years, having first learned about the case in 2009,<ref name=":10" /> but it was not until after the positive identification of Tammy Jo Alexander that Koppelman became heavily focused on Walker County Jane Doe. Koppelman says that after the identification of Tammy Alexander, his focus on Walker County Jane Doe became singleminded.<ref name=":2" /> In addition to making multiple reconstructions of Walker County Jane Doe, Koppelman spent a significant amount of hours combing forensic files and police reports on the case,<ref name=":10" /> as well as searching old yearbooks from high schools in Texas.<ref name=":3" /> Koppelman also started and maintained a Facebook page dedicated to the case, called "Who Was Walker County Jane Doe".<ref name=":10" /> Koppelman stated that the case captivated him because "It's a teenage girl who appears to have been from a middle-class background. You'd think the parents would come claim the body or report her missing. But that never happened. That in and of itself was a big mystery."<ref name=":10" /> Koppelman has reported that the Walker County Jane Doe case is the one he spent the most time on.<ref name=":3" /> In 2017, Koppelman even traveled to Huntsville to retrace her last steps.<ref name=":10" /> In 2021, Walker County Jane Doe was positively identified as Sherri Ann Jarvis, 14, of Stillwater, Minnesota.<ref name=":10" />
=== Aundria Bowman === {{Main articles|Murder of Aundria Bowman}} thumb|170x170px|Age progression by Koppelman of Aundria Bowman|left On 11 March 1989, 14-year-old Aundria Bowman, born Alexis Miranda Badger, disappeared from her adoptive family's home in Holland, Michigan,<ref name=":5" /> after accusing her adoptive father Dennis Bowman of molesting her.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=John |date=2021-09-05 |title=Man Sentenced in 1989 Killing of His Teen Daughter |url=https://www.newser.com/story/310592/her-mom-gave-her-up-for-adoption-helped-find-her-killer.html |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Newser}}</ref> She was reported as missing by Dennis Bowman, who claimed she had run away.<ref name=":5" /> In 2009, Koppelman became aware of the case of Racine County Jane Doe, later identified as Peggy Lynn Johnson.<ref name=":5" /> Koppelman began to research the case, including looking through news articles and dedicated social media pages, as well as missing persons database.<ref name=":5" /> While looking through missing person listings on NamUs, Koppelman identified Aundria Bowman as a strong candidate for being Racine County Jane Doe.<ref name=":5" /> The theory was that Aundria had run away and been murdered years later, in 1999.<ref name=":5" /> Koppelman began to investigate Aundria's disappearance online, eventually coming across a Classmates.com page for Aundria that was still actively being maintained.<ref name=":5" /> Koppelman reached out to the owner of the page, who revealed herself to be Aundria's biological mother, Cathy Terkanian.<ref name=":5" /> Terkanian first heard of her daughter's disappearance in 2010, when she was asked to provide a DNA sample to compare to the Racine County Jane Doe (later identified as Peggy Johnson).<ref name=":11" /> Koppelman and Terkanian exchanged lengthy correspondence, forming a friendship as they investigated Aundria's disappearance,<ref name=":6" /> even after DNA from Terkanian ruled out Aundria as Racine County Jane Doe.<ref name=":5" /> Dennis Bowman, Aundria's adoptive father, emerged as the most viable suspect in her disappearance.<ref name=":11" /> Dennis Bowman had a preexisting criminal history, including sexual assault, at the time of Aundria's disappearance.<ref name=":5" /> Koppelman and Terkanian made four trips to Michigan to interview friends of Aundria and pressure law enforcement into investigating.<ref name=":6" /> When Dennis Bowman came into the police station to report Terkanian for harassment, police collected his DNA, and linked it to a murder committed in 1980.<ref name=":11" /> When Dennis Bowman was convicted of the murder of Kathleen Doyle, he confessed to the murder of his adoptive daughter.<ref name=":5" /> Aundria's body was recovered in February 2020 from beneath a concrete slab in Dennis Bowman's backyard.<ref name=":5" /> In 2021, Dennis Bowman was convicted of Aundria's murder.<ref name=":5" />
=== "Strongsville Jane Doe" Linda Pagano === {{Main articles|Murder of Linda Pagano}} thumb|171x171px|Reconstruction by Koppelman of Linda Pagano In September 1974, 17-year-old Linda Pagano was kicked out of her stepfather's house in Akron, Ohio following an argument. Pagano was never seen alive again.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-12 |title=Linda Pagano: Remains Found in 1975 Identified as Missing Ohio Girl After Clerical Error Is Corrected |url=https://www.insideedition.com/linda-pagano-remains-found-1975-identified-missing-ohio-girl-after-clerical-error-corrected-44948 |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Inside Edition |language=en-US}}</ref> In February 1975 a partial skeleton was discovered on a river bank in a park in Strongsville, Ohio.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-19 |title=College student helped solve this 40YO cold case |url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/oh-cuyahoga/christina-scates-linda-pagano-investigation-missing-persons |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=News 5 Cleveland WEWS |language=en}}</ref> The skeleton was determined to be a young white female who had been killed by a gunshot to the head.<ref name=":12" /> When the skeleton continued to remain unidentified, she was buried in an anonymous grave.<ref name=":12" /> In 2014, Christina Scates, a local college student, was doing genealogy research in cemetery records when she rediscovered the unidentified burial.<ref name=":13" /> Scates posted her find on Reddit, expressing shock that there seemed to be little investigation done into the girl's identity.<ref name=":13" /> In 2015, her posting attracted the attention of Carl Koppelman.<ref name=":13" /> Koppelman posted a reconstruction of Strongsville Jane Doe's skull, but it did not lead to an identification.<ref name=":12" /> Shortly after seeing Scates' post, Koppelman was contacted by the Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office to work on an unrelated case.<ref name=":12" /> Koppelman asked for higher quality photos of the unidentified skeleton, and it was realized that a clerical error had prevented the case from being listed in NamUs.<ref name=":13" /> Within a year of Koppelman inquiring about the case, Akron law enforcement reached out to Cuyahoga County with the theory that Strongsville Jane Doe could be Linda Pagano.<ref name=":13" /> On 12 July 2018, Strongsville Jane Doe was publicly identified as Linda Pagano.<ref name=":13" />
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == * {{facebook|carl.koppelman}} * Who Was Walker County Jane Doe on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/WhoWasWalkerCountyJaneDoe * Carl Koppelman on Websleuths https://www.websleuths.com/forums/members/carlk90245.49654/
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Koppelman, Carl}} Category:1962 births Category:American accountants Category:Forensic artists Category:Living people Category:People from El Segundo, California Category:21st-century American male artists Category:Artists from California