{{Short description|Field Marshal of Sweden (1613–1676)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = [[Fältmarskalk]] <br /> [[Count]] | name = Carl Gustaf Wrangel | birth_date = 23 December 1613 | death_date = 5 July 1676 (aged 62) | birth_place = [[Uppsala]], Sweden | death_place = [[Glowe|Spyker]] on [[Rügen]], [[Swedish Pomerania]] | burial_place = [[Skokloster]], Sweden | image = Porträtt av greve Carl Gustaf Wrangel (1613-1676), riksmarsk och generalfältherre - Skoklosters slott - 97392.tif | caption = Portrait by [[Matthäus Merian the Younger]] (1662) | signature = Signatur Carl Gustaf Wrangel.PNG | nickname = | allegiance = Sweden | service_years = | rank = [[Field Marshal]], [[Lord High Admiral of Sweden|Lord High Admiral]], [[Lord High Constable of Sweden|Lord High Constable]] | commands = Commander-in-chief of the Swedish army in Germany | unit = | battles = {{Tree list}} * [[Thirty Years' War]] ** [[Bavarian campaign (1646–1647)]] *** [[Bavarian campaign (1646–1647)#Attack on Bregenz|Attack on Bregenz]] *** [[Bavarian campaign (1646–1647)#Attack on Bregenz|Capture of Mainau]] *** [[Bavarian campaign (1646–1647)#Attack on Bregenz|Siege of Lindau]] ** [[Torstenson War]] *** [[Battle of Fehmarn (1644)]] *** [[Conquest of Bornholm (1645)]] **** [[Siege of Hammershus]] * [[Swedish wars on Bremen#Second war (1666)|Swedish–Bremian War (1666)]] * [[Second Northern War]] ** [[Battle of Warsaw (1656)]] ** [[Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658)]] *** [[Assault on Bützfleth redoubt]] *** [[Assault on Lehe sconce]] *** [[March Across the Belts]] *** [[Siege of Fredriksodde]] ** [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)]] *** [[Siege of Kronborg]] *** [[Swedish conquest of Langeland (1659)]] *** [[Siege of Nakskov (1659)]] *** [[Montecuccoli's landing on Funen]] *** [[Siege of Stettin (1659)]] * [[Scanian War]] {{Tree list/end}} | awards = | other_work = [[Count]] of [[Salmi (rural locality)|Salmi]]s, later [[Sölvesborg]]<br/>[[Freiherr]] of Lindeberg and Ludenhof<br/>[[Swedish Governors-General|Governor-General]] of [[Swedish Pomerania]]<br/>Chancellor of the [[University of Greifswald]]<br/>Supreme Judge in the [[Uppland]] }} [[File:Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres MG 0484.tif|thumb|Engraving of Carl Gustaf Wrangel]] ''[[Fältmarskalk]]'' '''Carl Gustaf Wrangel''' (also '''Carl Gustav von Wrangel'''; 23 December 1613 – 5 July 1676){{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=838}} was a Swedish statesman and [[military commander]] who commanded the Swedish forces in the [[Thirty Years' War]], as well as the [[Torstenson War|Torstenson]], [[War for Bremen|Bremen]], [[Second Northern War|Second Northern]] and [[Scanian War|Scanian]] Wars.
A [[Baltic German]], he held the ranks of a [[field marshal|Field Marshal]], Commander-in-Chief of the Swedish forces in Germany (1646–1648), and [[Lord High Admiral of Sweden]] (from 1657). Wrangel was [[Swedish Governors-General|Governor-General]] of [[Swedish Pomerania]] (1648–1652 and 1656–1676) and, from 1664, [[Lord High Constable of Sweden]] and a member of the [[Privy Council of Sweden|Privy Council]]. He held the title of a [[Count]] of [[Salmi (rural locality)|Salmi]]s until 1665, when he became Count of [[Sölvesborg]]. By 1673, Wrangel's title was "Count of Sölvesborg, [[Freiherr]] of [[Varberg Municipality|Lindeberg]] and [[Luua|Ludenhof]], Lord of [[Skokloster]], [[Bremervörde]], [[Wrangelsburg]], Spyker, [[Räpina|Rappin]], [[Ekebyhov]], [[Gripenberg]] and [[Vimmerby|Rostorp]]".<ref name=Asmus195>Asmus (2003), p.195</ref><ref group=nb name=habenhusen>In 1666, he was still addressed Count of Salmis in the Treaty of Habenhausen: "Carl Gustav Wrangel / dero Königl. Maytt. und Reiche Schweden Rath / ReichsMarsch / wie auch General-Stadthalter in Pommern / und OberLandtRichter in Uplandt / Graff zu Salmis / FreyHerr zu Lindenberg und Lüdenhoff / Her: zu SchogKloster / BremerVöhrde / Wrangelsburg / Spieker / Eckebyhoff und Greiffenberg". {{cite web|url=http://www.eha.ee/plakatid/show_img.php?id=1104&file=1104_002.png |title=FriedensSchluss, Welcher Zwischen Dero Königl. Maytt. zu Schweden u. PLENIPOTENTIARIO, Und ReichsFeldtHerrn, (tit.) Herrn Carl Gustav Wrangels Hoch-Gräflicher Excellentz, Eines, und Herrn Burgermeisteren, Rath, und gemeiner Burgerschafft der Stadt BREMEN, Anderen Theils, gemachet ist im HauptQuartier zu Habenhausen, für Bremen, den 15. Novembris, Anno 1666 |publisher=Ajalooarhiiv. The Estonian Historical Archives. |pages=2 |language=et, de |access-date=15 December 2009 |location=Tartu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125133/http://www.eha.ee/plakatid/show_img.php?id=1104&file=1104_002.png |archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref>
From 1658, Wrangel was Supreme judge in [[Uppland]], and in 1660, he became Chancellor of the [[University of Greifswald]]. He held several estates, primarily in the [[Dominions of Sweden]], where he constructed representative mansions: [[Wrangelsburg]], in [[Pomerania]], still bears his name.
Wrangel is part of the [[Wrangel family]] and was a close friend of King [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]].
==Family== He was born near [[Uppsala]] to Baroness Margareta Grip av Vinäs and [[Herman Wrangel]] on 23 December 1613. By paternal descent, he was a member of the [[Wrangel family]] of [[Baltic German]] origin, branches of which settled in Sweden, Russia and Germany.
Wrangel married [[Anna Margareta von Haugwitz]] (died 20 March 1673),<ref name=Asmus196>Asmus (2003), p.196</ref> who bore him eleven children, six of whom died very young.<ref name=Asmus197>Asmus (2003), p.197</ref> These five children reached adulthood: *Carl Philipp Wrangel (died 13 April 1668 in London)<ref name=Asmus197/> *Margareta Juliana Wrangel (born 4 November 1642 during the [[Battle of Breitenfeld (1642)|siege of Leipzig]], married to Nils [[Brahe]] the Younger, nephew of [[Per Brahe the Younger]], on 21 December 1660)<ref name=Asmus197/> *Polidora Christiana Wrangel (born 6 November 1655 in Spyker, married to Leonard Johan Wirtenberg von Debern, son of [[Arvid Wittenberg]], in the summer of 1673)<ref name=Asmus197/> *Eleonora Sophia Wrangel (born 31 August 1651 in [[Wolgast]],<ref name=Asmus197/> married to Ernst Ludwig Freiherr von [[House of Putbus|Putbus]] on 7 April 1678)<ref name=Asmus201>Asmus (2003), p.201</ref> *Augusta Aurora Wrangel (born 15 January 1658 in just conquered [[Frederiksodde]],<ref name=Asmus197/> died unmarried and without issue on 27 January 1699)<ref name=Asmus221>Asmus (2003), p.221</ref>
==Under Queen Christina== At the age of 20, he distinguished himself as a cavalry captain in the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Three years later, he became colonel, and in 1638, he became major-general, still serving in Germany. In 1644, during the [[Torstenson War]], he commanded a fleet at sea that defeated the Danes at [[Fehmarn]] on 23 October.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=839}} In June 1645, he led the Swedish conquest of Bornholm, [[Siege of Hammershus|successfully besieging the fortress of Hammershus]] on the island.{{Sfn|Munthe|1910|pp=73–75}}
In 1646, he returned to Germany as a [[List of Swedish Field Marshals|Field Marshal]] and succeeded [[Lennart Torstenson]] as Commander-in-chief of the [[Swedish army]] in Germany.<ref name=AsmusTenhaef69>Asmus&Tenhaef (2006), p.69</ref> Under Wrangel and [[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne|Turenne]], the allied Swedish and French armies marched and fought in [[Bavaria]] and [[Württemberg]].{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=839}} After the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, he was made [[Swedish Governors-General|Governor-General]] of [[Swedish Pomerania]].<ref name=AsmusTenhaef70>Asmus&Tenhaef (2006), p.70</ref> Queen [[Christina of Sweden]] created him count of [[Salmi (rural locality)|Salmi]]s in [[Kexholms län]] ([[Salmi and Suistamo]] pogosta, [[Käkisalmi province]]) in northern [[Karelia]], Finland, and he later augmented his lands with [[Barony of Lindeberg]], in [[Halland]].
===Under King Charles X Gustav=== Before Christina's abdication, Wrangel was already a close friend and trusted advisor of her successor, King [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]].<ref name=AsmusTenhaef70/> Wrangel and Charles X Gustav had first met two weeks before the [[Battle of Leipzig (1642)]], and when Wrangel's oldest daughter was born during the siege, Charles X Gustav became her godparent.<ref name=AsmusTenhaef69/> Charles X Gustav created Wrangel [[freiherr]] of Ludenhof and [[Lord High Admiral of Sweden|Lord High Admiral]], a special favour since Charles X Gustav left most of Sweden's highest offices vacant.<ref name=AsmusTenhaef70/>
[[File:Porträtt. Anna Margareta von Haugwitz. Hulle - Skoklosters slott - 64932.tif|thumb|Wrangel's wife, Anna Margareta von Haugwitz. Skokloster Castle.]] [[File:Porträtt. Ryttarporträtt. Carl Gustaf Wrangel till häst. Klöcker Ehrenstrahl - Skoklosters slott - 73494.tif|thumb|Wrangel on horseback, 1652. Klöcker Ehrenstrahl. [[Skokloster Castle]].]]
When the [[Second Northern War]] broke out in 1655, Wrangel commanded a fleet, but in 1656, he was serving on land again and commanding, along with "Great Elector" [[Frederick William I of Brandenburg]] in the three-day [[Battle of Warsaw (1656)]]. In 1657, he [[Assault on Lehe sconce|successfully assaulted Lehe sconce]] and [[Assault on Bützfleth redoubt|Bützfleth redoubt]]{{Sfn|von Essen|2023|p=154|pp=153–154}} and later invaded [[Jutland]], and in 1658, he passed over the ice into the islands and took [[Kronborg]].{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=839}} In 1659, Wrangel [[Swedish conquest of Langeland (1659)|conquered Langeland]]. In May, he initially led a [[Siege of Nakskov (1659)|Swedish siege of Nakskov]], but was replaced by Gustaf Otto Stenbock to defend Funen.{{Sfn|Barkman|Lundkvist|Tersmeden|1966|pp=391–398}} It was on this island where he successfully defended from [[Montecuccoli's landing on Funen|a landing attempt]] on 26 June.{{Sfn|Bonnesen|1924|p=553}} During the [[Siege of Stettin (1659)|siege of Stettin in 1659]], he sent reinforcements to the Swedish garrison.{{Sfn|von Essen|2023|pp=380–381}}
When Charles X Gustav died at the end of the war, Wrangel participated in organising the obsequies and composed the melody to a lament.<ref name=AsmusTenhaef8384>Asmus&Tenhaef (2006), pp.83–84</ref> Also in 1660, Wrangel became chancellor of the [[University of Greifswald]]; he had been made supreme judge in [[Uppland]] Province two years earlier.<ref name=Asmus195/>
==Under King Charles XI== In 1664, he was appointed [[Lord High Constable of Sweden|Lord High Constable]] of the [[realm of Sweden|Realm]], and as such, he was a member of the [[Privy Council of Sweden|Privy Council]] during the minority of King [[Charles XI of Sweden]]. During the [[Wars for Bremen]], he tried to win the city of [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]] for the Swedish crown but was not successful. On 15 November 1666, he was forced to make peace and concluded the [[Treaty of Habenhausen]]. During the [[Scanian War]], Wrangel commanded ineffectively because of his broken health and was recalled after his stepbrother, Baron [[Waldemar von Wrangel]] (1641–1675), had been defeated at [[Battle of Fehrbellin|Fehrbellin]] during the [[Swedish invasion of Brandenburg]].{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=839}}
==Illness and death== The hardships and injuries that Wrangel suffered during his multiple campaigns, combined with unhealthy eating habits, led to Wrangel suffering from several acute and chronic illnesses for most of his life,<ref name=Asmus195/> most notably [[gout]] and [[gallstone]].<ref name=Asmus196/> He was treated at several health resorts, including [[Spa, Belgium|Spa]] in August 1651, [[Langenschwalbach]] in July 1662 and [[Bad Pyrmont|Pyrmont]] in the summer of 1668 but without ever completely recovering.<ref name=Asmus195/> In 1674, he broke down "like dead" from two strikes of [[hypervolemia]], and his chronic diseases made it nearly impossible for him to fulfill the tasks of commanding the Swedish forces in the Scanian War.<ref name=Asmus196/>
Shortly afterwards, on 25 June [[Old Style and New Style dates|(OS)]] or 5 July [[Old Style and New Style dates|(NS)]] 1676, Wrangel died in his [[Spyker Castle]] on [[Rügen]], [[Swedish Pomerania]] (also spelled Spycker, now part of [[Glowe]] Municipality). His body was transferred to [[Stralsund]] and remained there throughout the [[Battle of Stralsund (1678)|siege of 1678]]. After the battle, Stralsund fell into Danish and Brandenburgian hands, but the Danish king and the Brandenburgian elector, upon requests of Wrangel's heirs, permitted the body to be transferred to Stockholm, which happened in July 1680.<ref name=Asmus201/> On 1 December 1680, he was buried in the [[Wrangel family]]'s crypt in [[Skokloster]].<ref name=Asmus202>Asmus (2003), p.202</ref>
==Landowner and builder== In [[Swedish Pomerania]], Wrangel advanced to become the greatest landowner<ref name=Wartenberg213>Wartenberg (2008), p.213</ref> and held the domains of [[Glowe|Spyker]] ([[Rügen]]) with [[Baldereck]],<ref name=Asmus217>Asmus (2003), p.217</ref> [[Cape Arkona]],<ref name=Asmus201/> Klein Jasmund (now part of Dubnitz, [[Sassnitz]]), [[Koosdorf]], [[Polkvitz]], [[Ruschvitz]],<ref name=Asmus217/> Streu<ref name=Asmus201/> and [[Wostevitz]],<ref name=Asmus217/> the former property of the [[Roskilde (titular see)|Roskilde bishop]], centred on [[Ralswiek]] (Rügen),<ref name=Asmus209>Asmus (2003), p.209</ref> [[Wrangelsburg]] with [[Krebsow]], [[Spandowerhagen]] and [[Zarnitz]], [[Groß Ernsthof]],<ref name=Asmus217/> [[Hohendorf|Pritzier]] with [[Buddenhagen]], [[Giesekenhagen]], [[Hohendorf]], [[Zemitz|Hohensee]], [[Katzow]], [[Netzeband]]<ref name=Asmus203>Asmus (2003), p.203</ref> and [[Żarnów|Zarnow]], [[Nonnendorf]] with [[Latzow]], [[Lubmin]] and [[Brünzow|Vierow]],<ref name=Asmus204>Asmus (2003), p.204</ref> [[Mölschow]] ([[Usedom]]) with [[Bannemin]], [[Mahlzow]], [[Sauzin]], [[Zecherin]] and [[Ziemitz]],<ref name=Asmus209/> Brüssow<ref name=Asmus204/> and [[Krummin]] (Usedom),<ref name=Asmus210>Asmus (2003), p.210</ref> and also the islands [[Greifswalder Oie]] and [[Ruden (island)|Ruden]].<ref name=Asmus217/> Wrangel's [[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]] [[Saatzig]], in [[Farther Pomerania]], was exchanged for the already-mentioned Klein Jasmund, Polkvitz, Rushvitz and Wostevitz in 1653, when [[Treaty of Stettin (1653)|Farther Pomerania fell to Brandenburg]].<ref name=Asmus203/>
In [[Swedish Livonia]], Wrangel held the domains of [[Otepää|Ödenpäh]],<ref name=Asmus204/> [[Räpina|Rappin]] and [[Prangli (village)|Wrangelshof]],<ref name=Asmus209/> with Ödenpäh and Wrangelshof being exchanged for Pomeranian domains in 1653.<ref name=Asmus204/> Also in Livonia, he held [[Luua]] (then Ludenhof or Luhde castle in [[Valga County|Walk (Valga) county]]).<ref name=Asmus2069>Asmus (2003), pp.206–209</ref> In [[Scania]] he held [[Kristianstad Municipality|Lillö]]. Near Stockholm, he held [[Ekebyhov]],<ref name=Asmus209/> and in [[Karelia]], he held [[Salmi (rural locality)|Salmi]]s county, which he exchanged for [[Sölvesborg]] County in [[Blekinge]] in 1665.<ref name=Asmus205>Asmus (2003), p.205</ref> In Finland, he held property in [[Bjärnå]] as well as in [[Skokloster]] in [[Uppland]], and [[Vimmerby|Rostorp]] and [[Tranås Municipality|Säby]] in [[Småland]]. In [[Halland]], Wrangel held the county of [[Varberg Municipality|Lindeberg]].<ref name=Asmus206>Asmus (2003), p.206</ref> In [[Bremen-Verden]], he held Amt [[Bremervörde]].<ref name=Asmus200>Asmus (2003), p.200</ref>
Wrangel built [[Gripenberg]] Palace in Säby,<ref name=Asmus200/> and palaces in Bremervörde, [[Skokloster]], Spyker, [[Stralsund]], Wrangelsburg.<ref name=Asmus198>Asmus (2003), p.198</ref> Wrangelsburg bears his name since it was renamed by him from "Vorwerk" on 19 September 1653.<ref name=Asmus204/> His favourite and grandest castle was [[Skokloster Castle]], in Uppland, in which he created substantial collections of art and expensive weapons and exotic items.<gallery> File:Wrangelsburg Herrenhaus Suedwest.jpg|Wrangelsburg Palace File:Schloss Spyker.jpg|[[Spyker Castle]] File:Gripenberg Schloss.jpg|Gripenberg Castle File:Skokloster castle (by Pudelek) 3.JPG|Skokloster Castle </gallery>
==Notes== <references group=nb />
==References== {{reflist|2}}
==Sources== *{{cite book|title=Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit|editor1-first=Ivo|editor1-last=Asmus|editor2-first=Heiko|editor2-last=Droste|editor3-first=Jens E.|editor3-last=Olesen|first=Ivo|last=Asmus|chapter=Das Testament des Grafen. Die pommerschen Besitzungen Carl Gustav Wrangels nach Tod, förmyndarräfst und Reduktion|publisher=LIT Verlag|location=Berlin-Hamburg-Münster|year=2003|isbn=3-8258-7150-9|language=German}} *{{cite book|last1=Asmus|first1=Ivo|last2=Tenhaef|first2=Peter|title=Ostsee-Barock. Texte und Kultur|editor=Walter Baumgartner|publisher=LIT Verlag|location=Berlin|year=2006|series=Nordische Geschichte|volume=4|pages=59–84|chapter=Die Trauerfeier an der Universität Greifswald am 11. Mai 1660 für Karl X. Gustav von Schweden. Historische und rhetorische Aspekte|isbn=3-8258-9987-X|language=German}} *{{cite book|last=Wartenberg|first=Heiko|title=Archivführer zur Geschichte Pommerns bis 1945|publisher=Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag|year=2008|series=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa|volume=33|isbn=978-3-486-58540-7}} *{{EB1911|wstitle=Wrangel, Karl Gustav von|volume=28|pages=838–839}} *{{Cite book |last=Bonnesen |first=Sten |author-link=:sv:Sten Bonnesen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxooAQAAMAAJ |title=Karl X Gustav |publisher=Gleerups |year=1924 |language=sv |trans-title=Charles X Gustav}} *{{Cite book |last1=Barkman |first1=Bertil C:son |title=Kungl. Svea livgardes historia: 1632(1611)-1660 |last2=Lundkvist |first2=Sven |last3=Tersmeden |first3=Lars |publisher=Stift. för Svea livgardes historia |year=1966 |volume=3:2 |location=Stockholm |language=sv |trans-title=History of the Royal Swedish Life Guards: 1632(1611)-1660}} *{{Cite book |last=von Essen |first=Michael Fredholm |title=The Danish Wars, 1657-1660 |publisher=Helion & Company |year=2023 |isbn=9781915113603 |series=Charles X's Wars |volume=3 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last=Munthe |first=Arnold |url=https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/view.jsf?dswid=3625&searchType=EXTENDED&query=arnold+munthe&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22A_FQ%22%3A%22arnold+munthe%22%7D%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&af=%5B%5D&pid=alvin-record%3A676470&c=3#alvin-record%3A676470 |title=Klas Fleming, Karl Gustaf Wrangel, Martin Thijsen Anckarhielm, danska kriget 1643—1645: Omfattande tiden från början af år 1645 till och med fredsslutet den 13 augusti |date=1910 |publisher=P. A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag |series=Svenska sjöhjältar |volume=5:3 |location=Stockholm |language=sv |oclc=479751867}}
==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wrangel, Carl Gustaf}} [[Category:1613 births]] [[Category:1676 deaths]] [[Category:Military personnel from Uppsala]] [[Category:Field marshals of Sweden]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Sweden]] [[Category:17th-century Swedish nobility]] [[Category:Swedish people of Baltic German descent]] [[Category:Swedish Pomerania]] [[Category:17th-century Swedish military personnel]] [[Category:17th-century Swedish politicians]] [[Category:Wrangel family|Carl Gustaf]] [[Category:Swedish military personnel of the Thirty Years' War]]