Carl Day

{{Short description|American politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Carl Day | state_house = Kentucky | district = 92nd | image = Carl Day (1898).jpeg | birth_date = April 1875 | death_date = {{death date|1904|4|12}} | death_place = Lexington, Kentucky | resting_place = Day Cemetery<br> Jackson, Kentucky | term_start = January 1, 1904 | term_end = April 12, 1904 | preceded = John P. Adams | succeeded = John C. Griffith | birth_place = Frozen Creek, Kentucky | relations = Walter R. Day (brother) | education = Central University | party = Democratic }} '''Carl Day''' (April 1875<ref name="Klotter">[https://books.google.com/books?id=o58mJavC4msC&pg=PA152 ''Kentucky: Portrait in Paradox, 1900-1950''], by James C. Klotter; p. 152; published January 1, 1996, by University Press of Kentucky</ref> – April 12, 1904)<ref name="DayObit">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24768400/carl-day-obit/ DEATH COMES to hon. Carl Day, of Breathitt County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401200557/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24768400/carl-day-obit/ |date=2022-04-01 }}, originally published April 15, 1904, in ''The Twice-A-Week Messenger'' of Owensboro, Kentucky; via newspapers.com</ref> was an American politician who represented Breathitt, Lee, and Magoffin Counties<ref name="Hansard">[https://books.google.com/books?id=VZYwAQAAMAAJ ''Journal of the Special Session of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky''], January 12, 1905; p. 19</ref> in the Kentucky House of Representatives for three months in 1904<ref name="HouseList">[https://legislature.ky.gov/LRC/Publications/Informational%20Bulletins/ib175a.pdf Kentucky General Assembly Membership, 1900-2005 - Vol. I 1900 - 1949, Informational Bulletin No. 175 (4th revised edition)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616195653/https://legislature.ky.gov/LRC/Publications/Informational%20Bulletins/ib175a.pdf |date=2021-06-16 }}, by the Legislative Research Commission; published April 2005; p. 125, "1904 General Assembly Membership": Day is listed with an "(n)", indicating that he was newly-elected, and the 1904 legislative session began in January 1904</ref> before dying in office. He is known for introducing the Day Law, which mandated racial segregation in privately owned educational institutions.

==Early life and education== Prior to running for office, Day grew up in Frozen Creek, Kentucky located in Breathitt County.<ref name="LexHer">[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/101134964/carl-day REPRESENTATIVE CARL DAY DIES OF PNEUMONIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401200557/https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/101134964/carl-day |date=2022-04-01 }}, in the ''Lexington Herald''; published April 13, 1904; archived at FindAGrave</ref> Day's father was Judge Nathan B. Day. In 1900, his brother Walter R. Day served as Kentucky State Treasurer under Governor William S. Taylor.<ref name="LexHer" /><ref name="Knotts">[https://sites.rootsweb.com/~kykchgs/Knott/Chronological_History/A_Century_Ago/1904-02-23a.pdf A Reconstructed Eastern Kentucky Newspaper: A Century Ago This Week by Knott County Historical Society], by David R. Smith; published 2004; archived at Rootsweb</ref><ref name="Clarksweb">[https://www.clarkbooks.org/localhistory/obituaries/d Receiver Appointed for N. B. Day & Co.—Assets Nearly Double Liabilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119222352/https://www.clarkbooks.org/localhistory/obituaries/d |date=2022-01-19 }}, in the Winchester, Kentucky ''Sun-Sentinel'', published September 1, 1904; archived at the Clark County Public Library</ref>

In 1895, Day began attending Central University. He was a member of Sigma Nu as well as various other student organizations, and was compared to Demosthenes in his freshman yearbook for his apparent oratorical abilities.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/creamcrimson1896cent/page/50/mode/2up |title=The Cream and Crimson |date=1896 |publisher=Central University |location=Richmond, Kentucky}}</ref>

By 1901, Day was serving as Frozen Creek's postmaster.<ref name="Register">[https://books.google.com/books?id=nA4aAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22carl+day%22+breathitt&pg=PA132 ''Official Register of the United States'', Volume 2], published 1901, by the United States Civil Service Commission, p. 132</ref>

== Political career ==

=== Day Law === Day claimed to have been motivated by a November 1903 trip to Berea, Kentucky<ref name=Ellis>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vYO7tNEwuIQC&pg=PA152 ''A History of Education in Kentucky''], by William Ellis; published June 1, 2011, by University of Kentucky Press</ref> — home of Berea College, which was Kentucky's only racially integrated educational institution<ref name=BSB>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vaEOkJM5C-8C&pg=PA125 Louisville's Historic Black Neighborhoods]'', by Beatrice S. Brown, p. 125; published 2012 by Arcadia Press</ref> — where he witnessed an interracial embrace between two female students.<ref name=Menderski>[https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/history/2020/02/05/berea-college-has-long-civil-rights-history-kentucky/4491498002/ This Kentucky college did the unthinkable by pushing integration during slavery], by Maggie Menderski, in the ''Louisville Courier Journal''; published February 5, 2020; retrieved April 1, 2022</ref><ref name=NPR>[https://www.npr.org/2021/08/16/1028076069/the-state-must-provide-is-a-lesson-on-inequality-in-higher-ed-past-and-present 'The State Must Provide' Is A Lesson On Inequality In Higher Ed, Past And Present] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401200556/https://www.npr.org/2021/08/16/1028076069/the-state-must-provide-is-a-lesson-on-inequality-in-higher-ed-past-and-present |date=2022-04-01 }}, on ''Fresh Air''; at National Public Radio; published August 16, 2021; retrieved April 1, 2022</ref><ref name=Atlantic>[https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/10/how-berea-college-makes-tuition-free-with-its-endowment/572644/ The Little College Where Tuition Is Free and Every Student Is Given a Job] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401200556/https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/10/how-berea-college-makes-tuition-free-with-its-endowment/572644/ |date=2022-04-01 }}, by Adam Harris, in ''The Atlantic''; published October 11, 2018; retrieved April 1, 2022</ref>

Historian T. R. C. Hutton has noted that, although "various commentators [have] blamed" the Day law on "Carl Day's egregious personal racism or his personal vendetta towards Berea College," it may also — or instead — have been a ploy meant to increase the influence of Day's extended family in Breathitt County: "more a cynical political maneuver than a sincere attack on integration." Hutton has also pointed out that Day's only other bill was one which allowed timberland owners to deny right of way to adjoining lands, thereby making it impossible for smaller landowners to reach markets or bodies of water — a "final nail in the coffin for the (...) free-ranging mountain economy".<ref name=Hutton>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aX7wAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Carl+day%22+%22trc+hutton%22&pg=PA189 ''Bloody Breathitt: Politics and Violence in the Appalachian South''], by T.R.C. Hutton; p. 189; published July 2013, by University of Kentucky Press</ref>

== Death == In March 1904, Day began experiencing symptoms of "inflammatory rheumatism" and was hospitalized. He died of pneumonia on April 12, 1904. His funeral was conducted by the Elks Lodge and Knights of Pythias, after which he was interred in his family's cemetery in Breathitt County.<ref name="DayObit" />

==References== {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Day, Carl}} Category:Democratic Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives Category:1875 births Category:1904 deaths Category:Eastern Kentucky University alumni Category:American segregationist activists Category:People from Breathitt County, Kentucky Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Kentucky Category:20th-century members of the Kentucky General Assembly