Jago Temple

{{Short description|13th century Hindu temple in Indonesia}} {{stack begin}} [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Tempel Jago Malang Oost-Java TMnr 10016221.jpg|thumb|300px|Candi Jago]] [[File:Candi Jago, East Java (Malang, Indonesia), Goddess Mamaki.jpg|thumb|Statue of the Goddess Mamaki from Candi Jago, one of a set of five figures dating to 13th-14th Century AD, [[British Museum]].<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=251489&partId=1&place=41240&plaA=41240-3-2&page=1 British Museum Collection]</ref>]] {{stack end}} '''Jago temple''' ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: '''''Candi Jago''''') is a 13th-century [[Hindu]]-[[Buddhists|Buddhist]] [[Candi of Indonesia|temple]] from the [[Singhasari]] kingdom in [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]], located about {{convert|22|km|mi}} from [[Malang]]. The [[Nagarakretagama]], written in 14th century, describes this temple as ''Jajaghu'' (English: "majestic"), and mentions it as one of the temples visited by King [[Hayam Wuruk]] during his royal tour across East Java.<ref name="indianized" /> The name of [[Adityawarman]] appears in 1343 on an image of the [[Bodhisattva]] [[Manjusri]].<ref name="indianized" />{{rp|232}} It is one of several related temples in the region.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wahyudi |first=Deny |last2=Munandar |first2=Agus |last3=Setyani |first3=Turita |date=2021-07-31 |title=THE ŚHIVA-BUDDHIST CONCEPT IN THE TEMPLE OF SINGHASARI-MAJAPAHIT PERIODS |url=https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/irhs/vol6/iss2/19 |journal=International Review of Humanities Studies |volume=6 |issue=2 |issn=2477-6866}}</ref> After his death in 1268, the [[Singhasari]] King Vishnuvardhana was deified here as [[Shiva]], in the form of [[Bodhisattva]] [[Avalokitesvara]]. The temple's [[bas-relief]]s depict scenes from the ''Kunjarakarna'', ''Parthayajna'', ''Arjunavivaha'', and ''Krishnayana''.<ref name=indianized>{{Cite book | last = Cœdès | first = George | authorlink = Georges Coedès | title = The Indianized states of Southeast Asia | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | year = 1968 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC | isbn =9780824803681 }}</ref>{{rp|188}} They are read counterclockwise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wahyudi |first=Deny Yudo |last2=Jati |first2=Slamet Sujud Purnawan |last3=Ikhrom |first3=Anisa Musyaroful |last4=Ananda |first4=Labuda Shofiya |date=2025-12-23 |title=Historical and Cultural Perspectives: Comparative Analysis of Jago Temple Aridharma Relief Storyline with Aridharma Manuscript |url=https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ichss-25/126019471 |language=en |publisher=Atlantis Press |pages=87–100 |doi=10.2991/978-2-38476-513-3_9 |isbn=978-2-38476-513-3|journal=Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research|volume=984|doi-access=free }}</ref> For educational purposes, the temple's stories have been integrated into children's literature and [[Augmented reality|Augmented Reality]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Fauzi |first=Nanang Bustanul |date=2019 |title=The Adaptation of Jago Temple Bas-Relief into Children’s Literature |url=https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icla-18/55914468 |journal=Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research |language=en |publisher=Atlantis Press |volume=301 |pages=36–42 |doi=10.2991/icla-18.2019.7 |isbn=978-94-6252-683-9|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Utami |first=Indah Wahyu Puji |last2=Lutfi |first2=Ismail |last3=Jati |first3=Slamet Sujud Purnawan |last4=Efendi |first4=Muhammad Yusuf |date=2019-08-29 |title=Effectivity of Augmented Reality as Media for History Learning |url=https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jet/article/view/10663 |journal=International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) |language=en |volume=14 |issue=16 |pages=83–96 |doi=10.3991/ijet.v14i16.10663 |issn=1863-0383|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== History/Architecture ==

=== History === "Jajaghu" is the original name of the temple.<ref name=":3" /> It was (like other temples) built to honor a deceased king (King Vishnuvardhana) of the Singhasari period.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Munandar |first=Agus |date=2019-07-31 |title=ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS AS EXPRESSIVE DESIRE OF HINDU-BUDDHA RELIGIONS IN JAVA IN 8th–15th CENTURIES |url=https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/irhs/vol4/iss2/11 |journal=International Review of Humanities Studies |volume=4 |issue=2 |issn=2477-6866}}</ref> The last of the Singhasari kings was his son, [[Kertanagara]] (honored in Jawi).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

=== Architecture === The counterclockwise method is referred to as "prasawya".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kieven |first=Lydia |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004258655/B9789004258655-s007.xml |title=Following the Cap-Figure in Majapahit Temple Reliefs: A New Look at the Religious Function of East Javanese Temples, Fourteenth and Fifteenth |publisher=Brill |year=2013 |isbn=9789004258655 |pages=143 - 159 |chapter=Candi Jago: The cap, a new fashion of headgear}}</ref> There are reliefs on each floor of the temple.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> It possesses more reliefs than Kidal and Singhasari.<ref name=":2" />

== The Bas-Reliefs ==

=== Angling Dharma === These reliefs are visual depictions of the stories of King Angling Dharma, who was capable of talking to animals.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wardaya |first=Marina |last2=Mudra |first2=I. Wayan |last3=Udayana |first3=A. A. Gde Bagus |last4=Suardina |first4=I. Nyoman |date=2024-06-03 |title=Visual Language of Angling Dharma Relief at Jago Temple |url=https://journal.uc.ac.id/index.php/VCD/article/view/4717 |journal=VCD: Journal of Visual Communication Design |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |doi=10.37715/vcd.v9i1.4717 |issn=2548-5350|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Legacy == "Tantri" are stories that use animals to teach moral lessons.<ref name=":4" /> Students' smartphones have been utilized in translating the stories into AR.<ref name=":2" />

==See also== {{Portal|Indonesia}} * [[Candi of Indonesia]] * [[Hinduism in Java]] * [[Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism]] * [[Jawi Temple]] * [[Singhasari temple]] * [[Kidal Temple]]

==References== {{reflist}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Indonesia]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in East Java]] [[Category:Singhasari]] [[Category:13th-century Hindu temples]] [[Category:Cultural Properties of Indonesia in East Java]]