Ilchamus people

{{Short description|Ethnic group in Kenya}} {{cleanup rewrite|2=section|date=February 2021}} {{unreferenced section|date=February 2021}} The '''Ilchamus''' (sometimes spelled Iltiamus, also known as Njemps), are a [[Maa languages|Maa-speaking]] people living south and southeast of [[Lake Baringo]], [[Kenya]]. They numbered approximately 32,949 people in 2019<ref name="Census2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics |access-date=24 March 2020 |df=dmy |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> and are closely related to the [[Samburu people|Samburu]] living more to the north-east in the [[Rift Valley Province]]. They are one of the smallest ethnic groups in Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya: Minorities |url=https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-147-Kenya-Minorities-Indigenous-Peoples-and-Ethnic-Diversity.pdf |last=Makoloo |first=Maurice Odhiambo |access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref>

In their oral traditions, the Ilchamus economy underwent a succession of elaborations: from foraging and fishing to a sophisticated system of irrigation, and then this was mixed with pastoralism under the influence of Samburu immigrants and neighbouring Maasai. These changes involved a series of embellishments in their culture and social organization.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Pastoral Continuum: the Marginalization of Tradition in East Africa |last=Spencer |first=Paul |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1998 |location=Oxford |pages=129–203}}</ref> However, this evolving system did not survive the challenges of the capitalist economy in post-colonial Kenya, leading to a more polarized society with diminishing prospects for the majority of Ilchamus.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Elusive Granary: Herder, Farmer and State in Northern Kenya. |last=Little |first=Peter D. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1992 |location=Cambridge}}</ref>

{{citation needed span|date=February 2021|Ilchamus arrived in earlier than all other residents of Baringo South around the shores of mparingo. Which later scholars from Germany who first colonized one Ilchamus Lekeper manyatta registered the mparingo "Lake Baringo" due to pronunciation error. So Baringo county is from the Root word mparingo. On arrival ilchamus occupied areas around mparingo. "Lake Baringo". Cradle land is Laikipia which was the dispersal area after then mass movement of the maasai under Lenana the "Loibon" ...lhoiboni. Ilchamus is one of the sub-dialectical groups found among the maa speaking communities of Kenya and Tanzania in East Africa. Other dialectical groups are Ilpurko, Lkieek onyokie, Lkaputei, Lmatapalo, Lkisonko, Larusa of Tanzania, Sambur of maralal, Lmomonyot and Ldikirri of Laikipia. On arrival on the shores of mparingo "Lake Baringo", Ilchamus settled around doing fishing activity and anting only to spread out latter to their respective manyattas of melwat and wasu Nanyokie Ilchamus le keper. "Sokon" the only original true iIlchamus dialectical group is ILKEROI; these are few families which have attached themselves to the following hosts: Saaya, Sauroki, Chamakany, Mpakany, Naremo and Kikenyi. The rest of Ilkeroi fled to become Sabaot or Elgon Maasai around mt. Elgon through kapchomus near Osen highland of Baringo.}}

==Language== {{Infobox dialect |name=Camus |nativename=il-Chamus |states=[[Kenya]] |region=[[Lake Baringo]] |familycolor=Nilo-Saharan |fam2=[[Eastern Sudanic languages|Eastern Sudanic]] |fam3=[[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] |fam4=[[Eastern Nilotic languages|Eastern Nilotic]] |fam5=[[Teso–Turkana languages|Ateker]]-[[Otuho language|Lotuko]]-[[Maa languages|Maa]] |fam6=[[Otuho language|Lotuko]]–[[Maa languages|Maa]] |fam7=[[Maa languages|Maa]] |fam8=[[Samburu language|Samburu]] |glotto=cham1311 |glottorefname=Chamus }}

'''Camus''' or Chamus (autonym: il-Chamus) is classified under the [[Maa languages]] in the [[Eastern Nilotic languages|Eastern Nilotic language branch]]. It is closely related to the [[Samburu language]] (between 89% and 94% lexical similarity), to the point of being considered a Samburu dialect by some. Together, Samburu and il-Chamus form the northern division of the Maa languages.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Non-Bantu languages of Kenya. (Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya 2) |last=Heine |first=Bernd |publisher=Dietrich Reimer |year=1980 |location=Berlin}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Eastern Nilotes. Linguistic and historical reconstructions (Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 9) |last=Vossen |first=Rainer |publisher=Dietrich Reimer |year=1982 |location=Berlin}}</ref>

==See also== * [[Kamba people|Kamba]] * [[Meru people|Meru]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=saq Ethnologue report on Camus (as a Samburu dialect)]. * [http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/nilo-saharan/africa/saq/view?searchterm=saq Samburu and Camus on The Rosetta Project]{{dead link |date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}

[[Category:Languages of Kenya]] [[Category:Maa languages]] [[Category:Nilotic peoples]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Kenya]]