{{Short description|Species of plant}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}} {{Speciesbox | image = Campanula glomerata.JPG | genus = Campanula | species = glomerata | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] }} [[File:Bombus soroeensis - Campanula glomerata - Keila.jpg|thumbnail|Pollination]]

'''''Campanula glomerata''''', known by the common names '''clustered bellflower''' or '''Dane's blood''', is a species of flowering plant in the [[genus]] ''[[Campanula]]'', belonging to the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Campanulaceae]]. It is the [[County flowers of the United Kingdom|county flower]] of [[Rutland]], England.<ref>Plantlife website [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/county_flowers/ ''County Flowers page''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430170312/http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/county_flowers/ |date=30 April 2015 }}</ref>

==Etymology== The genus Latin name (''Campanula''), meaning small bell, refers to the bell-shape of the flower, while the specific name (''glomerata'') refers to the tight grouping of the flowers at the top of the stem.

==Description== [[File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Inflorescence of ''Campanula glomerata'']] ''Campanula glomerata'' is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant]] growing to a height of {{convert|20|-|60|cm}}, with a maximum of {{convert|90|cm}}. The stem is simple, erect and shortly pubescent, basal leaves are petiolated, oval-lanceolate and lightly heart-shaped ([[Cordate (leaf shape)|cordate]]), while cauline leaves are lanceolate, sessile and ''[[wikt:amplexicaul|amplexicaul]]''. The inflorescence is formed by 15-20 sessile, actinomorphic and [[hermaphrodite]] single flowers of about 2 to 3&nbsp;cm. They are in terminal racemes or in the axils of upper leaves, surrounded by an involucre of bracts. The corolla is campanulate and pubescent with five dark violet-blue or purplish-blue petals. Flowering period is from June to September.

==Distribution and habitat== The species is native to the North Temperate Zone of Eurasia, from Britain to Japan. In Europe it is present almost everywhere except the extreme north.<ref>{{cite book |title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants |year=2008 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-1405332965 |pages=1136}}</ref> In North America the plant is [[Naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]].

This plant can be found in forests or dry grasslands, in scrub and open woodland, in grassy but not too wet places, in the edges of woods and along the margins of roads and trails. It prefers calcareous soils, at an altitude up to {{convert|1500|m|0|abbr=on}} above sea level.

==Subspecies== According to WCSP,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ |title=WCSP |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |access-date=8 December 2012}}</ref> 15 [[subspecies]] are recognized: *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'' - Europe to NW. China *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''cervicarioides'' (Schult.) Arcang. (1882) - S. Europe *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''serotina'' (Wettst.) O.Schwarz (1949) - S. [[Alps]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'' (Rochel ex Besser) Kirschl. (1852) - [[Alps]] to E. Europe to Kazakhstan *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''elliptica'' (Kit. ex Schult.) Kirschl. (1851) - [[Carpathians]] to C. Italy and Serbia *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''subcapitata'' (Popov) Fed. (1973) - E. [[Carpathians]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''hispida'' (Witasek) Hayek (1930) - N. [[Balkan]] Pen. to Iran *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''caucasica'' (Trautv.) Ogan. (1995) - NE. Turkey to [[Caucasus]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''oblongifolia'' (K.Koch) Fed. (1972) - E. Turkey to NE. Iran *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''oblongifolioides'' (Galushko) Ogan. (1995) - [[Caucasus]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''symphytifolia'' (Albov) Ogan. (1995) - W. [[Transcaucasus]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''panjutinii'' (Kolak.) Victorov (2002) - W. [[Transcaucasus]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''krylovii'' Olonova (1999) - W. [[Siberia]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''daqingshanica'' D.Y.Hong & Y.Z.Zhao (1983) - [[Inner Mongolia]] *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'' (Hornem. ex Spreng.) Domin (1936) - S. [[Siberia]] to Japan ([[Kyushu]])

==Cultivation== The plant is widely cultivated in gardens, with flowers in a range of colours including white, pink, blue and purple. Numerous [[cultivars]] have been developed for garden use, including 'Joan Elliott' (with large violet flowers) and the white-flowered 'Schneekrone'. The vigorous cultivar 'Superba', growing to {{convert|60|cm|0|abbr=on}}, with rich blue flowers, has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web |title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Campanula glomerata'' 'Superba' |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/94502/Campanula-glomerata-Superba/Details |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> The pale purple cluster-flowered 'Caroline' has also won the award.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/110459/Campanula-glomerata-Caroline/Details |title=''Campanula glomerata'' 'Caroline' |publisher=RHS |access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref>

==Gallery== <gallery> File:Funchal Botanischer Garten - Campanula glomerata IMG 1758.JPG|[[Funchal]]: Botanical garden File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-1.JPG| File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-2.JPG| File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-3.JPG| File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-4.JPG|Cauline leaf with a flower in the axil File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-5.JPG|Basal leaf File: Campanula glomerata at Ludwika, Sweden.jpg| </gallery>

==Synonyms== *''Campanula aggregata'' Willd. ex Schlecht. (1813) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula cervicarioides'' Schultes in Roemer & Schultes (1819) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''cervicarioide'') *''Campanula congesta'' Schultes in Roemer & Schultes (1819) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula farinosa'' Andrz. in Besser (1821) ( synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'') *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''aggregata'' (Willd.) Kirschleger (1851) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''cephalotes'' (Fisch. ex Schrank) D.Y.Hong (1983) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'') *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''congesta'' (Roemer & Schultes) Schubler & Martens (1834) ( synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''aggregata'' (Willd.) Koch (1846) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''congesta'' (Roemer & Schultes) Rouy (1908) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''dahurica'' Fisch. ex Ker-Gawl. (1822) ( synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''farinosa'' (Andrz.) Koch (1846) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'') *''Campanula glaucophylla'' Schlosser & Vukot. (1875) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'') *''Campanula speciosa'' Hornem. (1815) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'')

== References == {{Reflist}} * Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982, Vol. II, pag. 682

==External links== {{Commons}} {{Wikispecies}} * [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id41203/ Biolib] * [http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index2.php?scientific-name=campanula+glomerata Campanula glomerata] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAGL2 USDA Profile] * [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant-details/kc/x110/campanula-glomerata-var.-alba.aspx Missouri Botanical Garden] * [http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=Campanula+glomerata Kew Plant List]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q158045}}

[[Category:Campanula|glomerata]] [[Category:Flora of France]] [[Category:Flora of China]] [[Category:Flora of Denmark]] [[Category:Flora of Estonia]] [[Category:Flora of Germany]] [[Category:Flora of Greece]] [[Category:Flora of Iran]] [[Category:Flora of Iraq]] [[Category:Flora of Italy]] [[Category:Flora of Japan]] [[Category:Flora of Korea]] [[Category:Flora of Latvia]] [[Category:Flora of Lithuania]] [[Category:Flora of Mongolia]] [[Category:Flora of Russia]] [[Category:Flora of Spain]] [[Category:Flora of Turkey]] [[Category:Flora of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Plants described in 1753]] [[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]