{{Short description|Species of lizard}} {{Refimprove|date=December 2022}} {{speciesbox | image = Calotes emma 3420729.jpg | image_caption = | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn|author=Wogan, G.|author2= Lwin, K.|author3= Cai, B.|author4= Yang, J.|author5= Das, A. |author6= Hasan, M.K. |name-list-style=amp |year= 2021 |title=''Calotes emma'' |article-number=e.T99928931A99928940 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T99928931A99928940.en |access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref> | genus = Calotes | species = emma | authority = Gray, 1845<ref>Gray JE (1845). ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum''. London: Trustees of the British Museum. (Edward Newman, printer). xxviii + 289 pp. (''Calotes emma'', new species, pp. 244–245).</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = *''Calotes emma alticristatus'' <br />{{small|Schmidt, 1925}} * ''Calotes emma emma'' <br />{{small|Gray, 1845}} }} '''''Calotes emma''''', commonly known as the '''forest garden lizard''' or '''Emma Gray's forest lizard''', is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to China, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. There are two recognized subspecies.
==Etymology== The specific name, ''emma'', is in honor of English conchologist Maria Emma Gray, the wife of John Edward Gray, the describer of this species.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Calotes emma'', p. 83).</ref>
==Description== thumb|510x510px ''C. emma'' has the following morphology.
Physical Structure: There are three small groups of spines, completely separate from each other, on each side of the head, one behind the superciliary margin and two above each tympanum. The dorsal crest is well developed on the neck and on the anterior part of the trunk, gradually disappearing behind. There is a transverse fold in front of each shoulder, and the gular sac is but little developed. The tail is laterally compressed. There are about 51 series of scales round the middle of the trunk.<ref name=Gnthr1864>Günther ACLG (1864). ''The Reptiles of British India.'' London: The Ray Society. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxvii + 452 pp. + Plates I–XXVI> (''Calotes emma'', p. 144).</ref>
Color pattern: The dorsum is brownish olive, with brown bands across the back, which are lighter in the middle and interrupted by a white band running along each side of the back. The eyelids have short, radiating brown streaks. There is a brown band from behind the eye to above the tympanum. The fold before the shoulder is black, with an irregular white margin. The legs and tail have indistinct dark crossbands.<ref name=Gnthr1864/>
The maximum total length (including tail) is {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} The usual total length is {{convert|28|cm|in|abbr=on}}, and the usual snout-to-vent length (SVL) a {{convert|7.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Gnthr1864/> <!-- Maximum published weight: ? g. -->
==Geographic range== ''C. emma'' is found in Bangladesh (Satchari National Park, Bandarban Hill District), Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Yunnan), India (Assam), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular), Myanmar, Thailand (including Phuket) & Vietnam (including Pulo Condore Islands) and Possibly in Bhutan.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
"An inhabitant of Mergui, whence we have received it from Professor Oldham, ranging northwards perhaps to the Khasya Hills; extremely doubtful as an inhabitant of Afghanistan. Mr. Blyth mentions it amongst a collection made by Captain Bedmore at Schwe Gyen on the Sitang River in Pegu".<ref name=Gnthr1864/>
==Vernacular names== Vernacular names for ''C. emma'' in various languages include the following.
*Bengali: কেশর গিরিগিটি, ঝুঁটি গিরিগিটি, ঝুঁটি রক্তচোষা, '''যুথিয়াল গিরিগিটি''' (''Juthial girigiti)'' *Burmese: ''Poat-Tin-Nyo'' *Chinese: 棕背树蜥 *English: crested forest lizard, '''Emma Gray's crested forest lizard''', Emma Gray's forest lizard, spiny-headed forest lizard.
==Behavior and habitat== ''C. emma'' is terrestrial, arboreal, and diurnal. It inhabits various forest habitats including dry deciduous, coastal, and moist evergreen.<ref name=iucn/>
==Diet== ''C. emma'' is insectivorous,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/hpg/007/index.pdf|title=Handbook of Indian Lizards|author=Tikader, B.K.|author-link=species:Benoy Krishna Tikader|author2=Sharma, R.C.|author2-link=species:Ramesh Chandra Sharma|website=Faunaofindia.nic.in|access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> preying upon termites, grasshoppers, ants, cockroaches, beetles, diverse species of moths and low flying butterflies, and soil-living insects and their larvae.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271795923|title=''Calotes emma'' Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Agamidae): Range extension and new addition to the reptilian fauna of Tripura, northeast India|date=February 2015|doi=10.15560/11.2.1562|author=Agarwala, Basant K.|author-link=species:Basant K. Agarwala|author2=Majumder, Joydeb|journal=Check List|volume=11 |issue=2 |page=1562 |access-date=26 January 2022|doi-access=free}}</ref>
==Reproduction== ''C. emma'' is oviparous.<ref name=NRDB/> The adult female lays 10-12 eggs in May–June. The incubation period is about 60–70 days.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
==Human uses== ''C. emma'' is used in the pet trade.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} It plays a role in the ecosystem by eating various types of insects and otherwise.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
==Threat to humans== ''C. emma'' is non-venomous and completely harmless to humans.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
==IUCN threat status== ''C. emma'' has been evaluated as "Least Concern" (LC) by the IUCN.<ref name=iucn/>
==Subspecies== Two subspecies of ''C. emma'' are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
*''Calotes emma alticristatus'' {{small|Schmidt, 1925}} <ref name=NRDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Calotes|species=emma|publisher=The Reptile Database|accessdate=9 December 2014}}</ref> *''Calotes emma emma'' {{small|Gray, 1845}}<ref name=NRDB/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051122061057/http://itgmv1.fzk.de/www/itg/uetz/herp/photos/Calotes_emma.jpg Photographic image at Web.archive.org]
==Further reading== *Boulenger GA (1885). ''Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume I. ... Agamidæ.'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 436 pp. + Plates I–XXXII. (''Calotes emma'', p. 324 + Plate XXV, figure 1). *Boulenger GA (1890). ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia''. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (''Calotes emma'', pp. 137–138). *Schmidt KP (1925). "New Chinese Amphibians and Reptiles". ''American Museum Novitates'' (175): 1–3. (''Calotes alticristatus'', new species, p. 2). *Smith MA (1935). ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II.—Sauria.'' London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 440 pp. + Plate I + 2 maps. (''Calotes emma'', pp. 195–197, Figure 55 [two views of head]).
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1037106}}
emma Category:Reptiles described in 1845 Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray Category:Reptiles of Bangladesh Category:Reptiles of Myanmar Category:Reptiles of Cambodia Category:Reptiles of China Category:Lizards of India Category:Reptiles of Laos Category:Lizards of Malaysia Category:Lizards of Thailand Category:Lizards of Vietnam