{{Short description|Family of ray-finned fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Grammatonotus brianne.jpg | image_caption = ''Grammatonotus brianne'' | taxon = Callanthiidae | authority = Fowler, 1907 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }}
'''Callanthiidae''', the '''splendid perches''' and '''groppos''' is a small family of marine ray-finned fishes in the order Spariformes. These fishes are mainly found in the Indo-Pacific but two species are found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.
==Taxonomy== Callanthiidae was first proposed as a family name in 1907 by the American zoologist Henry Weed Fowler.<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 1–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}</ref> This family was classified in the order Perciformes but the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies the family within the order Spariformes, although states that there is some doubt about the family's exact classification.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502–506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Other workers have classified the family as ''incertae sedis'' within the series Eupercaria.<ref name = Deepfin>{{cite journal | author1 = Ricardo Betancur-R | author2 = Edward O. Wiley | author3 = Gloria Arratia | author4 = Arturo Acero | author5 = Nicolas Bailly | author6 = Masaki Miya | author7 = Guillaume Lecointre | author8 = Guillermo Ortí | display-authors = 3 | title =Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 162 | year = 2017 | page = 162 | doi = 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3| doi-access = free | pmid = 28683774 | pmc = 5501477 | bibcode = 2017BMCEE..17..162B }}</ref>
==Etymology== Callianthiidae, takes its name from ''Callianthias'' its type genus. ''Callianthias'' is a combination of ''callos'', meaning "beautiful", and ''Anthias'' a genus in the family Serranidae. Lowe named the genus this because he described its type species, ''Callanthias paradisaeus'', as "a most elegant little fish" and "almost as rare as beautiful" and noted the resemblance on form and dentition to ''Anthias''.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/eupercaria/ |title=Series EUPERCARIA (Incertae sedis): Families CALLANTHIIDAE, CENTROGENYIDAE, DINOPERCIDAE, EMMELICHTHYIDAE, MALACANTHIDAE, MONODACTYLIDAE, MORONIDAE, PARASCORPIDIDAE, SCIAENIDAE and SILLAGINIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=14 October 2023 |date=9 March 2023 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217162719/https://etyfish.org/eupercaria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Genera== Callanthiidae is divided into two genera:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase family|family=Callanthiidae|month=June|year=2023}}</ref><ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Callanthiidae|access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
{{Linked genus list | Callanthias | Lowe, 1839 | Grammatonotus | Gilbert, 1905 }}
==Characteristics== The Callanthiidae are characterised by a flat nasal organ, lacking any lamellae. The lateral line runs along the base of the dorsal fin and ends close to the end of that fin or it extends on to the caudal peduncle. The dorsal fin is supported by 11 spines and between 9 and 11 soft rays. There is a midlateral row of modified scales with a series of pits and sometimes grooves. These splendidly coloured fish<ref name = Nelson5/> have a maximum total length of {{cvt|30|cm}}, the largest species being the splendid sea perch (''Callianthias allporti'').<ref name = Fishbase/>
==Distribution== The Callanthiidae are mostly found in the Indo-Pacific region as far east as Hawaii. Two species are found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.<ref name = Fishbase/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1465661}}
Category:Callanthiidae Category:Acanthuriformes families Category:Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler