California State Route 139

{{short description|Highway in California}} {{for|the American naval heavy cruiser with the "CA-139" designation|USS Salem (CA-139)}} {{Use American English|date=March 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox road |state=CA |type=SR |route=139 |section=439 |maint=Caltrans |map_notes=SR 139 highlighted in red |length_mi=143.26 |length_round=2 |length_ref=<ref name=trucklist/><ref name="bridgelog"/> |history=State highway in ca. 1940 and 1959; numbered by 1946 |direction_a=South |terminus_a={{jct|state=CA|SR|36}} in Susanville |junction={{jct|state=CA|CR|A1}} near Sheepshead<br />{{jct|state=CA|CR|A2}} near Scotty Place<br />{{jct|state=CA|SR|299}} from Adin to Canby |tourist=20px|alt=|link= Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway |direction_b=North |terminus_b={{jct|state=CA|SR|161|OR|39}} at Oregon state line south of Merrill |counties=Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou |previous_type=SR |previous_route=138 |next_type=SR |next_route=140 }}

'''State Route 139''' ('''SR 139''') is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. Running from SR 36 in Susanville north to Oregon Route 39 at the Oregon state line, it forms part of the shortest route between Reno, Nevada, and Klamath Falls, Oregon. SR 139 cuts through much of Modoc National Forest and passes near Antelope Mountain and Tule Lake. North of SR 299 near Canby, SR 139 was built by the federal government and turned over to the state in about 1940; the remainder was built by a joint highway district of Lassen and Modoc Counties, completed in 1956, and given to the state in 1959.

==Route description== [[Image:Modoc-map.png|thumb|left|SR 139 through the Modoc National Forest]] State Route 139 begins at SR 36 in Susanville, and heads northeast up Antelope Mountain along the eastern edge of Susanville Ranch Park before turning north and descending into the Eagle Lake Basin, passing along the eastern edge of Eagle Lake and later the Said Valley Reservoir. The highway continues north and northwest through valleys and over hills and through a part of the Modoc National Forest, through the community of Avila Place, and then enters the east end of the Big Valley, where it begins to overlap SR 299 through Adin. The combined routes continue northerly through another part of the forest and over Adin Pass into the Warm Springs Valley, where SR 139 splits to the northwest near Canby.<ref name="maps" /><ref name="gmaps" />

SR 139 runs northwest and north over mostly flat terrain through the center of the national forest before turning northwest. The route continues through Newell before cutting across the intermittent Tule Lake as the Lava Beds Highway through the city of Tulelake. During this segment, SR 139 passes directly through the former Tule Lake Segregation Unit, used to house Japanese-Americans during WWII. After passing through the former internment camp, SR 139 continues to the Oregon state line at Hatfield. At an intersection right on the state line, SR 161 begins to the west, and Oregon Route 39 continues northwest towards Klamath Falls.<ref name=maps>{{cite map|publisher=ACME Maps|title=ACME Mapper 2.0|url=http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=41.19886,-120.94414&z=8&t=M|access-date=January 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name="gmaps">{{Google maps | url = https://maps.google.com/?ll=41.191056,-120.036621&spn=1.831155,4.284668&t=m&z=8&vpsrc=6 | title = SR 139 | access-date = January 11, 2012}}</ref>

The entire route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,<ref name="cafes">{{CAFESystem}}</ref> and north of the SR 299 overlap is part of the National Highway System,<ref name=fhwa-nhs>{{FHWA NHS map|region=californianorth|access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.<ref name=NHS-FHWA>{{FHWA NHS}}</ref> North of SR 299, SR 139 is an eligible State Scenic Highway,<ref name="scenic">{{CA scenic}}</ref> but has not been designated as such;<ref name="caltransscenic">{{Caltrans scenic|access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> the short piece north of Tulelake is however part of the federal Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.volcaniclegacybyway.org/|title=Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway web site|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> The portion north of SR 299 is also in the Interregional Road System as a High Emphasis Route.

==History== In 1925, a state-created "California Highway Advisory Committee" recommended a number of additions to the state highway system; among these was a route from Susanville to the Oregon state line towards Klamath Falls, via Bieber. This would be part of a road connecting Reno, Nevada and Klamath Falls east of the Sierra Nevada, which would attract heavy traffic and improve access to Crater Lake and Lassen Volcanic National Parks.<ref name=1925report>California Highway Advisory Committee and Arthur Hastings Breed, Report of a Study of the State Highway System of California, California State Printing Office, 1925, p. 98</ref> A local county road already followed this path, but it was an unpaved road, mostly dirt and gravel but with sections of rock and bad sand. This was close to the present SR 139, with notable deviations around the areas of Hayden Hill, Bieber and Lookout, and Malin, Oregon (as Tule Lake covered SR 139's current location).<ref>{{cite book|title=Official Automobile Blue Book Volume Eight|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt0NAAAAYAAJ|pages=266–268|year=1918}}</ref>

By the mid-1920s, the main road southeast from Klamath Falls, still unimproved in California, headed southeast to State Highway Route 28 (now SR 299) at Canby rather than south to Bieber. There travelers could head east on Route 28 to Alturas and south on the present US 395 (not a state highway north of Susanville until 1933) towards Reno.<ref>Clason Map Company, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200916015429/http://usautotrails.com/CaliforniaPage/ClasonsCaliforniaPage/image1.html Touring Atlas of the United States], 1925</ref><ref>Rand McNally & Company, [http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/Southwest/California/unitedstates1926ra_072.html Auto Road Atlas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212125333/http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/Southwest/California/unitedstates1926ra_072.html |date=February 12, 2012 }}, 1926</ref> The California state legislature passed a law in 1939, providing for state takeover of the Canby-Oregon road if the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Public Roads were to construct and pave it.<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1939|ch=338|p=1677}}</ref> The road was in fact mostly paved by mid-1939,<ref>Nevada State Journal, June 30, 1939: "A one-mile stretch at the Modoc-Siskiyou county line is gravel surfaced and from Tule Lake to the Oregon state line the oiled surface is broken and somewhat rough."</ref> and under construction or completed by mid-1940, when Oregon Route 58 opened, continuing the corridor northwest from Klamath Falls.<ref>Reno Evening Gazette, August 2, 1940: "With the opening of the new Willamette highway in Oregon, connecting U. S. 99 with U. S. 97, a new avenue for direct travel is available to motorists between Reno and points in the Pacific Northwest...Short stretches are being oiled, with flagmen controlling traffic and caution is required. The balance of this route is entirely paved and in excellent condition."</ref> In 1943 the legislature gave it the Route 210 designation;<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1943|ch=964|p=2849}}: "Route 210 is from Route 28 near Canby to the Oregon line near Merrill."</ref> Oregon had added the short connecting Hatfield Highway to its state highway system in 1937.<ref name=HSHO>Oregon Department of Transportation, [https://www.oregon.gov/odot/ETA/Documents_Geometronics/ROW-Eng_State-Highway-History.pdf History of State Highways in Oregon], January 2007, p. 677</ref>

Lassen and Modoc Counties organized Joint Highway District No. 14 on December 21, 1929 to construct and maintain a road from Susanville via Adin to Oregon. However, since the state took over the part north of Adin, the district's scope was narrowed to Susanville-Adin.<ref>Division of Highways, Sixth Annual Report to the Governor on the Activities of the Division of Highways for the Year July 1, 1951 to June 30, 1952, p. 124</ref> It finally completed work in 1956, and held a ceremony on August 26, in which it placed a monument at a point near Eagle Lake.<ref>Reno Evening Gazette, Lassen Highway Dedication Held, September 4, 1956</ref> The legislature added the road to the state highway system as Route 216 in 1959.<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1959|ch=1853|p=4409}}: "Route 216 is from Route 20 north of Susanville to Route 28 near Adin."</ref> The portion south of Horse Lake Road became an extension of Route 20 instead;<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1959|ch=1062|p=3116}}: "Route 20 is from:...(c) Route 29 near Susanville to Route 73 near Ravendale."</ref> this route from Susanville to Ravendale (later Termo) was never constructed by the state, and was deleted from SR 36 in 1998. Also in 1959, a spur of Route 210 west to Dorris was added; this became SR 161 in 1964.<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1959|ch=1062|p=3118}}: "Route 210 is from: (a) Route 28 near Canby to the Oregon line near Hatfield. (b) A point on the highway specified in subdivision (a) of this section near Hatfield to Route 72 near Dorris."</ref>

By 1946, the Canby-Oregon portion had been marked as Sign Route 139, connecting with Oregon Route 39;<ref>Rand McNally & Company, [http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/Southwest/randmcnally_ra_1946_018.html Road Atlas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212125342/http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/Southwest/randmcnally_ra_1946_018.html |date=February 12, 2012 }}, 1946</ref> it was extended south over US 299 to Adin and Routes 216 and 20 to Susanville by 1960.<ref>Oakland Tribune, May 31, 1960: "Nichols was killed when his car missed a turn yesterday morning and overturned on State Highway 139, two miles north of Susanville."</ref> The number was legislatively adopted, replacing Routes 210 and 216, in the 1964 renumbering.<ref name=law-renumbering>{{cite CAstat|year=1963|ch=385|p=1182}}: "Route 139 is from: (a) Route 36 near Susanville to Route 299 near Adin. (b) Route 299 near Canby to the Oregon state line near Hatfield."</ref> It has remained a two-lane road,<ref name=maps/> despite being added to the California Freeway and Expressway System in 1959 (Canby to Oregon) and 1965 (Susanville to Adin).<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1959|ch=1062|p=3115}}</ref><ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1965|ch=1372|p=3269}}</ref>

==Major intersections== {{CAinttop|post_ref=<br /><ref name=trucklist /><ref name=bridgelog>{{Caltrans bridgelog|date=July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=All Traffic Volumes on CSHS|url=http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/|publisher=California Department of Transportation|year=2005–2006|access-date=February 10, 2008}}</ref> }} {{CAint |county=Lassen |cspan=3 |county_note=LAS 0.00-66.44 |location=Susanville |postmile=0.00 |road={{jct|state=CA|SR|36|name1=Main Street|location1=Reno|city2=Red Bluff}} |notes=South end of SR 139 }} {{CAint |location=none |postmile=30.82 |road={{jct|state=CA|CR|A1|county1=Lassen|name1=Eagle Lake Road}} |notes=Northern terminus of CR A1 }} {{CAint |location=none |postmile=61.46 |road={{jct|state=CA|CR|A2|county1=Lassen|name1=Susanville Road|city1=Bieber|city2=Mount Shasta}} |notes=Eastern terminus of CR A2 }} {{CAint |county=Modoc |cspan=3 |county_note=MOD 0.00-50.68 |location=Adin |type=concur |postmile=0.23 |line=yes |postmile2=0.33<ref group="N" name="SR 299">Indicates that the postmile represents the distance along SR 299 rather than SR 139.</ref> |road={{jct|state=CA|SR|299|dir1=west|city1=Redding}} |notes=South end of SR 299 overlap }} {{CAint |type=concur |location=Canby |postmile=21.75<ref group="N" name="SR 299"/> |line=yes |postmile2=0.23 |road={{jct|state=CA|SR|299|dir1=east|city1=Alturas}} |notes=North end of SR 299 overlap }} {{jctplace |state=CA |location=none |type=incomplete |postmile=23.20 |place=Agricultural Inspection Station (southbound only) }} {{CAint |county=Siskiyou |county_note=SIS 0.00-5.04 |location=Hatfield |postmile=5.04 |road={{jct|state=CA|SR|161|dir1=west|OR|39|dir2=north|name1=State Line Road, Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway|city1=Dorris|location2=Malin|location3=Klamath Falls}} |notes=Oregon state line; north end of SR 139; road continues as OR 39 }} {{Jctbtm|keys=concur,incomplete}} {{reflist|group="N"}}

==See also== * {{portal-inline|California Roads}}

==References== {{reflist|30em}}

==External links== {{Attached KML|display=title,inline}} {{commons category}} {{CASR external links|SR|139}} *[http://www.cahighways.org/137-144.html#139 California Highways: Route 139] *[http://www.aaroads.com/california/ca-139.html California @ AARoads.com - State Route 139]

139 State Route 139 State Route 139 State Route 139