{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}} {{Automatic_taxobox | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Caldalkalibacillus | authority = Xue et al. 2006<ref name=LPSN></ref> | type_species = ''[[Caldalkalibacillus thermarum]]'' | type_species_authority =Xue et al. 2006 | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | subdivision = * ''[[Bacillus horti|C. horti]]'' * ''C. mannanilyticus'' * "''C. salinus''" * ''[[Caldalkalibacillus thermarum|C. thermarum]]'' * ''[[Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis|C. uzonensis]]'' | synonyms = * ''Thermalkalibacillus'' <small>Zhao et al. 2006</small><ref name=UniProt>{{cite journal |title=Caldalkalibacillus |website=www.uniprot.org |url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/379065 |language=en}}</ref> }}
'''''Caldalkalibacillus''''' is an [[Aerobic organism|aerobic]] and [[spore]]-forming genus of bacteria from the family [[Bacillaceae]] the stains either Gram-positive or Gram-variable.<ref name=LPSN/><ref name=UniProt/><ref name=":2">{{cite journal|last1=Parker|first1=Charles Thomas|last2=Osier|first2=Nicole Danielle|last3=Garrity|first3=George M|editor-first1=Charles Thomas |editor-first2=George M. |editor-last1=Parker |editor-last2=Garrity |title=Nomenclature Abstract for Caldalkalibacillus Xue et al. 2006 emend. Zhao et al. 2008.|journal=The NamesforLife Abstracts|date=2009 |doi=10.1601/nm.10093|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Schagerl|first1=Michael|title=Soda Lakes of East Africa|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319286228|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Falkiewicz-Dulik|first1=Michalina|last2=Janda|first2=Katarzyna|last3=Wypych|first3=George|title=Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781927885024|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Vos|first1=Paul|last2=Garrity|first2=George|last3=Jones|first3=Dorothy|last4=Krieg|first4=Noel R.|last5=Ludwig|first5=Wolfgang|last6=Rainey|first6=Fred A.|last7=Schleifer|first7=Karl-Heinz|last8=Whitman|first8=William B.|title=Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 3: The Firmicutes|date=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9780387684895|language=en}}</ref> The type species of this genus is ''Caldalkalibacillus thermarum.''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Genus: Caldalkalibacillus|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/caldalkalibacillus|access-date=2021-05-30|website=lpsn.dsmz.de|language=en}}</ref>
''Caldalkalibacillus'' ''mannanilyticus'' was previously a species belonging to ''[[Bacillus]]'', a genus that has been recognized as displaying extensive [[polyphyly]] and has been restricted by recent phylogenetic studies to only include species closely related to ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'' and ''[[Bacillus cereus]].'' <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Sudip|last2=Gupta|first2=Radhey S.|date=2020-01-01|title=A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|language=en|volume=70|issue=1|pages=406–438|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.003775|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Radhey S.|last2=Patel|first2=Sudip|last3=Saini|first3=Navneet|last4=Chen|first4=Shu|date=2020-11-01|title=Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|language=en|volume=70|issue=11|pages=5753–5798|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004475|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free}}</ref>
The name ''Caldalkalibacillus'' is derived from the prefix "-caldalkali" (from the Latin adjective ''caldus'', which translates to "hot" and the Latin noun ''alkali),'' and the suffix "-bacillus" (from the Latin noun ''bacillus'', referring to a small rod).<ref name=LPSN/> Together, ''Caldalkalibacillus'' translates to bacillus living under hot and alkaline conditions).
== Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures == Members of this genus are [[Aerobic organism|aerobic]] and some are motile and endospore-forming. Colonies formed are either yellow or yellowish-white in colour. Temperature range for growth is 20–65°C, with optimum growth temperature for ''C. mannanilyticus'' around 37°C, whereas ''C. thermarum'' grows optimally at 60°C. The pH range for growth is 7.5–10, with optimal growth occurring around pH 8.5–9.0.<ref name=":1" />
Four [[conserved signature indels]] (CSIs) were identified through genomic analyses for this genus in the following proteins: [[prephenate dehydrogenase]], isoprenyl transferase, DUF1027 domain-containing protein and [[adenine deaminase]], which in most cases are exclusively shared by either all or most members of this genus.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> These CSIs provide a reliable molecular means of distinguishing ''Caldalkalibacillus'' species from other ''Bacillaceae'' genera and bacteria.
==Phylogeny== ''Caldalkalibacillus'', as of May 2021, contains a total of 3 species with validly published names.<ref name=LPSN>{{cite web |author=A.C. Parte |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/caldalkalibacillus |title=Caldalkalibacillus |access-date=2025-02-28 |publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN) |display-authors=et al.}}</ref><ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |author=C.L. Schoch |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=379065&lvl=3&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=Caldalkalibacillus |access-date=2025-02-28 |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database |display-authors=et al.}}</ref> This branching pattern is also observed in the [[Genome Taxonomy Database]] (GTDB).<ref>{{Cite web|title=GTDB - Tree|url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/tree?r=d__Bacteria|access-date=2021-05-28|website=gtdb.ecogenomic.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based [[The All-Species Living Tree Project|LTP]]_10_2024<ref>{{cite web |title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LTP_all tree in newick format |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LTP_10_2024 Release Notes |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref> ! colspan=1 | 120 marker proteins based [[Genome Taxonomy Database|GTDB]] 09-RS220<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 09-RS220 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]] |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=bac120_r220.sp_labels |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r220.sp_labels.tree |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]] |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]] |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> |- | style="vertical-align:top| {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=Caldalkalibacillales |sublabel1=Caldalkalibacillaceae |1={{clade |label1=''Caldalkalibacillus'' |1={{clade |1=''[[Caldalkalibacillus thermarum|C. thermarum]]'' |2=''[[Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis|C. uzonensis]]'' }} }} }} {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |1={{clade |1=''Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus'' |2=''[[Bacillus horti|Caldalkalibacillus horti]]'' }} }} | {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=Caldalkalibacillales |1={{clade |label1=Caldalkalibacillaceae |sublabel1=''Caldalkalibacillus'' |1={{clade |1=''[[Caldalkalibacillus thermarum|C. thermarum]]'' <small>Xue et al. 2006</small> |2=''[[Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis|C. uzonensis]]'' <small>Zhao et al. 2008</small> }} |label2=JCM-10596 |sublabel2=''Caldalkalibacillus''_A |2={{clade |1=''Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus'' <small>(Nogi et al. 2005) Gupta et al. 2020</small> |2={{clade |1=''[[Bacillus horti|Caldalkalibacillus horti]]'' <small>(Yumoto et al. 1998) Li et al. 2024</small> |2="''Caldalkalibacillus salinus''" <small>Ouyang et al. 2022</small> }} }} }} }} |}
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Further reading == * {{cite journal|last1=Zhao|first1=W|last2=Zhang|first2=CL|last3=Romanek|first3=CS|last4=Wiegel|first4=J|title=Description of Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis sp. nov. and emended description of the genus Caldalkalibacillus.|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=May 2008|volume=58|issue=Pt 5|pages=1106–8|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.65363-0|pmid=18450697|doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal|last1=Kalamorz|first1=F.|last2=Keis|first2=S.|last3=McMillan|first3=D. G. G.|last4=Olsson|first4=K.|last5=Stanton|first5=J.-A.|last6=Stockwell|first6=P.|last7=Black|first7=M. A.|last8=Klingeman|first8=D. M.|last9=Land|first9=M. L.|last10=Han|first10=C. S.|last11=Martin|first11=S. L.|last12=Becher|first12=S. A.|last13=Peddie|first13=C. J.|last14=Morgan|first14=H. W.|last15=Matthies|first15=D.|last16=Preiss|first16=L.|last17=Meier|first17=T.|last18=Brown|first18=S. D.|last19=Cook|first19=G. M.|title=Draft Genome Sequence of the Thermoalkaliphilic Caldalkalibacillus thermarum Strain TA2.A1|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|date=17 June 2011|volume=193|issue=16|pages=4290–4291|doi=10.1128/JB.05035-11|pmc=3147688|pmid=21685297}} * {{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jean-Claude|last2=Caumette|first2=Pierre|last3=Lebaron|first3=Philippe|last4=Matheron|first4=Robert|last5=Normand|first5=Philippe|last6=Sime-Ngando|first6=Télesphore|title=Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications: Microbial Ecology|date=2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789401791182|language=en}}
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[[Category:Bacillaceae]] [[Category:Bacteria genera]]
{{Firmicutes-stub}}