Calandrinia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image=Calandrinia colchaguensis (8677477954).jpg |image_caption=''Calandrinia colchaguensis'' |taxon=Calandrinia |authority=Kunth |synonyms_ref=<ref name=powo/> |synonyms={{species list |Baitaria |Ruiz & Pav. |Cosmia |Dombey ex Juss. |Diazia |Phil. |Monocosmia |Fenzl |Phacosperma |Haw. }} }}

'''''Calandrinia''''' is a genus of flowering plants known as '''purslanes''' and '''redmaids'''. It includes 37 species of annual and perennial herbs which bear colorful flowers in shades of red to purple and white. Species of this genus are native to the Americas, including western and southern South America, Central America, and western North America.<ref name=powo/><ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77311196-1 ''Calandrinia petrophila'' J.G.West & Albr.] ''Plants of the World Online''. Retrieved 21 February 2024.</ref> Some species have been introduced to parts of Australia, New Zealand, southern Africa, Asia, and Europe.<ref name=powo/> Over 60 species native to Australia and New Guinea that were formerly included in ''Calandrinia'' are now placed in a separate genus, ''Rumicastrum'' or ''Parakeelya''.<ref name=":7"/> A single eastern Australian species named in 2022, ''Calandrinia petrophila'', is still included in ''Calandrinia'', but will be placed into the Australian genus when the name of the new genus is finally settled.<ref>Judy G. West and David E. Albrecht (2022). A new species of Calandrinia (Montiaceae) from rocky pavements in eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. ''Telopea'', Volume 25: 323–329, 28 October 2022. dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea16319</ref>

==Description== Species in the genus ''Calandrinia'' are annual or perennial herbaceous plants with a sprawling or erect habit. The leaves are mostly basal and may be either alternate or opposite in arrangement. Flowers are produced in cymes. Each flower produces between four and eleven petals, though often five. Flowers may be white, purple, pink, red, or yellow.<ref name=vf/><ref name=fna/><ref name=elve2015/>

{{Gallery |mode=packed |Calandrinia acaulis en el Nevado de Toluca.jpg|''Calandrinia acaulis'' |Calandrinia affinis (8677478228).jpg|''Calandrinia affinis'' |Calandrinia caespitosa 5892.jpg|''Calandrinia caespitosa'' |Calandrinia stagnensis flowers.jpg|''Calandrinia stagnensis'' }}

==Taxonomy== The genus ''Calandrinia'' was erected in 1823 by German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth.<ref name=kunth1823/><ref name=ipni/> It was named for Jean Louis Calandrini (1703–1758), a Genevan botanist.<ref name=fna/>

Approximately 74 ''Calandrinia'' species are native to Australia.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Hancock, L.P, Obbens, F., Moore, A.J., Thiele, K., de Vos, J.M, West, J., and Edwards, E.J.|year=2018|title=Phylogeny, evolution, and biogeographic history of Calandrinia (Montiaceae)|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=105|issue=6 |pages=1021–1034|doi=10.1002/ajb2.1110 |pmid=29995314 |s2cid=51612043 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Along with the pigweeds (''Portulaca'' species), ''Calandrinia'' are the most prominent succulent species in Australia.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Low, T.|date=2016|title=Where are all the succulents?|journal=Wildlife Australia|volume=53|pages=12–14}}</ref> The Australian ''Calandrinia'' were traditionally considered to be monophyletic (share the same ancestry) with 14 ''Calandrinia'' species from the Americas, and are still classified as belonging to the same genus.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Thiele|first=Kevin|date=2018-12-29|title=On the Horizon: Calandrinia changing to Parakeelya|url=https://www.taxonomyaustralia.org.au/post/taxonomy-alert-calandrinia-changing-to-parakeelya|access-date=2020-10-18|website=Taxonomy Australia|language=en}}</ref> However, in 1987 Australian taxonomist Roger Carolin proposed that the American and Australian ''Calandrinia'' are not closely related to each other based on morphological analyses. Follow-up studies also supported two different lineages, based in part on the absence of ''Calandrinia'' on islands along possible dispersal pathways between South America and Australia and in part on genomic data''.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tahir, S.S. and Carolin, R.C.|date=1990|title=Phylogeny and origin of Australian Calandrinia (Portulacaceae)|journal=Pakistan Journal of Botany|volume=22|pages=1–4}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

Despite this, the nomenclature has not been officially changed for all Australian ''Calandrinia,'' including ''C. balonensis''. Although the need for a nomenclature change is widely agreed, a debate has arisen over the appropriate naming of the Australian ''Calandrinia.''<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Hershkovitz, M.A.|date=2020|title=Rumicastrum Ulbrich (Montiaceae): a beautiful name for the Australian calandrinias|journal=Phytologia|volume=102|pages=116–123}}</ref> A proposal has been made to rename the genus as ''Parakeelya'' on the grounds that it is used as a common name for the whole genus, derives from South Australian and Central Desert Indigenous names, and is already accepted as a synonym for some Australian species''.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thiele, K.R., Obbens, L., Hancock, E., Edwards, E. and West, J.G.|date=2018|title=Proposal to conserve the name Parakeelya against Rumicastrum|journal=Taxon|volume=67|pages=214–215|doi=10.12705/671.25 }}</ref> The competing view holds that the Australian genus should be named ''Rumicastrum'' according to established nomenclatural rules.<ref name=":7" /> ''Plants of the World Online'' accepts ''Rumicastrum''.<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:6980-1 ''Rumicastrum'' Ulbr.] ''Plants of the World Online''. Accessed 17 November 2023.</ref> The proposal to rename ''Calandrinia'' as ''Parakeelya'' has not yet been decided.<ref name=":6" />

The genus is classified in the family Montiaceae.<ref name=powo/> It was previously placed in the purslane family, Portulacaceae.<ref name=fna/>

==Species== {{As of|2024|December}}, the following species are accepted in the genus ''Calandrinia'':<ref name=powo/> {{Columns-list|colwidth=25em| * ''Calandrinia acaulis'' Kunth * ''Calandrinia affinis'' Gillies ex Arn. * ''Calandrinia alba'' (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. * ''Calandrinia bracteosa'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia breweri'' S.Watson – Brewer's redmaid; California and Baja California * ''Calandrinia caespitosa'' Gillies ex Arn. * ''Calandrinia carolinii'' Hershk. & D.I.Ford * ''Calandrinia ciliata'' (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. – fringed redmaid * ''Calandrinia colchaguensis'' Barnéoud * ''Calandrinia compacta'' Barnéoud * ''Calandrinia corymbosa'' Walp. * ''Calandrinia depressa'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia filifolia'' Rydb. * ''Calandrinia fuegiana'' Gand. * ''Calandrinia galapagosa'' H.St.John Galápagos Islands * ''Calandrinia graminifolia'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia heterophylla'' Rydb. * ''Calandrinia involucrata'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia jompomae'' {{small|Hershk.}} * ''Calandrinia lancifolia'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia leucopogon'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia minutissima'' Barnéoud * ''Calandrinia monandra'' (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. * ''Calandrinia nana'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia nitida'' (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. * ''Calandrinia pauciflora'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia pilosiuscula'' DC. * ''Calandrinia poeppigiana'' Walp. * ''Calandrinia polyclados'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia ranunculina'' J.M.Watson, A.R.Flores & Elvebakk * ''Calandrinia sanguinea'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia skottsbergii'' Gand. * ''Calandrinia solisi'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia spicigera'' Phil. * ''Calandrinia taltalensis'' I.M.Johnst. * ''Calandrinia villaroelii'' Phil. }}

===Formerly placed here=== The following species were formerly placed in genus ''Calandrinia'', including the Australasian species now placed in genus ''Rumicastrum''.<ref name=powo/><ref name=":7"/> * ''Anacampseros australiana'' {{small|J.M.Black}} (as ''C. pogonophora'' F.Muell.) * ''Cistanthe arenaria'' {{small|(Cham.) Carolin ex Hershk.}} (as ''C. arenaria'' {{small|Cham.}} or ''C. glaucopurpurea'' {{small|Reiche}}) * ''Cistanthe crassifolia'' {{small|(Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk.}} (as ''C. crassifolia'' Phil.) * ''Cistanthe densiflora'' {{small|(Barnéoud) Hershk.}} (as ''C. densiflora'' {{small|Barnéoud}} or ''C. spicata'' Phil.) * ''Cistanthe grandiflora'' {{small|(Lindl.) Schltdl.}} (as ''C. grandiflora'' {{small|Lindl.}} or ''C. spectabilis'' Otto & A.Dietr.) * ''Cistanthe litoralis'' {{small|(Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk.}} (as ''C. litoralis'' {{small|Phil.}}) * ''Cistanthe mucronulata'' {{small|(Meyen) Carolin ex Hershk.}} (as ''C. mucronata'' Meyen) * ''Cistanthe picta'' {{small|(Gillies ex Arn.) Carolin ex Hershk.}} (as ''C. picta'' {{small|Gillies ex Arn.}} or ''C. villanuevae'' Phil.) * ''Cistanthe sitiens'' {{small|(I.M.Johnst.) J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores}} (as ''C. sitiens'' I.M.Johnst.) * ''Montiopsis andicola'' {{small|(Gillies) D.I.Ford}} (as ''C. andicola'' {{small|Gillies}} or ''C. tricolor'' Phil.) * ''Montiopsis conferta'' {{small|(Gillies ex Arn.) Peralta}} (as ''C. conferta'' {{small|Gillies ex Arn.}}, ''C. caesia'' F.Phil. ex Phil., or ''C. hirtella'' {{small|Phil.}}) * ''Montiopsis gayana'' {{small|(Barnéoud) D.I.Ford}} (as ''C. calycotricha'' Phil.) * ''Montiopsis gilliesii'' {{small|(Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford}} (as ''C. gilliesii'' {{small|Hook. & Arn.}} or ''C. leucotricha'' Phil.) * ''Montiopsis potentilloides'' {{small|(Barnéoud) D.I.Ford}} (as ''C. potentilloides'' {{small|Barnéoud}} or ''C. setosa'' Phil.) * ''Rumicastrum arenicolum'' {{small|(Syeda) Hershk.}} (as ''C. arenicola'' Syeda) * ''Rumicastrum baccatum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. baccata'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum balonense'' {{small|(Lindl.) Carolin}} – broadleaf parakeelya (as ''C. balonensis'' Lindl.) * ''Rumicastrum brevipedatum'' {{small|(F. Muell.) Carolin}} (as C. brevipedata F.Muell.) * ''Rumicastrum butcherense'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. butcherense'' {{small|Obbens}}) * ''Rumicastrum calyptratum'' {{small|(Hook. f.) Carolin}} – pink purslane (as ''C. calyptratum'' Hook.f.) * ''Rumicastrum compositum'' {{small|(Nees) Carolin}} (as ''C. composita'' (Nees) Benth.) * ''Rumicastrum corrigioloides'' {{small|(F. Muell. ex Benth.) Carolin}} – strap purslane (as ''C. corrigioloides'' F.Muell. ex Benth.) * ''Rumicastrum creethae'' {{small|(Tratman ex Morrison) Carolin}} (as ''C. creethae'' Tratman ex Morrison) * ''Rumicastrum crispisepalum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. crispipetala'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum cygnorum'' {{small|(Diels) Carolin}} (as ''C. cygnorum'' Diels) * ''Rumicastrum cylindricum'' {{small|(Poelln.) Carolin}} (as ''C. cylindrica'' Poelln.) * ''Rumicastrum dielsii'' {{small|(Poelln.) Carolin}} (as ''C. dielsii'' Poelln.) * ''Rumicastrum dipetalum'' {{small|(J.M.Black) Carolin}} (as ''C. dipetala'' J.M.Black) * ''Rumicastrum dispermum'' {{small|(J.M.Black) Carolin}} (as ''C. disperma'' J.M.Black) * ''Rumicastrum eremaeum'' {{small|(Ewart) Carolin}} – twining purslane (as ''C. eremaea'' Ewart) * ''Rumicastrum flavum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. flava'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum gracile'' {{small|(Benth.) Carolin}} (as ''C. gracilis'' Benth.) * ''Rumicastrum granuliferum'' {{small|(Benth.) Carolin}} – pygmy purslane (as ''C. granulifera'' Benth.) * ''Rumicastrum holtumii'' {{small|(Obbens & L.P.Hancock) Hershk.}} (as ''C. holtumii'' {{small|Obbens & L.P.Hancock}}) * ''Rumicastrum hortiorum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. hortiurum'' Obbens} * ''Rumicastrum kalanniense'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. kalanniensis'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum liniflorum'' {{small|(Fenzl) Carolin}} (as ''C. liniflora'' Fenzl) * ''Rumicastrum maryonii'' {{small|(S. Moore) Carolin}} (as ''C. maryonii'' S.Moore) * ''Rumicastrum mirabile'' {{small|(Chinnock & J.G.West) Hershk.}} (as ''C. mirabilis'' Chinnock & J.G.West) * ''Rumicastrum monogynum'' {{small|(Poelln.) Carolin}} (as ''C. monogyne'' Poelln.) * ''Rumicastrum monospermum'' {{small|(Syeda ex Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. monosperma'' {{small|Syeda ex Obbens}}) * ''Rumicastrum morrisae'' {{small|(Goy) Carolin}} (as ''C. morrisae'' Goy) * ''Rumicastrum oblongum'' {{small|(Syeda & Carolin) Hershk.}} (as ''C. oblonga'' Syeda & Carolin) * ''Rumicastrum opertum'' {{small|(Obbens)Hershk.}} (as ''C. operta'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum orarium'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. oraria'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum papillatum'' {{small|(Syeda) Carolin}} (as ''C. papillata'' Syeda) * ''Rumicastrum pentavalvis'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C.pentavalve'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum pickeringii'' {{small|(A. Gray) Carolin}} (as ''C. pickeringii'' {{small|A.Gray}} * ''Rumicastrum pleiopetalum'' {{small|(F.Muell.) Carolin}} (as ''C. pleiopetala'' F.Muell.) * ''Rumicastrum polyandrum'' {{small|(Benth.) Carolin}} (as ''C. polyandra'' Benth.) * ''Rumicastrum polypetalum'' {{small|(Fenzl) Carolin}} (as ''C. polypetala'' Fenzl) * ''Rumicastrum poriferum'' {{small|(Syeda) Carolin}} (as ''C. porifera'' Syeda) * ''Rumicastrum primuliflorum'' {{small|(Diels) Carolin}} (as ''C. primuliflora'' Diels) * ''Rumicastrum ptychospermum'' {{small|(F. Muell.) Carolin}} (as ''C. ptychosperma'' F.Muell.) * ''Rumicastrum pumilum'' {{small|(Benth.) Carolin}} (as ''C. pumila'' (Benth.) F.Muell. * ''Rumicastrum quadrivalve'' {{small|(F.Muell.) Carolin}} (as ''C. quadrivalvis'' F.Muell.) * ''Rumicastrum quartziticum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. quartzitica'' {{small|Obbens}}) * ''Rumicastrum remotum'' {{small|(J.M.Black) Carolin}} (as ''C. remota'' J.M.Black) * ''Rumicastrum reticulatum'' {{small|(Syeda) Carolin}} (as ''C. reticulata'' Syeda) * ''Rumicastrum rubrisabulosum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. rubrisabulosa'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum schistorhizum'' {{small|(Morrison) Carolin}} (as ''C. schistorhiza'' Morrison) * ''Rumicastrum sculptum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. sculpta'' {{small|Obbens & J.G.West}}) * ''Rumicastrum spergularinum'' {{small|(F.Muell.) Carolin}} (as ''C. spergularina'' F.Muell.) * ''Rumicastrum sphaerophyllum'' {{small|(J.M.Black) Carolin}} (as ''C. sphaerophylla'' J.M.Black) * ''Rumicastrum stagnense'' {{small|(J.M.Black) Carolin}} (as ''C. stagnensis'' J.M.Black) * ''Rumicastrum stenogynum'' {{small|(Domin) Carolin}} (as ''C. stenogyna'' Domin) * ''Rumicastrum strophiolatum'' {{small|(F.Muell.) Carolin}} (as ''C. strophiolata'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex B.D.Jacks.) * ''Rumicastrum tepperianum'' {{small|(W.Fitzg.) Carolin}} (as ''C. tepperiana'' W.Fitzg.) * ''Rumicastrum tholiforme'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. tholiformis'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum translucens'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C.translucens'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum tumidum'' {{small|(Syeda) Hershk.}} (as ''C. tumida'' Syeda) * ''Rumicastrum umbelliforme'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. umbelliformis'' Obbens) * ''Rumicastrum uniflorum'' {{small|(F. Muell.) Carolin}} (as ''C. uniflore'' F.Muell.) *''Rumicastrum vernicosum'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. vernicosa'' {{small|Obbens}}) *''Rumicastrum volubile'' {{small|(Benth.) Carolin}} (as ''C. volubilis'' {{small|Benth.}}) *''Rumicastrum wilsonii'' {{small|(Obbens) Hershk.}} (as ''C. wilsonii'' {{small|Obbens}})

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=elve2015>{{cite journal |last1=Elvebakk |first1=Arve |last2=Flores |first2=Ana Rosa |last3=Watson |first3=John Michael |title=Revisions in the South American Calandrinia caespitosa complex (Montiaceae) |journal=Phytotaxa |date=19 March 2015 |volume=203 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.1}}</ref> <ref name=fna>{{eFloras|1|105022|volume=4|Calandrinia |last=Kelley |first=Walter A. |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=ipni>{{cite web |title=''Calandrinia'' Kunth |url=http://beta.ipni.org/n/331443-2 |website=ipni.org |publisher=International Plant Names Index |access-date=8 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=kunth1823>Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. 1823. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7099 Page 77]. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7578 Illustration].</ref> <ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Calandrinia'' Kunth |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331443-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |access-date=24 November 2023}}</ref> <ref name=vf>{{cite web |title=''Calandrinia'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/4e082257-f0d1-45f6-a90b-b51e95393d66 |website=vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au |publisher=VicFlora, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> }}

Category:Calandrinia Category:Caryophyllales genera Category:Flora of the Americas