Caddo County, Oklahoma

{{short description|County in Oklahoma, United States}} {{Redirect|Caddo County|the parish in Louisiana|Caddo Parish, Louisiana}} {{Distinguish|Caddo, Oklahoma}} {{Use American English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Infobox U.S. county | county = Caddo County | state = Oklahoma | ex image = So plains indian museum.jpg | ex image cap = The Southern Plains Indian Museum in Anadarko | seal = | founded year = 1901 | founded date = August 6 | seat wl = Anadarko | largest city wl = Anadarko | area_total_sq_mi = 1290 | area_land_sq_mi = 1278 | area_water_sq_mi = 12 | area percentage = 0.9% | population_as_of = 2020 | population_total = 26945 | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | population_est = 26130 {{decrease}} | density_sq_mi = auto | time zone = Central | district = 3rd | footnotes = | web = | named for = Caddo Tribe }}

'''Caddo County''' is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,945.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Caddo County, Oklahoma|url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Caddo_County,_Oklahoma?g=050XX00US40015|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 11, 2023}}</ref> Its county seat is Anadarko.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> Created in 1901 as part of Oklahoma Territory, the county is named for the Caddo tribe who were settled here on a reservation in the 1870s. Caddo County is immediately west of the seven-county Greater Oklahoma City metro area, and although is not officially in the metro area, it has many economic ties in this region.

==History== Caddo County was organized on August 6, 1901, when the Federal Government allotted the Kiowa, Comanche, and Arapaho reservations and sold the surplus land to white settlers.<ref name=caddo_county_history>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Wilson |first=Linda D. |url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CA005 |title=Caddo County |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |date=2009 |edition=online |access-date=April 16, 2015}}</ref> The reservation land was part of Oklahoma Territory until Oklahoma became a state on November 16, 1907. Part of its land was taken at statehood to form neighboring Grady County. Some additional land was taken in 1911 and also awarded to Grady County.<ref name="caddo_county_history"/> [[File:Redstone baptist church.jpg|thumb|left|Redstone Baptist Church, north of the Apache Wye, Caddo County, Kiowa mission founded in the 19th century.]]

Agriculture has been the mainstay of the local economy since its founding. The main crops were cotton, corn, wheat, alfalfa, broom corn, and kaffir corn. Poultry and livestock production have also been important. By 1960, Caddo County ranked first in Oklahoma for producing of peanuts, hogs and poultry.<ref name="caddo_county_history"/>

The first oil field (Cement Field) in the county was discovered in 1911, and oil production has remained important to the county economy since then. Smaller-scale booms in oil production occurred in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="caddo_county_history"/>

==Geography== According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|1290|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|1278|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|12|sqmi}} (0.9%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_40.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 18, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref> The county mostly lies in the Gypsum Hills and the Red Bed plains physiographic areas. The extreme southwestern corner is in the Wichita Mountains. The county is drained by the Washita River, Pond Creek and Sugar Creek. Major reservoirs are Chickasha Lake, Ellsworth Lake, and Fort Cobb Lake,<ref name="caddo_county_history"/> Red Rock Canyon State Park near Hinton is notable for having the only remaining stand of native Caddo maple trees.

===Major highways=== {{Div col|small=yes}} * 20px Interstate 40 * 20px Interstate 44 * 20px H.E. Bailey Turnpike * 20px U.S. Highway 62 * 23px U.S. Highway 281 * 23px U.S. Highway 277 * 20px State Highway 8 * 20px State Highway 9 * 20px State Highway 19 * 20px State Highway 58 {{div col end}}

===Adjacent counties=== * Blaine County (north) * Canadian County (northeast) * Grady County (east) * Comanche County (south) * Kiowa County (southwest) * Washita County (west) * Custer County (northwest)

==Demographics== {{US Census population | 1910 = 35685 | 1920 = 34207 | 1930 = 50779 | 1940 = 41567 | 1950 = 34913 | 1960 = 28621 | 1970 = 28931 | 1980 = 30905 | 1990 = 29550 | 2000 = 30150 | 2010 = 29600 | 2020 = 26945 | estyear = 2025 | estimate = 26130 | estref =<ref name="USCensusEst2025">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html|title=County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2025|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref> {{decrease}} | align-fn = center | footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 18, 2015}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=February 18, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ok190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=February 18, 2015}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=February 18, 2015}}</ref> 2010<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40015.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=November 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728150128/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40015.html|archive-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> }}

===2020 census=== As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 26,945. Of the residents, 21.8% were under the age of 18 and 17.5% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 40.1 years. For every 100 females there were 125.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 130.9 males.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME%2CDP1_0021P%2CDP1_0024P%2CDP1_0025C%2CDP1_0049C%2CDP1_0045C%2CDP1_0069C%2CDP1_0073C%2CDP1_0125P%2CDP1_0126P%2CDP1_0129P%2CDP1_0138P%2CDP1_0139P%2CDP1_0141P%2CDP1_0142P%2CDP1_0143P%2CDP1_0145P%2CDP1_0146P%2CDP1_0147C%2CDP1_0148C%2CDP1_0149C%2CDP1_0156C%2CDP1_0157C%2CDP1_0158C%2CDP1_0159P%2CDP1_0160P&for=county%3A015&in=state%3A40|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=2025-11-22|df=mdy}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME%2CP1_001N%2CP1_003N%2CP1_004N%2CP1_005N%2CP1_006N%2CP1_008N%2CP1_009N%2CP2_001N%2CP2_002N%2CH1_001N%2CH1_002N&for=county%3A015&in=state%3A40|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=2025-11-22|df=mdy}}</ref>

The racial makeup of the county was 62.1% White, 2.6% Black or African American, 21.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3% Asian, 3.8% from some other race, and 9.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 16.1% of the population.<ref name="Census2020PL"/>

There were 9,284 households in the county, of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 28.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

There were 11,544 housing units, of which 19.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 72.4% were owner-occupied and 27.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.0%.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

===2000 census=== As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 30,150 people, 10,957 households, and 7,965 families residing in the county. The population density was {{convert|9|/km2|/mi2|abbr=on}}. There were 13,096 housing units at an average density of {{convert|4|/km2|/mi2|abbr=on}}. The racial makeup of the county was 65.55% White, 2.92% Black or African American, 24.28% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.70% from other races, and 4.36% from two or more races. 6.28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 93.8% spoke English, 4.5% Spanish and 1.2% Kiowa as their first language.

There were 10,957 households, out of which 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.20% were married couples living together, 13.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.30% were non-families. 24.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.50% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 22.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,347, and the median income for a family was $32,118. Males had a median income of $26,373 versus $18,658 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,298. About 16.70% of families and 21.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.00% of those under age 18 and 15.90% of those age 65 or over.

==Politics== During the 20th century, Caddo County was a bellwether county: between 1908 and 2004, the county voted for the winner in every election but 1908, 1956, 1960 and 1988. However, while Democrats had a large plurality of registered voters through the 2010s, the county has recently been swept up in the growing Republican trend throughout Oklahoma. John McCain (2008), Mitt Romney (2012) and Donald Trump (2016) each received at least 64% of the county's vote.

{| class=wikitable ! colspan = 6 | Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of May 31, 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Voter Registration Totals |url=https://stats.okelections.us/ |website=OK Elections Interactive Statistics Beta |access-date=June 25, 2023 |date=May 31, 2023}}</ref> |- ! colspan = 2 | Party ! Number of Voters ! Percentage |- | {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}} | Democratic | align = center | 4,998 | align = center | 36.13% |- | {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}} | Republican | align = center | 6,635 | align = center | 47.96% |- | {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}} | Others | align = center | 2,202 | align = center | 15.91% |- ! colspan = 2 | Total ! align = center | 13,835 ! align = center | 100% |}

{{PresHead|place=Caddo County, Oklahoma|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 28, 2018}}</ref>}}  {{PresRow|1908|Democratic|2,860|2,964|435|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1912|Democratic|2,413|2,514|1,050|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1916|Democratic|2,272|2,735|1,174|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1920|Republican|4,823|3,594|654|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1924|Republican|4,388|4,211|931|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1928|Republican|7,313|3,885|180|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1932|Democratic|2,972|11,001|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1936|Democratic|5,205|9,358|106|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1940|Democratic|6,304|8,280|61|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1944|Democratic|5,529|6,850|24|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1948|Democratic|3,793|8,110|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1952|Republican|6,834|6,153|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1956|Democratic|5,331|5,884|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1960|Republican|5,920|5,115|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1964|Democratic|3,724|7,447|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1968|Republican|4,712|4,212|1,858|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1972|Republican|7,683|2,921|308|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1976|Democratic|3,854|7,382|91|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1980|Republican|5,945|4,695|355|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1984|Republican|6,811|4,463|67|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1988|Democratic|4,689|5,387|101|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1992|Democratic|3,664|4,861|2,963|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|1996|Democratic|3,422|4,844|1,404|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|2000|Republican|4,835|4,272|103|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|2004|Republican|6,491|3,916|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|2008|Republican|6,413|3,404|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|2012|Republican|5,687|3,164|0|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|2016|Republican|6,482|2,420|446|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|2020|Republican|7,013|2,670|176|Oklahoma}} {{PresRow|2024|Republican|6,886|2,414|196|Oklahoma}} {{PresFoot}}

==Economy== Caddo County is home to cattle ranching and significant wheat and peanut farm operations—with a few of the producers practicing environmentally friendly no-till or reduced tillage farming methods.<ref>[http://www.reducefarmcosts.com/pressroom/Articles/0307-plowlasm.htm Reducefarmcosts.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715165741/http://www.reducefarmcosts.com/pressroom/Articles/0307-plowlasm.htm |date=July 15, 2011 }}</ref>

There is also one winery and vineyard in the county (Woods and Waters Winery and Vineyard).

==Communities==

===City=== * Anadarko (county seat)

===Towns=== {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * Apache * Binger * Bridgeport * Carnegie * Cement * Cyril * Eakly * Fort Cobb * Gracemont * Hinton * Hydro * Lookeba {{div col end}}

===Census-designated place===

* Washita

===Unincorporated communities=== {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * Albert * Alden * Alfalfa * Boone * Broxton * Cogar * Nowhere * Pine Ridge * Scott * Sickles * Spring Creek * Stecker{{div col end}}

==Education== Public school districts:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40015_caddo/DC20SD_C40015.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40015_caddo/DC20SD_C40015.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2022 |url-status=live|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Caddo County, OK|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 21, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40015_caddo/DC20SD_C40015_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> * Anadarko Public Schools * Binger-Oney Public Schools * Boone-Apache Public Schools * Carnegie Public Schools * Cement Public Schools * Cordell Public Schools * Cyril Public Schools * Fletcher Public Schools * Fort Cobb-Broxton Schools * Gracemont Public Schools * Hinton Public Schools * Hydro-Eakly Public Schools * Lookeba-Sickles Public Schools * Minco Public Schools * Verden Public Schools * Pioneer Public School (elementary school only)

There is also a Bureau of Indian Education (BIE)-operated school, Riverside Indian School.

==NRHP sites== {{Main|National Register of Historic Places listings in Caddo County, Oklahoma}}

The following sites in Caddo County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: {{Div col|small=yes}} * Amphlett Brothers Drug and Jewelry Store, Apache * Anadarko Armory, Anadarko * Anadarko Downtown Historic District, Anadarko * Apache State Bank, Apache * Bridgeport Bridge, Bridgeport * Bridgeport Hill-Hydro Route 66 Segment, Hydro * Caddo County Medicine Creek Archeological District Binger * First Baptist Church (Colored), Anadarko * Fort Cobb Site, Fort Cobb * Provine Service Station, Hydro * Randlett Park, Anadarko * Rock Island Passenger Station, Anadarko * Rock Mary, Hinton * Stevens Rock Shelter, Gracemont {{Div col end}}

==See also== * Tropical Storm Erin (2007)

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== * [http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CA005 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Caddo County] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013411/http://www.library.okstate.edu/okmaps/ Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory]

{{Geographic location |Centre = Caddo County |North = Blaine County |Northeast = Canadian County |East = Grady County |Southeast = |South = Comanche County |Southwest = |West = Washita County |Northwest = Custer County }}

{{Coord|35.18|-98.38|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-OK_source:UScensus1990}}

Category:Caddo County, Oklahoma Category:Populated places established in 1901 Category:1901 establishments in Oklahoma Territory