CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889

{{Short description|Type of locomotive}} {{About|one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "3rd Class"|the others|Cape Government Railways 3rd Class locomotives}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}} {{Use South African English|date=October 2013}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 South African Class 03 4-4-0 1889 | image = CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 no. 114.jpg | alt = | caption = CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 no. 114 of 1889 | hatnote = | powertype = Steam | designer = [[Cape Government Railways]] (Michael Stephens) | builder = [[Dübs and Company]] | ordernumber = | serialnumber = 2486-2497, 2536-2547 | buildmodel = | builddate = 1888-1889 | totalproduction = 24 | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = [[4-4-0]] (American) | uicclass = 2'Bn2 | driver = 1st coupled axle | gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}} | leadingdiameter = {{convert|28|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupleddiameter = {{convert|49|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailingdiameter = | tenderdiameter = {{convert|37|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | minimumcurve = | wheelbase = {{convert|37|ft|9+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | engine total = {{convert|18|ft|4+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | leading = {{convert|4|ft|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupled = {{convert|7|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailing = | tender total = {{convert|10|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | tenderbogie = | wheelspacing = | length = | over couplers = {{convert|45|ft|8+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | over bufferbeams = | pivotcentres = | width = | height = {{convert|12|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | frametype = | axleload = {{convert|10|lt|12|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | leadingbogie/pony= {{convert|9|lt|13|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled all = {{convert|10|lt|12|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 1 = | coupled 2 = | coupled 3 = | coupled 4 = | coupled 5 = | coupled 6 = | coupled 7 = | coupled 8 = | trail bogie/pony = | tenderbogieload = | tenderaxle = {{convert|9|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | weightondrivers = {{convert|21|lt|4|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locoweight = {{convert|30|lt|17|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderweight = {{convert|27|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locotenderweight = {{convert|57|lt|17|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tendertype = 3-axle | fueltype = Coal | fuelcap = {{convert|3|lt|t|1|abbr=on}} | watercap = {{convert|1950|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} | tendercap = | sandcap = | boiler = | pitch = {{convert|6|ft|1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | boilertype = | diameterinside = {{convert|3|ft|8+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | lengthinside = {{convert|10|ft|4+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | smalltubediameter= | largetubediameter= | fireboxtype = Round-top | boilerpressure = {{convert|150|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}} | safetyvalvetype = [[Safety valve#Ramsbottom safety valves|Ramsbottom]] | feedwaterheater = | firearea = {{convert|13|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | totalsurface = {{convert|763.5|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | tubearea = {{convert|689|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | fluearea = | tubesandflues = | fireboxarea = {{convert|74.5|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | superheatertype = | superheaterarea = | cylindercount = Two | cylindersize = {{convert|15|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore {{convert|22|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke | frontcylindersize= | rearcylindersize = | hpcylindersize = | lpcylindersize = | valvegear = [[Stephenson valve gear|Stephenson]] | valvetype = | valvetravel = | valvelap = | valvelead = | transmission = | trainheating = | locobrakes = | trainbrakes = | safety = | coupling = [[Railway coupling#Johnston coupler|Johnston link-and-pin]] | maxspeed = | poweroutput = | tractiveeffort = {{convert|11365|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75% | factorofadhesion = | locobrakeforce = | operator = [[Cape Government Railways]] South African Railways | operatorclass = CGR 3rd Class, SAR Class 03 | powerclass = | numinclass = 24 | fleetnumbers = 93-116 | officialname = | nicknames = | axleloadclass = | locale = | deliverydate = 1889 | firstrundate = 1889 | lastrundate = | withdrawndate = | preservedunits = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = | notes = }}

The '''Cape Government Railways 3rd Class 4-4-0 of 1889''' was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-[[Union of South Africa|Union]] era in the [[Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]].

In 1889, the Cape Government Railways placed 24 3rd Class tender locomotives with a {{nowrap|4-4-0}} American type wheel arrangement in service. They were intended for passenger service on the Cape Western System.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=37–39}}</ref>

==Beyond Kimberley== In addition to increasing traffic on the Western System during 1887, the planned extension of the mainline northwards from Kimberley to [[Vryburg]] would also require an increase in the locomotive fleet. Michael Stephens, who had succeeded Hawthorne Thornton in 1885 as the Locomotive Superintendent of the Western System of the [[Cape Government Railways]] (CGR), therefore drew up detailed designs for a new 3rd Class passenger locomotive for the Western System. The drawings were prepared in the Salt River drawing office in Cape Town.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Dec 1943">Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1943). ''The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II – The Cape Government Railways'' (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, December 1943. pp. 883–886.</ref>

==Manufacturer== [[File:Michael Stephens - CGR.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Michael Stephens]] An order for 24 of these locomotives was placed with [[Dübs and Company]] in Glasgow. The locomotives were built in two batches of twelve and were delivered early in 1889, numbered in the range from 93 to 116.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Dec 1943"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|page=17}}</ref>

With a boiler pressure of {{convert|150|psi|kPa|0|abbr=off}}, these were the first South African engines to use [[Safety valve#Ramsbottom safety valves|Ramsbottom safety valves]] instead of the older [[Safety valve#Salter spring balance valves|Salter spring balance valves]]. The overall design resulted in an attractive locomotive which reflected credit on the designer and the drawing office.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Dec 1943"/>

==Service==

===Cape Government Railways=== The locomotives were, at the time, modern and up to date with latest practices and were possibly the most efficient engines in the country. As was usual practice with passenger locomotives on the CGR, they were painted green and had polished brass domes. They were placed in service on the easier sections of the Western System and were used on all types of traffic. On the section between [[Beaufort West]] and [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]], they worked passenger trains successfully in spite of the poor quality coal from the colliery at [[Viljoensdrif]], thanks to their more liberally-proportioned boilers.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Dec 1943"/>

During the [[Second Boer War]] from 1899 to 1902, at least one of these locomotives, no. 108, had armour plating fitted to protect the engine and crew from [[Boer]] small-arms fire. Two of the photographs show no. 108 in armour plating.

By 1904, six of the locomotives were transferred to the Midland System and renumbered in the range from 405 to 410. Here they were employed on the line between [[Port Elizabeth]] and [[Uitenhage]].<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Dec 1943"/>

===South African Railways=== When the [[Union of South Africa]] was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, [[Natal Government Railways]] and [[Central South African Railways]]) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.<ref name="SAR History">''The South African Railways – Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.</ref><ref name="SAR Renumber"/>

All 24 locomotives survived to be taken onto the SAR roster in 1912. Since they were considered obsolete by then, they were designated Class 03 and renumbered by having the numeral "0" prefixed to their existing numbers. In SAR service, they continued to work on the Uitenhage line on the Midland System and on shunting and light duties on the Western System. Some of them survived until 1923.<ref name="SAR&H Dec 1943"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="SAR Renumber">''Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists'', issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, p. 25. (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)</ref>

==Works numbers== The works numbers, original numbers and renumbering of the Cape 3rd Class of 1889 are listed in the table.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR Renumber"/> {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:100%;" |+'''CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 of 1889''' |- ! Works no. !Orig. no. !1904 no. !SAR no. |- |2486 |93 |93 |093 |- |2487 |94 |94 |094 |- |2488 |95 |95 |095 |- |2489 |96 |409 |0409 |- |2490 |97 |97 |097 |- |2491 |98 |406 |0406 |- |2492 |99 |99 |099 |- |2493 |100 |100 |0100 |- |2494 |101 |407 |0407 |- |2495 |102 |102 |0102 |- |2496 |103 |103 |0103 |- |2497 |104 |408 |0408 |- |2536 |105 |105 |0105 |- |2537 |106 |106 |0106 |- |2538 |107 |107 |0107 |- |2539 |108 |108 |0108 |- |2540 |109 |109 |0109 |- |2541 |110 |410 |0410 |- |2542 |111 |405 |0405 |- |2543 |112 |112 |0112 |- |2544 |113 |113 |0113 |- |2545 |114 |114 |0114 |- |2546 |115 |115 |0115 |- |2547 |116 |116 |0116 |- |}

==Illustration== The main picture shows no. 114 near [[Bulawayo]] in [[Southern Rhodesia]], c. 1900, working on the line from the Cape of Good Hope through the [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]]. <gallery mode=packed heights="180px"> File:CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 no. 96.jpg|Works picture of no. 96, c. 1889 </gallery> <gallery mode=packed heights="140px"> File:CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 no. 108.jpg|No. 108 in service, c. 1890 File:CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889.jpg|Armoured 3rd Class 4-4-0 locomotive at Mafeking, c. 1899 File:CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889-108.jpg|Armoured no. 108 derailed at Kraaipan, 12 October 1899 </gallery>

==References== {{Commons category|CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889}} {{Reflist}}

[[Category:CGR locomotives|0280]] [[Category:Michael Stephens locomotives|0280]] [[Category:4-4-0 locomotives]] [[Category:2′B n2 locomotives]] [[Category:Dübs locomotives]] [[Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives]] [[Category:Passenger locomotives]] [[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1889]] [[Category:1889 in South Africa]] [[Category:Scrapped locomotives]]